salt brine in known to deteriorate steel piping system. what substance can be used to counteract ther corrosuve effects

The element with electronic configuration 2s1, which is lithium, has a violent reaction with cold water.

The most reactive metals in the periodic table are the alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr); they all react with cold water violently or even explosively, displacing hydrogen. In the reduction of water to hydrogen gas (H2) and the metal ion hydroxide (OH), Group 1 Metal (M) is oxidised to its metal ions.

The second most reactive metals in the periodic table are the alkaline earth metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra), which also exhibit increased reactivity in higher periods like the Group 1 metals. The only alkaline earth metal that does not react with water or steam, even when heated to a high temperature, is beryllium (Be).  Furthermore, beryllium has an exterior oxide layer that is robust, which reduces its reactivity at lower temperatures.

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Yes carbon dioxide and oxygen are inversely related to each other.

Bohr effect is a result of the effect of carbon dioxide has on hemoglobin affinity for oxygen. Bohr's effect describes the hemoglobin's lower affinity for oxygen secondary to increases in the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide and decreases the pH of blood. This lower affinity, in turn, enhances the unloading of oxygen into the tissues to meet the oxygen demand of the tissue.

Thus, the relationship between CO₂ and hemoglobin affinity for oxygen can be described as an inverse relationship meaning when one goes one way, and the other goes the other way.

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The specific heat capacity of the metal is 35.34 J/g/°C, if the specific heat capacity of the water is 4.18 J/g/°C.

Volume of water = 200 ml

Density of water = 1 gm/ml

So the mass of the water in coffee cup, m₁ = 200×1 = 200 gm

Initial temperature of water, T₁ = 22.1°C

Specific heat capacity of water, S₁ = 4.18 J/g/°C

Mass of the metal, m₂ = 5.1 gm

Initial temperature of the metal, T₂ = 48.6°C

Final combined temperature of both, T = 26.8°C

Let the specific heat capacity of the metal = S₂

Heat gain by the water = heat loss in the metal

S₁ × m₁ × (T-T₁) = S₂ × m₂ × (T₂-T)

4.18 × 200 × (26.8-22.1) = S₂ × 5.1 × (48.6-26.8)

3929.2 = S₂ × 111.18

S₂ = 3929.2/111.18

S₂ = 35.34 J/g/°C

So, the specific heat capacity of the metal is 35.34 J/g/°C.

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The mass of the object compared to its volume

The density of an item is defined as its mass divided by its volume. Density is commonly expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). Remember that grams are a unit of mass and cubic centimeters are a unit of volume (the same volume as 1 milliliter).

When multiplying or dividing, the result should have the same number of significant digits as the number in the computation that has the fewest. This is the volume measurement with only two sig figs in this case, hence the density should be given as 2.9 g/cm3. The density of an item is the ratio of its mass to its volume. Density is defined as density = mass/volume, or D = m/v.

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Distance can be measured by centimeters (cm) and kilometers (km).

Distance is defined as the total movement of an object without any regard to the direction. Distance is the length of the route between the two points.

SI unit of distance is the meter (m). Short distances may be measured in the centimeters (cm), and the long distances may be measured in kilometers (km).  For example: Measure the distance from the bottom to the top of a sheet of paper in centimeters and the distance from your house to your school. Maps are also used to measure the the distance.

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The percent composition of cesium weighs 100 g in a sample with total mass of 400 g is 25 %.

The mass percent of an element in a compound is the contribution from the element to the total mass of the compound. It is the ratio of the mass fraction of the element to the total mass multiplied by 100.

Mass percent is a common term used to express the concentration of an ion or element in a mixture.

Given that total mass of the compound = 400 g

mass of cesium in the compound = 100 g.

Mass percent of cesium =  mass of Cs/total mass

  mass % = 100 /400 × 100 = 25%

Therefore, the mass % of Cs in the compound is 25%.

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The following substances does not exist in the indicated solid type : c.) SiO₂- molecular.

SiO2 is a covalent solid and the solid state of silicon dioxide (SiO2) is a covalent crystal with sharing of valence electrons between the silicon atom and oxygen atoms.

