Private firms may not undertake the efficient amount of basic scientific research for several reasons. The United States has adopted a policy of providing funding for basic scientific research through public institutions. The argument is consistent with the classification of basic research.
Firstly, basic research is often a long-term investment with uncertain outcomes, which may not provide a direct financial return on investment. This can make it unattractive for private firms who are more focused on short-term profits. Secondly, basic research often involves high costs and risks, which may not be feasible for private firms to undertake alone. Lastly, basic research generates knowledge that is non-excludable and non-rival, meaning that it is difficult to charge for its use and its benefits are spread widely. This makes it difficult for private firms to capture the full benefits of their investment in basic research.
Basic research would be classified as a public good, as it is non-excludable and non-rival.
b. The United States has adopted a policy of providing funding for basic scientific research through public institutions such as universities and research institutes.
This is done through agencies such as the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health, which provide grants to researchers to conduct basic research. The government also offers tax incentives to private firms that conduct research and development.
c. The argument that this policy increases the technological capability of American producers relative to that of foreign firms is consistent with the classification of basic research as a public good. While the benefits of basic research are non-excludable and non-rival, they can still be appropriated by private firms through patents and licenses.
This allows American firms to gain a competitive advantage over foreign firms by using the knowledge generated by basic research to develop new products and processes. However, this argument assumes that the benefits of basic research are evenly distributed across all potential beneficiaries, which may not be the case.
Some potential beneficiaries may be excluded from accessing the benefits of basic research, such as small firms who cannot afford to license patents or individuals who cannot afford to pay for medical treatments developed using basic research.
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The probability that an adversary will exploit a weakness in your operation, tempered by the impact to your mission, is defined as the.
Weakness exploited by an adversary will in operation, tempered by the impact to your mission, is defined as the risk.
More about operation security OPSEC:
It is a process that looks for critical information to see if friendly actions can be observed by enemy intelligence, checks to see if information obtained by adversaries could be interpreted to be useful to them, and then implements chosen measures that reduce or eliminate adversary exploitation of friendly critical information. OPSEC is the technique of securing discrete data points that can be integrated to produce a bigger picture (called aggregation).
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What is an example of a preferential offender?
The preferential offender is characterized as having a persistent, chronic, and compulsive appeal to kids. They're usually identified with pedophilia, or recurrent, excessive arousing fantasies of a minimum of six months in period concerning pre-pubescent kids classify those offenders as solely concerned with children and point out that they're commonly no longer associated with their victims and are drawn to kids from childhood.
For many, those dispositions or options consist of kids, and they're the ones it would be most suitable to consult. Some preferential-type offenders without a choice for children do.
Some examples of situational prevention in impact include putting surveillance gadgets in areas that revel in various vandalism. Every other instance has putting safety monitors in banks to prevent robberies.
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The free exercise clause states that the national government will not interfere with which of the following
The free exercise clause states that the national government will not interfere with the practice of religion.
What is free exercise clause?This clause is what spelt out United State's citizen right to exercise religion of their choice.
The above means that people have the right to choose the religion they want to exercise, without undue influence from the Government.
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Using ________to understand what might motivate someone to become a gang member in the first place.
Using Inductive reasoning to understand what might motivate someone to become a gang member in the first place.
Inductive reasoning is a method of reasoning wherein a frame of observations is taken into consideration to derive a standard principle. It consists of making large generalizations based on unique observations. Inductive reasoning is awesome from deductive reasoning.
If the premises are correct, the conclusion of a deductive argument is positive; in assessment, the reality of the belief of an inductive argument is probably, primarily based upon the evidence given.
here are a few examples of inductive reasoning: facts: I see fireflies in my backyard every summer season. speculation: This summer season, I can possibly see fireflies in my backyard. records: every dog I meet is pleasant.
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In 2010, the Supreme Court issued an opinion that the right of citizens to own guns for their self-defense was incorporated in the Second Amendment.
True, the Supreme Court issued an opinion that the right of citizens to own guns for their self-defense was incorporated into the Second Amendment.
What does the Second Amendment mean?In essence, the Second Amendment declares that you have the individual right to bear arms as an American citizen. The amendment firmly establishes that the government cannot violate that right.
One of the first ten amendments to the Constitution referred to as the Bill of Rights, the Second Amendment was approved on December 15, 1791. By outlining specific individual rights, restricting governmental authority, and strengthening the foundation of American freedom, the Bill of Rights built upon the Constitution.
