Sodium benzoate, the sodium salt of benzoic acid, is used as a food preservative. A sample containing solid sodium benzoate mixed with sodium chloride is dissolved in 50.0 mL of .5 M HCl, giving an acidic solution (benzoic acid mixed with HCl ). This mixture is then titrated with .393 M NaOH. After the addition of 46.50 mL of the solution, the pH is found to be 8.2. At this point, the addition of one more drop ( .02 mL) of NaOH raises the pH to 9.3 . Calculate the mass of sodium benzoate (NaC6H5COO) in the original sample. (Hint: At the equivalence point, the total number of moles of acid [here HCl] equals the total number of moles of base [here, both NaOH and NaC6H5COO]

Due to the extreme density of the white dwarf, a piece the size of an ice cream cone would weigh approximately 523,600,000 g, or 523,600 kg.

This is roughly equivalent to 523.6 metric tonnes. A white dwarf is far denser than any material on Earth, with a density of about 1 million grams per cubic centimeter. A white dwarf's high density is the result of its atoms being packed together due to intense gravitational pressure. We can better understand the tremendous density of a white dwarf by comparing the weight of an ice cream cone-sized piece to the weight of a typical object.

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The data one must have in order to complete a titration problem is the molarity and volume of the titrant and titrand.

Titration in analytical chemistry is the determination of the concentration of some substance in a solution by slowly adding measured amounts of some other substance (normally using a burette) until a reaction is shown to be complete, for instance by the colour change of an indicator.

In titration procedure, acids and bases are commonly but not always involved. After the titration experiment, the following formula is used to calculate the molarity of the titrant:

CaVa = CbVb

Where;

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try and find a better answer or ask ur teacher please

The total pressure of the gases in the container is 1.000 atm at RTP.

To calculate the total pressure of the gases in the container, we need to use the ideal gas law, which states:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the container, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

At RTP (standard temperature and pressure), the temperature is 273 K and the pressure is 1 atm. The volume of the container is not given, but since it is rigid, we can assume it is constant.

To find the total pressure, we need to first calculate the partial pressures of each gas using the mole fraction of each gas. The mole fraction is the fraction of the total moles of gas that are made up of each gas.

Let's assume that we have 100 moles of gas in the container. Then, we have:

20.0 moles of helium (20.0% of 100 moles)

20.0 moles of neon (20.0% of 100 moles)

60.0 moles of argon (60.0% of 100 moles)

The total moles of gas is then:

n = 20.0 moles + 20.0 moles + 60.0 moles = 100 moles

The mole fraction of helium is:

X(He) = n(He) / n = 20.0 moles / 100 moles = 0.200

The mole fraction of neon is:

X(Ne) = n(Ne) / n = 20.0 moles / 100 moles = 0.200

The mole fraction of argon is:

X(Ar) = n(Ar) / n = 60.0 moles / 100 moles = 0.600

The partial pressure of helium is:

P(He) = X(He) * P(total) = 0.200 * 1 atm = 0.200 atm

The partial pressure of neon is:

P(Ne) = X(Ne) * P(total) = 0.200 * 1 atm = 0.200 atm

The partial pressure of argon is:

P(Ar) = X(Ar) * P(total) = 0.600 * 1 atm = 0.600 atm

The total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures:

P(total) = P(He) + P(Ne) + P(Ar) = 0.200 atm + 0.200 atm + 0.600 atm = 1.000 atm

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The phase changes are;

Fusion- Exothermic

Sublimation  - Exothermic

Condensation - Endothermic

Vaporization - Exothermic

Freezing - Endothermic

When a substance changes from one phase or state of matter to another, this is referred to as a phase change. The solid, liquid, and gas states are the three fundamental types of matter. A substance's physical characteristics, including shape, volume, and density, might alter when it goes through a phase shift.

Temperature and pressure variations are the primary causes of phase shifts. The particular conditions necessary for a phase change to take place vary depending on the substance. As phase shifts affect the behavior, properties, and uses of diverse materials

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As Earth makes its way around the sun (earth orbit) along a tilted path relative to its own axis we experience staggered views of different stars and constellations depending on where we find ourselves across our annual trajectory.

The cycle of our planet traveling along an elliptical orbit around the sun provides us with what we know as a year or roughly 365.25 days of time measurement; however, this orbital path isn't uniformed and appears like a flattened circle with one focus positioned near our star - The Sun.

This causes changes in distance between both objects throughout different periods of time during its annual journey; for instance, early January denotes when we reach perihelion or our shortest distance from Sun while we hit aphelion on early July - marking our farthest measured distance from it.