Silicon dioxide is a silicon oxide made of linear triatomic molecules in which silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens. Silicon dioxide which is often called silica is the main compound found in sand.

Silicon dioxide is not soluble in water as the interaction between SiO2 and water molecules is not sufficient to overcome the strong and extensive covalent bonds in giant molecule.

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The relative standard deviation (RSD) for this set of data is 9.98.

The enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mole of a substance burns (combines vigorously with oxygen) under standard state conditions is known as the standard enthalpy of combustion also known as the heat of combustion. The enthalpy of combustion of ethanol, for instance, is 1366.8 kJ/mol.

Total = -5182.6 - 5181.9 - 5183.5 - 5180.1 - 5184.2

Total = -25912.3

number of items = 5

mean = total sum / number of items

mean = -25912.3/5

mean = -5182.46

[tex]x_{i}[/tex]                        [tex]x_{i}[/tex]-µ                           ([tex]x_{i}[/tex]-µ)²

-5181.6                0.86                         0.7396

-5181.9                 0.3                           0.09

-5181.5                 -0.1                           0.01

-5181.1                  -0.5                          0.25

-5181.2                 -0.4                           0.16

∑ ([tex]x_{i}[/tex]-µ)² = 1.2496

Standard deviation = √∑ ([tex]x_{i}[/tex]-µ)² /x

Standard deviation = √1.2496/5

Standard deviation = 0.499

Relative standard deviation = S x 100/x

Relative standard deviation = 0.499 ×100/5

Relative standard deviation = 9.98

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An empirical formula is a type of chemical formula that shows the simplest ratio of elements present in a compound, rather than the total number of atoms.

What are Atoms?

Atoms are the smallest indivisible particles that make up all matter in the universe. They consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by a cloud of electrons. Atoms make up all elements, which are the building blocks for all other forms of matter.

Step 1: Calculate the atomic mass of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Carbon: 12.011 g/mol

Hydrogen: 1.008 g/mol

Oxygen: 15.999 g/mol

Nitrogen: 14.007 g/mol

Step 2: Convert the mass of each element to moles.

Carbon: 83.884 g / 12.011 g/mol = 6.983 mol

Hydrogen: 10.486 g / 1.008 g/mol = 10.381 mol

Oxygen: 18.640 g / 15.999 g/mol = 1.164 mol

Nitrogen: (200.00 g - (83.884 g + 10.486 g + 18.640 g)) / 14.007 g/mol = 6.871 mol

Step 3: Divide each mole value by the smallest mole value to obtain the simplest whole number ratio.

Carbon: 6.983 mol / 6.983 mol = 1

Hydrogen: 10.381 mol / 6.983 mol = 1.485

Oxygen: 1.164 mol / 6.983 mol = 0.167

Nitrogen: 6.871 mol / 6.983 mol = 0.985

The empirical formula of the compound is CHNO.

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If a food service employee has to check the temperature of cold potato salad, she should do so at multiple places throughout the salad

If the dish is maintained between 40 and 140 degrees Fahrenheit, potato salad can be consumed around two hours after cooking. A nice approach to keep salad fresh for a long time is to refrigerate it at 40 F. Before reaching 140 F, the hot salad can be reheated.

Addition than potatoes, the salad ingredients may contain other ingredients with varying rates of cooling. Therefore, it is necessary to take temperature readings of the potato salad at various locations.

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The complete question is-

A food worker needs to measure the temperature of cold-held potato salad where should she check the temperature

A. On the surface of the salad

B. Along the side of the salad dish

C. In multiple places throughout the salad

D. On the temperature gauge of the holding equipment

The complete lewis structure is shown in the below figure by adding lone pairs and formal charges.

Assign the valence electrons to each atom as dictated by the periodic table placing one electron at each compass direction and then pairing them only after the first four until you have place all of the atom’s valence electrons. (See the Roman numeral above the group/column it is in.)

Arrange the remaining atoms around the central atom and join them to the central atom by a single bond. The more electronegative atoms are typically farther away from the center and attaching hydrogen last is advised.

Lone electrons (not lone pairs) indicate an ability to form more covalent bonds, resulting in either double or triple bonds. Their presence or the lack of a full octet on any atom indicates there is a better Lewis structure.