The Second Amendment is still crucial for defending the rights of law-abiding gun owners today.
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Three-year-old moe loves to pour sand from one bucket to another bucket. he never tires of this simple, repetitive activity. the type of play moe is engaging in is called _____ play.
Three-year-old moe loves to pour sand from one bucket to another bucket. he never tires of this simple, repetitive activity. the type of play moe is engaging in is called functional play.
Playing with toys or items in accordance with their intended use is known as functional play (e.g., rolling a ball, pushing a car on the floor, pretend to feed a doll).
The first sort of play that children engage in is functional play. In the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, newborns are where it all starts. Babies engage in functional play when they learn to manage their bodies and things.
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When social psychologists discuss impression formation, what are they talking about?
When social psychologists discuss impression formation, they were talking about social schemes .
Psychologists are specialists in practicing psychology, studying mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes, and behaviors. Her work often involves experimenting, observing, and interpreting personal interactions and relationships with the environment.
Psychologists typically earn a bachelor's degree in psychology, followed by a master's or doctoral degree in psychology. Unlike psychiatrists and psychiatrists, psychologists are usually not able to prescribe medications, but in some jurisdictions, additionally trained psychologists may be eligible to prescribe medications.
Psychologists receive extensive training in psychological testing, evaluation, interpretation, and reporting, but psychiatrists are usually not trained in psychological testing.
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Frequent operation of a tank-mounted compressor on a dry sprinkler system is often caused by:_______
Frequent operation of a tank-mounted compressor on a dry sprinkler system is often caused by system air loss.
If you have a dry pipe or pre-action fire sprinkler system, you maximum possibly have an air compressor that continues the air or nitrogen pressurized inside the pipe until a sprinkler head turns on, filling the machine with water. The air compressor is an integral aspect of the fireplace safety system.
Almost two-thirds (sixty-four%) of sprinkler disasters arise because the system is shut off. This could occur while a building is vacant or beneath creation or when there are device troubles concerning leaks or other impairments.
An average dry system valve is designed in this sort of manner that 1 psi of air can hold back 6 psi of water. In a hearth event, the warmth from the fire turns on the sprinklers that are inside the place once the surrounding temperature reaches a certain temperature to prompt the sprinklers.
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It was time for Amir to marry. He had finished school and was starting a job. His parents chose a bride for him whose parents had the same amount of wealth and belonged to the same class as they did. Amir and his bride will have a(n) _________ marriage.
Amir and his bride will have arranged marriage.
What is arranged marriage?Arranged marriage is a marital union where the bride or the groom is been preselected to marry each other.
The selection could be from the parent or mentor, hence His parents chose a bride for him whose parents had the same amount of wealth, symbolize arrange marriage.
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Write "the importance of optimum population" titled letter to your friend.
The importance of optimum population is provide good quality of life available to everyone.
What is is the importance of optimum population ?The optimum population of the world is very important because it will allow government to know the population of a country.
It should be noted that consensus about the size of such a population is a way to know this so that provision for a better living can be made for all.
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Which is the most accurate description of the way minority groups historically have been treated in the united states?
The most accurate description of the way minority groups historically have been treated in the united states with great reluctance (sometimes resulting in violence) to accept their equality.
One of the most prevalent ways that people's rights are violated and abused is discrimination, in all of its manifestations. It is one of the hardest to recognise and it impacts millions of people every day. Discrimination and intolerance are two ideas that go hand in hand. Lack of respect for practises or beliefs that are different from one's own is known as intolerance. It also involves rejecting those who we believe to be different from us, such as members of social or ethnic groups that are not similar to our own or those who have a different political or personal orientation. Intolerance can appear in a variety of ways, from avoidance to hate speech to physical harm or even murder.
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Halbert’s license was summarily suspended after he was convicted of felony embezzling. He’d like the chance to appeal the decision. Can he?
Halbert’s license was summarily suspended after he was convicted of felony embezzling. He’d like the chance to appeal the decision. Yes. He has the right to appeal his case in front of the commission
Licensees whose licenses have been summarily suspended or revoked have the right to a prompt hearing before the commission. Halbert has convicted in felony. Felony is a crime for which a sentenced of one year can be imposed. Felony is divide in five category ranging from most to least severe.