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In the following experiment, a coffee-cup calorimeter containing 100 mL of [tex]H_{ 2} O[/tex] is used. The initial temperature of the calorimeter is 23.0 ∘C. If 6.60 g of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] is added to the calorimeter, Final temperature of the solution in the calorimeter = 11.

The first step in solving this problem is to calculate the number of moles of [tex]CaCl_{2}\\[/tex] added to the calorimeter.

Moles of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] = mass of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] / molar mass of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex]

Moles of[tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] = 6.60 g / 110.98 g/mol (molar mass of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex]

Moles of[tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] = 0.0594 mol

We can use the equation for heat transfer to find the change in temperature of the solution. q = mCsΔT, where q is the heat transferred, m is the mass of the solution, Cs is the specific heat of the solution, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

We know that the initial temperature of the calorimeter is 23.0 ∘C and the mass of the solution is 100 g (since the density of water is 1 g/mL). We can solve for ΔT: ΔT = q / mCs

To find q, we can use the enthalpy change of solution (ΔHsoln) and the number of moles of[tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex]added: q = ΔHsoln x moles of[tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex]

q = -82.8 kJ/mol x 0.0594 mol

q = -4.92 kJ

Now we can solve for ΔT: ΔT = (-4.92 kJ) / (100 g x 4.184 J/g⋅∘C)

ΔT = -11.8 ∘C

We can find the final temperature of the solution by adding the change in temperature to the initial temperature: Final temperature = 23.0 ∘C - 11.8 ∘C =11 ∘C.

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The coordination number of [Co(NH3)6]3+ is 6, [Ca(EDTA)]2- is 8, Pt(NH3)4 2+ is 4, and Na[Au(CI)2] is 2.

a. [Co(NH3)6]3+: The coordination number of this complex is 6. Each ammonia molecule has a lone pair of electrons that can form a coordinate covalent bond with the cobalt ion. Therefore, the cobalt ion is surrounded by six ammonia molecules in an octahedral arrangement. b. [Ca(EDTA)]2- : The coordination number of this complex is 8. The EDTA molecule has four carboxylic acid groups and two amine groups that can form coordinate covalent bonds with the calcium ion. Therefore, the calcium ion is surrounded by eight atoms or groups in a square antiprismatic arrangement. c. Pt(NH3)4 2+ : The coordination number of this complex is 4. Each ammonia molecule has a lone pair of electrons that can form a coordinate covalent bond with the platinum ion. Therefore, the platinum ion is surrounded by four ammonia molecules in a square planar arrangement. d. Na[Au(CI)2] : The coordination number of this compound is 2. The gold ion is coordinated by two chloride ions in a linear arrangement. The sodium ion is not involved in the coordination sphere of the gold ion

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The final temperature of the water is 71.99°C.

The final temperature when 625 grams of water at 75.0°C loses 7.96 x 10⁴ J can be found using the specific heat capacity equation:

q = mcΔT

where q is the amount of heat transferred, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

First, we need to determine the specific heat capacity of water, which is 4.18 J/g°C. Then we can rearrange the equation to solve for ΔT:

ΔT = q / (mc)

Substituting the given values, we get:

ΔT = (7.96 x 10⁴ J) / (625 g x 4.18 J/g°C)

ΔT = 3.01°C

Therefore, the final temperature is:

Tfinal = Tinitial - ΔT

Tfinal = 75.0°C - 3.01°C

Tfinal = 71.99°C

As a result, the water's ultimate temperature is 71.99°C.

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The electric force increases by a factor of 16 when the distance is reduced by a factor of 4, hence option A is correct.

The nucleus and electrons are drawn to one another by the electric force. The void created by a positive or negative charge is referred to as an electric field, since it generates a field there.

The electric force is inversely linked to the square of the separation distance and directly connected to the product of the charges. It would be possible to treble the force by doubling both charges.

Reduce one particle's charge by a factor of 4, to increase the electric force between two charged particles by a factor of 16.

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Answer:

0.9192mol

Explanation:

2 FeCl2 + Cl2 → 2 FeCl3

Cl2       :       FeCl3

1            :      2

X           :      1.8384

X= 1.8384/2

X= 0.9192

I hope it helps :)

Answer:muriatu acid

Explanation:

Option D (HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH) is the most acidic compound among the given options.

To determine the most acidic compound among the given options and to identify the true relationship between them, let's evaluate each compound:

A) CH3OH: Methanol

Methanol is a weak acid. It can donate a proton (H+) but not as readily as some other compounds. It is less acidic compared to the other options.