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i) No reactant will be left as all of them have been converted to product after completion of this reaction.

ii) Final percentage of each reactant remaining if each reaction went to completion is about 99.9%.

The difference between the moles (or molecules) of reactants consumed and the moles (or molecules) of products produced in a chemical reaction is known as the molar ratio.

i) Now given the molar ratio of CV : NaOH is 1:1 . That means Equal moles of CV and NaOH are present in the solution. That means all the CV and NaOH molecules will react to form equal number of products.

So in this case, no reactant will be left as all of them have been converted to product after completion of reaction.

ii) In this case, the given NaOH : CV = 1000 : 1. That means per 1000 moles of NaOH, we have only 1 mole of CV. Now since 1 mole of CV can react with only 1 mole of NaOH, then after the reaction of this 1 mole CV, there will be no CV left . And only 999 NaOH molecules will be left in the solution

So here % CV left = 0%

% of NaOH left = 999 / 1000 × 100

% of NaOH left = 99.9 %

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Complete question is attached below

2.084*10^23 molecules are in 32.6 grams of potassium oxide.

A chemical's molar mass is its weight in grammes for one mole. A mole is a unit used to measure how many atoms, molecules, and ions are present in a substance. The number of molecules in a mole of any substance is 6.022 x 1023.

Although the terms "molecular mass" and "formula mass," which refer to molar mass specifically for molecular compounds, are frequently used interchangeably, their definitions vary according to the most reputable sources.

Molar mass of K2O is 94.196g

Given mass = 32.6g

1 mole of K2O = 94.196g

So, 32.6g will be 32.6/94.196g

i.e. 0.346moles

1 mole of K2O = 6.023*10^23molecules of

0.346moles will be 2.084*10^23 molecules

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xenon fluorides are known to undergo hydrolysis to give the hydrohalic acid and the rare gas oxide similar to the following equation: XeF6 + 3H2O -> XeO3 + 6HF.

A noble gas compound with the formula XeF6 is xenon hexafluoride. It is one of xenon's three binary fluorides, along with XeF2 and XeF4. All known are exergonic and stable at normal temperatures. The series' strongest fluorinating agent is XeF6.Water's chemical formula is H2O, which means that each of its molecules consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. In its +6 oxidation state, xenon can form the unstable chemical xenon trioxide(XeO3). It is an extremely potent oxidizing agent that slowly releases oxygen from water, a process that is sped up by sunshine. When it comes into touch with organic materials, it explodes dangerously. It emits xenon and oxygen gas when it explodes.

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The total pressure exerted by the gas mixture is 74 kPa.

Hydrogen is an odorless, colorless, and tasteless gas that is the most abundant element in the universe. It is the lightest of all elements and is a component of many compounds, such as water and hydrocarbons. Hydrogen has the highest energy content of any common fuel, making it an attractive energy source. Additionally, it is utilised in the manufacture of fertiliser, polymers, and pharmaceuticals as well as a propellant.

This is calculated by adding up the partial pressures of each individual gas in the mixture, which in this case is 20 kPa for oxygen, 40 kPa for nitrogen, and 14 kPa for hydrogen. 20 + 40 + 14 = 74

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The most electronegative atom is Flourine and the least is Hydrogen

The attached image indicates how the highly electronegative Fluorine atom takes away most of the electron density (red-to-blue colored cloud) from a hydrogen–fluoride covalent bond.

An electronegative atom is an atom that has a tendency to attract electrons towards itself when it is part of a chemical bond. The most common example is the oxygen atom. The ability of an atom to attract electrons is known as its electronegativity.

The higher the electronegativity of an atom, the more it will pull electrons towards itself. The electronegativity of an atom is determined by its atomic number and the number of electrons in its outermost shell.

Therefore, the correct answer is as given above

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Kinetic energy increases as mass increases

The shape of the mass vs energy graph shows a linear relationship

When we double the mass, we double the energy.

The graph shown in the image is a plot of the kinetic energy of objects on the y-axis and the mass of the objects on the x-axis.

The graph is a straight line. This shows that there is a linear relationship between the two parameters - the kinetic energy and mass of objects. Thus, the kinetic energy increases as mass of objects increases, and decreases as mass of objects increases.