The right to appeal is a statutory and substantive right. It goes beyond only being a procedural right to appeal. Statutory rights imply that they must be granted by statute, unless they expressly state that there would be no right of appeal. While the legal ability to file a lawsuit is not granted.
That is why halbert has the right to appeal.
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the legislation most responsible for the rapid development of services for young children with disabilities or delays is
the legislation most responsible for the rapid development of services for young children with disabilities or delays is Public Law 94-142, 1975b.
Public Law 94-1424 94th Congress Act
Amending the Disability Education Act to Provide Educational Assistance for all children with Disabilities and for other purposes.
Whether or not the United States Senate and House met in Congress, the act is sometimes referred to as the All Disabled Children Education Act of 1975*.
Disability Education Act (20 USC 1411(b)(2)) (hereinafter referred to as the "Act" in this Act);, amended to remove "Puerto Rico Commonwealth", as it was in effect for the tax years of 1976 and 1977. Section 6li(c)(l) (20 U.S.C. 1411(c)(1)) of the (B) Act, effective for the tax years 1976 and 1977, removes from "Puerto Commonwealth" Fixed by. I'll be Rico."
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Given that your facility has a well-written Emergency Operations Plan (EOP), even without training, all staff members will know what to do when a disaster happens.
This is true. Given that your facility has a well-written Emergency Operations Plan (EOP), even without training, all staff members will know what to do when a disaster happens.
What is the Emergency Operations Plan?This is the plan that has it in details what the people or the agency would have to do in the case of an emergency.
The plan would involve preparedness, recovery, and response to the event of the emergency. Following the directives of FEMA, the EOP helps to assign responsibility to emergency workers
This is done by assigning responsibility to people at different times especially when there is an emergency that is beyond the capability of a particular or one agency
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It is important to remember that the book of proverbs teaches ________ truths for living.
Proverbs teach practical truths for living. The proverbs are old sayings and are helpful and motivational.
What is a Proverb?Proverbs are the traditional saying, these sayings are popular among the young and adults. These proverbs were said by wise men.
There are many proverbs that are so famous and gives life lessons to young kids, there is a proverb which says an apple a day keeps a doctor away, gives us the lesson that eating fruits is important for our health and if we eat an apple a day we don't have to visit the doctor which means that we will not fall ill if we do this.
There is also another famous proverb which says that don't judge a book by its cover, which means that a person should not be judged by only his/her appearance, the appearance may be deceiving and the person could be different to what is visible
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Which government program is called the "third rail of american politics" by politicians because, like the high-voltage bar that powers subway trains?
Social security is a government program that is called as third rail of american politics
The third rail of a nation's politics is a metaphor for any issue so controversial that it is "charged" and "untouchable" to the extent that any politician or a public official who dares to broach the subject will always suffer politically.
The Social security Act was signed into law by President Roosevelt on August 14, 1935. in addition to several provisions for popular welfare, the brand new Act created a social insurance application designed to pay retired people age 65 or older a continuing income after retirement. The social security Act created several programs that, even nowadays, form the basis for the government's role in providing income protection, especially, old-age insurance, unemployment coverage, and aid to households with established youngsters ( AFDC ) packages.
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What encourage and discourage you to patronize the products / outcomes of nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is encourage for the work of science and discouraged because of likely body reactions and environmental effect it may have.
What encourage the product of nanotechnology?is the evolution of new materials that are used for science research and it also promote good research update.
What discourage the product of nanotechnology?The use of this material may have some reactions or allergy on humans.
Therefore, Nanotechnology are new technology that is encourage for the work of science and discouraged because of likely body reactions and environmental effect it may have.
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The portion of the real estate lending market where borrowers interact with lenders is known as the:______
The portion of the real estate lending market where borrowers interact with lenders is known as the C)primary market.
The number one marketplace is wherein securities are created. it is in this market that companies promote (go with the flow) new shares and bonds to the public for the primary time. A preliminary public supply, or IPO, is an example of a number one market.
The number one marketplace is the part of the capital market that offers with the issuance and sale of securities to purchasers immediately by the issuer, with the company being paid the proceeds.
In a number one marketplace, new shares and bonds are offered to the general public for the first time via an initial public offering (IPO). The secondary marketplace, on the opposite, refers to exchanges which include BSE or big apple stock alternate or NASDAQ in which stocks are traded.