B) (CH3)3COH: tert-Butanol

Tert-butanol is a weak acid. It can donate a proton (H+), but it is relatively less acidic than some other compounds.

C) CH3COOH: Acetic acid

Acetic acid is a weak acid. It can donate a proton (H+), and it is more acidic than both methanol and tert-butanol.

D) HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH: Malonic acid

Malonic acid is a dicarboxylic acid, which means it can donate two protons (H+). It is more acidic than the previous compounds mentioned.

Therefore, the true relationship among the compounds in terms of acidity is as follows:

A) CH3OH < B) (CH3)3COH < C) CH3COOH < D) HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH

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Answer:  9.78 X 10^223 atoms NaCl

Explanation:

Solve using Stoichiometry.

94 g NaCl X (1mole NaCl/58 gNaCl) X (6.02 X 10^23 atoms NaCl/1mole NaCl) = 9.78 X 10^23 atoms NaCl

If a snail crawls 55 inches per day ,the snail will crawl approximately [tex]3.2 * 10^3 centimeters.[/tex]

To convert inches to centimeters, we need to use the conversion factor: 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters.

First, let's calculate the distance the snail crawls in inches in 23 days. We can multiply the daily distance by the number of days:

Distance in inches = 55 inches/day × 23 days = 1265 inches.

Now, to convert the distance from inches to centimeters, we multiply the distance in inches by the conversion factor:

Distance in centimeters = 1265 inches × 2.54 cm/inch = 3215.1 cm.

Rounding to the appropriate number of significant figures, the snail will crawl approximately 3215 cm or [tex]3.2 * 10^3 centimeters.[/tex] in 23 days.

Therefore, the answer is  Option 3:[tex]3.2 * 10^3 centimeters.[/tex]

This means that in 23 days, the snail will crawl approximately[tex]3.2 * 10^3 centimeters.[/tex]

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It can serve as a valuable starting point for your research on igneous rocks. It can be a valuable resource for understanding the formation and characteristics of igneous rocks.

However, I can suggest three commonly used and reputable websites that you can consider using to start your research:Encyclopedia Britannica (www.britannica.com): This website provides reliable and comprehensive information on a wide range of topics, including geology and earth sciences.

United States Geological Survey (USGS) (www.usgs.gov): The USGS website offers a wealth of geological information, including articles, maps, and data related to rocks, minerals, and various geological processes.

Geology.com (www.geology.com): Geology.com is a website that covers various geological topics, including igneous rocks. It provides articles, images, and interactive tools that can help you explore and understand the subject in detail.

Remember to critically evaluate the information obtained from these sources and cross-reference it with other reputable sources to ensure accuracy and reliability.

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Without specific details about Gita's model, it is difficult to determine whether her sister can use it to correctly describe the patterns of the seasons on Earth.

In order to evaluate Gita's model and determine whether her sister can use it to correctly describe the patterns of the seasons on Earth, we need more specific information about the details and accuracy of the model. However, without that information, we can discuss some general aspects to consider when evaluating a model.

Firstly, a model should be based on accurate and relevant data. Gita's model should incorporate scientific data about Earth's axial tilt, its orbit around the sun, and how these factors contribute to the changing seasons. It should also consider other factors that influence seasons, such as the distribution of landmasses, ocean currents, and atmospheric circulation patterns.

Secondly, the model should be logically consistent and able to explain observed phenomena. Gita's model should be able to explain why different parts of the Earth experience different seasons at the same time, why the duration and intensity of seasons vary at different latitudes, and how the position of the sun relative to Earth affects seasonal changes.

Additionally, the model should be able to make accurate predictions and align with empirical evidence. Gita's sister should be able to compare the model's predictions with actual observations of seasonal patterns on Earth and assess how well they match.

It is important to note that accurately describing the patterns of seasons on Earth requires a complex understanding of various interconnected factors. It is unlikely that a simple or incomplete model would be able to fully capture all the intricacies of Earth's seasonal variations. Therefore, Gita's model would need to be comprehensive and supported by scientific knowledge in order for her sister to rely on it for an accurate description of the seasons.

In conclusion, without specific details about Gita's model, it is difficult to determine whether her sister can use it to correctly describe the patterns of the seasons on Earth. It would depend on the accuracy, relevance, logical consistency, and predictive capabilities of the model, as well as its alignment with empirical evidence and scientific understanding of Earth's seasonal variations.

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The four major bond types are ionic bonds, covalent bonds, metallic bonds, and hydrogen bonds. It influences boiling and melting points, solubility, and the structure and function of complex molecules like proteins and DNA.