From the graph, when the mass of objects are doubled, there is also a double in the amount of the kinetic energy of objects.

In summary, the graph shows that:

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At room temperature I₂(s) is a molecular solid. the correct explanation is : (C)It is not a good conductor of electricity because its valence electrons are localize in bonding and nonbonding pairs.

The Iodine ,  I₂ is the example of the molecular solid. the iodine is the good conductor of the electricity due to the valence electrons that are localized in the bonding pairs and the non bonding pairs. the iodine is the element in the periodic table with the atomic number 53. the iodine is the non metallic solid at the room temperature.

The iodine exists as the diatomic form. the each iodine molecules present as the two iodine as  I₂ . this is the reason it is called as molecular solid.

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According to the given statement a) 39.367kJ  heat is required AND b) 62.3kJ heat is required.

One mole of a chemical is equal to 6.022 x 1023 particles (or formula units) (ionic compound). The molar mass of a reagent is the amount of 1 mole of that chemical. In put it another way, it gives you the amount of grams per molecule of a material.

Heat required to convert 42.0 g of ethanol at 35 °C to the vapor phase at 78 °C can be calculated by;

H = mcθ + mL

m = mass of ethanol

c = specific heat capacity of ethanol

θ = temperature change

L = Latent heat of vaporization of ethanol

Adding  values;

H = (42 × 2.3 × (78 - 35)) + (42/46 × 38.56 × 10^3)

H = 4154 + 35207

H = 39.367 kJ

b) Heat required to convert the same amount of ethanol at - 155°C to the vapor phase at 78 °C;

H = mLfus + mcθ + mLvap

H =  (42/46 ×  5.02 × 10^3) +  (42 × 2.3 × 78 - (- 155)) + (42/46 × 38.56 × 10^3)

H = 4583 + 22508 + 35207

H = 62.3 kJ

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Answer:

Skeleton equation: H2S(g) + O2(g) → SO2(g) + H2O(l)

Explanation:

A volume of 0.02845 L is required to neutralize this acid-base reaction.

To neutralize an acid with a base, you need to react with equal molar amounts of the two. The balanced chemical equation for the neutralization of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) with potassium hydroxide (KOH) is as follows:

H₂SO₄ + 2 KOH → K₂SO₄ + 2 H₂O

The molarity of a solution is a measure of the number of moles of solute per liter of solvent. To find out how many moles of H₂SO₄ you need to neutralize 25.0 mL of 0.427 M KOH, you first need to convert the volume of KOH to liters, using the conversion factor 1 L/1000 mL.

25.0 mL KOH × (1 L/1000 mL) = 0.025 L KOH

Then, use the molarity of the KOH solution to find out how many moles of KOH you have:

0.427 M KOH × 0.025 L KOH = 0.010675 moles KOH

Since the balanced chemical equation shows that 1 mole of H₂SO₄ reacts with 2 moles of KOH, you need twice the number of moles of KOH, or 0.010675 moles × 2 = 0.02135 moles H₂SO₄.

Finally, use the molarity of the H₂SO₄ solution to find out how much volume you need:

(0.02135 moles H₂SO₄) ÷ (0.75 M H₂SO₄) = 0.02845 L H₂SO₄

So you need a volume of 0.02845 L of 0.75 M H₂SO₄ to neutralize 25.0 mL of 0.427 M KOH. This is equivalent to 28.45 mL of 0.75 M H₂SO₄.

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The volume of the copper is equal to  4cm³.

The density of the substance can be described as the substance's mass per unit of its volume. The symbol commonly used to express density is ρ and the D letter can also be used.

The mathematical formula of the density can be expressed as written below:

Density = Mass/Volume or ρ = m/V

The density of a material varies with temperature and pressure. There is a small variation for solids as well as liquids but much larger for gases. Increasing the pressure of material decreases the volume of material and thus increases its density.

Given the mass of the copper = 35.2 g

The density of the copper at  20°C, d = 8.80 g/cm³

The volume of the copper, V = mass/density = 35.2/8.80 = 4 cm³

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The pressure acting here is 3.32 atm. Then the volume of copper can be determined using ideal gas law. The volume is 3.9 L.