The portion of the real estate lending market where borrowers interact with lenders is known as the:
A)real estate market
B)money market
C)primary market
D)secondary market
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If a deadline is rapidly approaching, it would be wiser to assign a task to a group than to individuals. True false
If a deadline is rapidly approaching, it would be wiser to assign a task to a group than to individuals is true. it help to achieve target within the deadline.
By assigning the work to group can
Dividing difficult jobs into components and processes
Organize your time.
Improve comprehension through discourse and clarification
Providing and receiving performance criticism Challenging assumptions
Improve your communication abilities.
Additionally, group projects can aid in the development of teamwork-related abilities, enabling students to: Take on more challenging tasks than they could on their own; Delegate roles and duties; and exchange different viewpoints, Accountable to each other (and to one another), get social support and persuasion to take chances, Create fresh methods for settling disagreements.
hence answer is true.
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Robert merton developed structural strain theory to explain why deviance happens. To what sort of strain does the theory’s name refer?
Robert Merton developed structural strain theory to explain why deviance happens. Sort of strain of the theory’s name refer to "strain between socially approved goals and the means that an individual has for realizing them."
Structural Strain theory is a part of sociology and criminology, strain theory states that social structures within society may pressure citizens to commit crime. Strain may be structural, which refers to the processes at the societal level that filter down and affect how the individual perceives his or her needs.
The deviance in the theory refers to the result of the tension between socially approved goals and an individual's ability to meet those goals through socially approved means.
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When you’re older and out of school, you’ll need to grow your emergency fund into a full three to six monthsʹ worth of expenses.
a. True
b. False
True, When you’re older and out of school, you’ll need to grow your emergency fund into a full three to six monthsʹ worth of expenses.
An emergency fund is a requirement. Consider it as a life's shock absorber that will prevent you from adding to the amount of debt you most certainly already carry.
A huge spotlight has been placed on the importance of having an emergency fund when a crisis strikes because to the coronavirus outbreak.
While some consider having one to two months' worth of salary set aside ideal, the majority of financial experts agree that the emergency fund size should be sufficient to cover three to six months' worth of living expenses.
That's a terrific notion and an important component of any smart financial plan, but it also takes work to implement.
Hence, option A is correct.
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Describe two important ways in which the american ideology of equal opportunity for all is undermined by the persistent inequalities present in the american education system.
Two important ways in which the American ideology of equal opportunity for all is undermined by the persistent inequalities present in the American education system are;
Coleman's hypothesis states that minorities and those with lesser socioeconomic status are naturally tracked lower.Education, tutoring, parenting methods, and credentials all rise in direct proportion to SES (Social Economic Status). This is further explained below.What is the american ideology of equal opportunity?Generally, The importance of an individual's own ambitions, talents, and skills is emphasized above their traits based on membership in a group, such as a socioeconomic class, race, or extended family, while talking about equality of opportunity.
In conclusion, Coleman's theory suggests that minorities and individuals with the lower socioeconomic positions are automatically tracked lower, which is a key manner in which the American concept of equal opportunity for everyone is destroyed. SES has a direct effect on education, tutoring, parenting style, and credentials (Social Economic Status). To further understand this, read on.
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Demographers use which terminology to describe people between the ages of 65 and 74 years?
Demographers use youngest-old to describe people between the ages of 65 and 74 years.
Demography is the statistical study of populations, particularly people. Demographic analysis can cover complete societies or groups described by means of criteria such as education, nationality, faith, and ethnicity.
The Census Bureau employs demographers, as do many government businesses, consisting of the country-wide Institutes of fitness, that conduct surveys. Demographers also are employed by faculties and universities and with the aid of non-profit organizations. some jobs will be available in business and marketing.
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________ refers to whether the audience for our performance understands our actions as we have intended for them to be understood.
Accountability refers to whether the audience for our performance understands our actions as we have intended for them to be understood.
Accountability (gender and symbolic interactionism) refers to the manner in which individuals adapt their behaviour to particular situations in order for others to recognise it for what it is and for the audience to perceive our acts as we had meant. According to symbolic interactionists, boys and girls pick up social cues via their interactions with their parents, teachers, peers, and the media. The ability to frequently evaluate public actors' actions from the perspectives of women's and men's demands and interests, as well as the inclusion of gender equality as one of the benchmarks used to measure decision-makers' performance, are requirements for gender-sensitive accountability.