Each bond type has distinct properties:Ionic Bonds: Ionic bonds form between ions of opposite charges. They have high melting and boiling points and are typically formed between metals and nonmetals. Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic attractions, resulting in solid crystalline structures. They are often soluble in water and conduct electricity when dissolved or molten.

Covalent Bonds: Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. They can be polar or nonpolar, depending on the electronegativity difference between the atoms. Covalent compounds have varying melting and boiling points, but they are generally lower than those of ionic compounds. They can exist as gases, liquids, or solids, and their properties depend on factors like molecular size and intermolecular forces.

Metallic Bonds: Metallic bonds occur in metals, where valence electrons are delocalized and form a "sea" of mobile electrons. Metallic compounds have high thermal and electrical conductivity due to the free movement of electrons. They are malleable and ductile, allowing metals to be shaped into various forms. Metallic bonds result in metallic luster and varying melting points depending on the metal's properties.

Hydrogen Bonds: Hydrogen bonds form between hydrogen atoms and highly electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. They are relatively weak compared to ionic or covalent bonds. Hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in the properties of substances such as water and biological molecules.

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We have 1.77 moles of sulfur in 56.8 g of sulfur.  It is a fundamental unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) and is defined as the amount of substance that contains the same number of entities as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12.

First, we need to use the formula:
Number of moles = Mass / Molar mass
In this case, the mass of sulfur is 56.8 g, and the molar mass of sulfur is 32.06 g/mol. Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
Number of moles = 56.8 g / 32.06 g/mol
Number of moles = 1.77 mol (rounded to two decimal places)

Therefore, we have 1.77 moles of sulfur in 56.8 g of sulfur. It is important to note that the number of moles is a measure of the amount of substance and is used extensively in chemistry calculations.The entities can be atoms, molecules, or ions, depending on the substance being measured.

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Answer:

d. Light energy to chemical energy

Explanation:

This is because photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of sugars or other carbon compounds.

The other options are not correct because they do not match the actual steps of photosynthesis. Chemical energy to light energy is the reverse of what happens in photosynthesis. Light energy to electrical energy and electrical energy to light energy are not involved in photosynthesis at all.

During photosynthesis, plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Therefore, the correct option is d) Light energy to chemical energy.

In photosynthesis, plants use pigments, such as chlorophyll, to absorb light energy from the sun. This light energy is then used to power a series of chemical reactions in the chloroplasts of plant cells. These reactions involve the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose (a sugar) and oxygen.

The process can be summarized as follows:

1. Light energy from the sun is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

2. This absorbed light energy is used to split water molecules into hydrogen ions (H+) and oxygen atoms.

3. The hydrogen ions are then combined with carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air to produce glucose (C6H12O6).

4. Oxygen gas (O2) is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis.

Overall, photosynthesis is an essential process for plants as it enables them to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This chemical energy can then be used by the plant for growth, reproduction, and other metabolic processes.

Explanation:

To calculate the heat gained by nickel, we can use the formula:

q = m * c * ΔT

where q is the heat gained, m is the mass of the nickel, c is the specific heat of nickel, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Given:

- Mass of nickel, m = 31.4 g

- Specific heat of nickel, c = 0.443 J/g · °C

- Change in temperature, ΔT = 64.2 °C - 27.2 °C = 37.0 °C

Substituting the values into the formula, we get:

q = (31.4 g) * (0.443 J/g · °C) * (37.0 °C)

Simplifying the calculation, we get:

q = 584 J

Therefore, the heat gained by nickel when 31.4 g of nickel is warmed from 27.2 °C to 64.2 °C is 584 J.

The crystal I chose is sodium chloride crystals and it is beneficial for man as it is used in the preservation of food as well as in seasoning of food.

A solid whose components are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure to form an all-pervasive crystal lattice is referred to as a crystal.

Sodium chloride also referred to as common salt is an ionic compound that has the chemical formula NaCl.

Sodium chloride is an essential nutrient employed in healthcare. It is employed as a spice to improve flavor and as a food preservative. Additionally, sodium chloride is employed in the production of plastics and other goods and is applied to de-ice sidewalks and roadways

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The graph that correctly identifies the reaction that was carried out with a catalyst is Trial 2 because it decreased the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur. The correct option is C.

Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing any permanent changes themselves.

Catalysts increase the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Catalysts have the following features:

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Answer:

An electrical charge is created when electrons are transferred to or removed from an object.

Explanation:

Because electrons have a negative charge, when they are added to an object, it becomes negatively charged. When electrons are removed from an object, it becomes positively charged.