Ideal gas equation is a combination of   Boyle's law, Charle's law and Avogadro's law. The expression relating pressure, volume,   temperature and number of moles of a gas is written as:

PV = nRT.

It can be rearranged as PM = dRT.

where d is the density and M be the mass.

Atomic mass of copper = 63.5 g/mol

density = 8.80 g/cm³

T = 20° C or 293 K.

Then pressure p =  dRT/M

p = 8.80 g/cm³ × 0.082× 293 /63.5 = 3.32 atm

Now the weight of copper = 35.2 g

number of moles of Cu = 35.2/63.5 = 0.5 g.

Then, v = nRT/P

v = 0.5 × 0.082 × 293 /3.32 = 3.9 cm³.

Therefore, the volume of copper is 3.9 L.

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The chemical equation for this reaction is best written as: Na (s) + Cl2 (g) → NaCl (s) + Heat

Reaction is a process in which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances. It is a chemical or physical change that occurs in response to a stimulus. Reactions can be used to create new materials or to break down existing materials into simpler components. They can also be used to generate energy or to store energy. Reactions can be either spontaneous or non-spontaneous, depending on the conditions in which they occur.

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The main function of the meter rule is to measure the distance between the two points , it is use to measure the length.

The first unit of the length is the meter. the length is defined as the distance between the two points.  the meter is used to measure the length in the international system of the units. the instrument used to measure the meter is the meter rule or the meter stick. the mete rule is also called as the ruler. before the meter rule of discovery we use the primitive methods to measure the distance.

Thus, the function of the meter is the to measure the distance between the two points.

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Answer: 58.44amu

Explanation:

The Law of the Conservation of mass states that mass isn't created nor destroyed, but simply transformed.

Applying it in a chemistry context means that there will be the same amount of mass of product as you will start out with, as the mass is transformed from the reactants' mass to the products'.

Therefore, it is 58.44amu.

3.4 mole of H₂SO₄ moles of sulfuric acid (H₂SO4) are needed to react completely with 6.8 moles of lithium hydroxide.

How many moles of sulfuric acid (H₂SO4) are needed ?

Based on the reaction’s stoichiometry: 2 LiOH + H2SO4 Li2SO4 + 2 H2O

It is obvious that when 2.0 moles of LiOH react with 1.0 mole of H2SO4, 1.0 mole of Li2SO4 and 2.0 moles of H2O are produced.

Making use of cross multiplication:

1.0 mole of H2SO4 totally interacts with LiOH (2.0 moles)

2.0 mole of H2SO4 is required to totally react with 6.8 mole of LiOH.

The mole of H2SO4 = (1.0 x 6.8) / (2.0) = 3.4 mole of H2SO4.

One mole of H2SO4 has an atomic mass of 98 grams. So 98 grams of H2SO4 comprises one mole of H2SO4 molecule, or seven moles of atoms.

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The frequency of a photon with an energy of 4. 26 x10-19 J and a wavelength of 4. 67 x 10-7m.  [E= 6. 626 x 1034 x frequency C(3. 0 x 108 m/s) = wavelength x frequency] is 28.22 × 10¹⁵hz.

So formula is :-

Energy of photon, E=hc/λ  or λ=hc/E

E = hν = hc/λ,

Where, h=6.626×10−³⁴Js,c=3×10⁸

By putting all these values, we get:-

4.26× 10-¹⁹ = 6.626×10-³⁴ × ν

 v = 4.26 × 6.626 × 10¹⁵

 = 28.22 × 10¹⁵ hz

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The option that can lead to deviations from Beer's law at constant path length is option A.

Using monochromatic radiation All radiation that was not absorbed by his sample when stray light reaches the detector is transmitted to the detector.

All of the above factors can lead to deviations from Beer's Law if the path length is constant. Optical pathlength refers to the distance that light travels through a sample and is usually kept constant in spectrophotometric experiments in order to accurately measure the sample's absorbance.

Therefore, unless monochromatic radiation is used, the absorbance of the sample may not accurately reflect the concentration of the solute, as different wavelengths of light may be absorbed differently.

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