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Which of these is NOT a reason why the current DSM-5 method of categorizing personality disorders has been criticized
Symptoms of personality disorder are usually identified as follows:
The current method of classifying personality disorders does not diagnose personality disorders as often as necessary.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) lists ten personality disorders. Personality Disorders have been criticized.
Cluster C is called anxiety, anxiety cluster. Includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. These three personality disorders share high levels of anxiety.
Examples of DSM-5 categories include anxiety disorders, bipolar and related disorders, depressive disorders, nutritional and eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and personality disorders.
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Ursula's mother spanks Ursula for hitting her younger brother. According to observational learning principles, the mother is _____.
Ursula's mother spanks Ursula for hitting her younger brother. According to observational learning principles, the mother is acting as a model for aggressive behavior.
Aggression, according to social psychology, describes any behavior or act aimed at harming someone or animal or negative bodily property. a few examples of competitive acts: acts of physical violence. shouting, swearing, and harsh language.
Aggression may be ordinary, and is only a trademark of underlying disorder whilst feelings turn out to be immoderate, all-ingesting, and intervene with daily dwelling.
There may be genetic and hormonal elements that influence aggression. Imbalances in certain hormones, like testosterone and cortisol, and neurotransmitters, like serotonin and dopamine, may be related to aggression. 3 those imbalances can arise for some of reasons, such as genetics.
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Would it be valid for Dr. Park to use the independent-measures t test to test whether the brain activity of younger adults is different from that of older adults during a visual recognition task
No, because the two populations from which the samples are selected do not appear to have equal variances.
What is an fMRI?Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a sort of noninvasive brain imaging technique, was created in the early 1990s and uses changes in blood flow to identify brain activity.
An fMRI can show which area of the brain is engaged when you lift your arm or even merely think about something. This knowledge can be used by medical professionals and researchers to recognize, monitor, and treat a variety of illnesses.
What is an fMRI used for?
fMRIs are often employed in both clinical and academic settings. With the use of this technology, we can comprehend the function of the brain both in a healthy state and one that is ill.
Uses for an fMRI include:
plan for surgery or other therapies by identifying conditionslook for anomaliesdetermining which brain areas control vital activities.analyze how ailments and injuries including cancer, concussions, and epilepsy affect cognitive function.the effectiveness of a medicine.Learn more about fMRIs with the help of the given link:
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How does descartes characterize the self? what characteristics does it have? can you recall the argument that led him to his conclusion about the nature of the self?
Descartes characterize the self as it is an immaterial thinking thing that interacts with the material body.
Descartes makes the case that the self can be accurately viewed as either a mind or a human person, and that the self's qualities vary correspondingly, in the Meditations and other publications from the early 1640s. For instance, whereas the self is compositely regarded to be a human being, the self is simply considered to be a mind.
One essential certainty that the Cartesian self is capable of is that, even if everything else is open to doubt, one cannot seriously doubt that one is thinking because to doubt is to think.
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In a diversity case, federal trial courts are required to apply a _______ when considering a motion for a new trial based on the excessiveness of the verdict. press enter or space to submit the answer
In a diversity case, federal trial courts are required to apply a state law standard when considering a motion for a new trial based on the excessiveness of the verdict.
Federal trial courts only have limited jurisdiction, so they can only consider matters that are specifically allowed by the US Constitution or federal law. Any matter originating under federal laws, the Constitution, or treaties must be filed with the federal district court.
If a move for judgement (Rule 50(a)) is denied, the court is said to have sent the case to the jury with the understanding that the court would subsequently resolve the legal issues brought by the motion.
The movant may file a renewed motion for judgement as a matter of law and may include an alternative or joint request for a new trial under Rule 59 no later than 28 days following the entry of judgment—or, if the motion addresses a jury issue not resolved by a verdict, no later than 28 days after the jury was discharged.
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Accepting the information in a professor's lecture without considering the credibility of the information--such as the observations that support it--exemplifies a belief in _____.
Accepting the information in a professor's lecture without considering the credibility of the information--such as the observations that support it--exemplifies a belief in Authority.
Authority bias, a term popularized by American psychologist Stanley Milgram, is defined as the false high belief that information verified by someone with formal authority is correct and therefore likely to be affected by it will be View activity for this post. The ultimate quotable Einstein has this quote: Blind obedience to authority is the greatest enemy of truth.
Psychology teaches that blind obedience is behavior. It causes people to do what they are told without even thinking. whether what they heard was true or whether they should follow orders
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