If the Earth were to rotate from east to west (opposite to its current direction) at the same rate, the day and night cycle would be affected.

The most noticeable difference would be the direction of sunrise and sunset. With an east-to-west rotation, the Sun would rise in the west and set in the east. This reversal of the day-night cycle would affect our perception of time and require adjusting our daily routines accordingly.

Reversing the rotation would reverse the Coriolis effect as well. This change would lead to different global wind patterns and ocean currents, affecting weather systems and climate patterns worldwide.

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Cuso4 + NaoH -》cu(oH)2 +Na2So4

Cuso4 + 2NaoH -》cu(oH)2 +Na2So4

Explanation:

this is balanced equation

The tilt of the Earth's axis plays a crucial role in causing the seasons. The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees relative to its orbital plane around the Sun. This tilt means that different parts of the Earth receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year.

During the summer season, when a particular hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, its sunlight rays strike that hemisphere more directly, resulting in more concentrated solar energy. This leads to warmer temperatures and longer days.

Meanwhile, the opposite hemisphere experiences winter as it is tilted away from the Sun, receiving sunlight at a more oblique angle, resulting in weaker solar energy, cooler temperatures, and shorter days.

During the spring and autumn seasons, the tilt of the Earth's axis is such that neither hemisphere is significantly tilted towards or away from the Sun, resulting in more balanced amounts of sunlight and moderate temperatures. The tilt of the Earth's axis is the primary reason behind the beautiful cycle of seasons we experience throughout the year.

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Answer:

c

Explanation:

dnc

We can use the following formula to determine the standard cell potential from standard free energy changes:

ΔG° = -nFE°

where

ΔG° is the standard free energy change,

n is the number of moles of electrons transferred in the balanced chemical equation,

F is Faraday's constant (96,485 C/mol), and

E° is the standard cell potential.

You can find the standard free energy change (G°) for a specified fuel cell in readily available references. These values ​​are listed:

1. Fuel cell for H2/O2: G° = -237.2 kJ/mol

The chemical formula is 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O.

In this example, n is equal to 4 (transferring 4 moles of electrons).

After entering the values ​​into the formula, we get:

-4 * 96,485 C/mol * E°1 = -237.2 kJ/mol

As we solve for E°1, we get:

E°₁ ≈ 1.23 V

2. G° = -326.7 kJ/mol for a methanol/O2 fuel cell.

The balanced chemical formula is: CO2 + 2H2O = CH3OH + 1.5O2.

In this example, n is equal to 6 (transferring 6 moles of electrons).

After entering the values ​​into the formula, we get:

-6 * 96,485 C/mol * E°2 = -326.7 kJ/mol

As we solve for E°2, we get:

E ° ₂ ≈ 0.54 V

3. Fuel cell for ethanol and oxygen: G° = -329.6 kJ/mol

The chemical formula is: C2H5OH + 3O2 -> 2CO2 + 3H2O.

In this example, n is equal to 12 (12 electron moles are exchanged).

After entering the values ​​into the formula, we get:

-12 * 96,485 C/mol * E°3 = -329.6 kJ/mol

As we solve for E°3, we get:

E°₃ ≈ 0.27 V

4. Fuel cell for glucose and oxygen: G° = 2,840 kJ/mol

The chemical formula is C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O.

Since 24 moles of electrons are transported, n = 24 in this example.

After entering the values ​​into the formula, we get:

-24 * 96,485 C/mol * E°4 = 2,840 kJ/mol.

Solving for E°4, we get:

E°₄ ≈ 0.37 V

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7.24 moles of NaOH can produce 3.62 moles of Na3AlO3.

To determine the number of moles of Na₃AlO₃ formed from 7.24 moles of NaOH, we need to consider the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. The reaction between NaOH and Al₂(SO₄)₃ produces Na₃AlO₃ and H₂O.

The balanced chemical equation is:

6 NaOH + Al₂(SO₄)₃ → 3 Na₃AlO₃ + 3 H₂O

From the equation, we can see that 6 moles of NaOH react to produce 3 moles of Na₃AlO₃. This means that the mole ratio of NaOH to Na₃AlO₃ is 6:3, which simplifies to 2:1.

Therefore, if we have 7.24 moles of NaOH, we can calculate the moles of Na₃AlO₃ formed by dividing the number of moles of NaOH by 2:

7.24 moles NaOH / 2 = 3.62 moles Na₃AlO₃

Thus, 7.24 moles of NaOH can produce 3.62 moles of Na₃AlO₃ according to the balanced chemical equation.

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