The Covid-19 pandemic effects on the marketing mix (product, price, promotion, and distribution) may include the following except:
a. Lockdown and shutdown of many retailers and wholesalers
b. Socially conscious public relations and messages
c. New product development and testing
d. Price gouging

The purchase price of the machine bought by the large factory can be calculated using the information provided, including the semiannual payments, down payment, interest rate, and the duration of the loan.

To find the purchase price of the machine, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity. The semiannual payments of $6,000 can be considered as an annuity, and the down payment of $10,000 can be treated as an initial payment.

Using the formula for the present value of an annuity, we can calculate the present value of the semiannual payments over the 7-year period at a 6.23% annual interest rate compounded semiannually.

PV = A * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r]

Where PV is the present value, A is the periodic payment, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of periods.

Plugging in the given values, we can calculate the present value of the semiannual payments. Then, by adding the present value of the payments to the down payment, we can determine the purchase price of the machine.

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The correct option is D, The ultimate market constraint on the exercise of market power is barriers to entry.

The market refers to the overall system of buyers and sellers who engage in the exchange of goods, services, or assets. It is a dynamic environment where the forces of supply and demand interact to determine prices and allocate resources. In a market, individuals and businesses come together to buy and sell products or services based on their preferences and needs.

Markets can take various forms, including physical locations such as traditional brick-and-mortar stores, as well as virtual platforms like e-commerce websites. They can be localized, serving a specific geographic area, or global, facilitating international trade. Markets can also be segmented based on the types of goods or services being traded, such as financial markets, labor markets, or housing markets.

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the increase in the NPV of the transaction if it can be restructured so that Hubern will receive the cash this year, but report the income one year later is $17,619.63.

To compute the increase in the NPV of the transaction if it can be restructured so that Hubern will receive the cash this year, but report the income one year later, we need to calculate the tax savings from deferring the income to the next year and then discount it back to year 0 using the given discount rate of 9%.

The tax savings from deferring the income to the next year can be calculated as follows:

Tax savings = Tax rate x Deferred income

Tax savings = 0.21 x $100,000 x PV(1, 9%)

Tax savings = 0.21 x $100,000 x 0.917

Tax savings = $19,197.00

Now, we can calculate the increase in the NPV of the transaction as follows:

Increase in NPV = Tax savings / (1 + discount rate)

Increase in NPV = $19,197.00 / (1 + 0.09)

Increase in NPV = $17,619.63

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If new employees observe a culture that contradicts with the culture formally stated in corporate pamphlets, it can lead to confusion and skepticism.

The employees may wonder which culture to follow or whether the company truly believes in its stated values. This can result in a lack of trust and engagement from the employees, which can ultimately harm the company's performance. To avoid this, it is important for companies to ensure that their stated values and culture align with what is actually practiced within the organization. This can be achieved through regular communication, training, and accountability. If new employees are consistently shown the company's values and culture in action, they are more likely to accept and embrace them, leading to a more positive and productive workplace.

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An inward shift in the U.S. economy's production possibility frontier could represent a decrease in the country's ability to produce goods and services due to a variety of factors.

These factors may include a decline in available resources, a decrease in productivity, or a decrease in technology. When an inward shift occurs, it means that the economy is no longer able to produce as many goods and services as it once could. This could have a negative impact on the country's overall economic growth, as it would mean that there are fewer opportunities for businesses to expand and for individuals to find work.

An inward shift in the production possibility frontier can also result from external factors, such as a decrease in demand for a particular product or service. This can lead to a reduction in the overall output of the economy and a decrease in the country's ability to compete in the global marketplace.

It is important to note that an inward shift in the production possibility frontier does not necessarily mean that the economy is in decline. Rather, it simply represents a shift in the country's ability to produce goods and services. In some cases, an inward shift may be necessary for the economy to become more efficient and to focus on producing goods and services that are in higher demand.

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Changing the number of protons would change an atom into an atom of a different element.

The number of protons determines the atomic number of an element, which defines its identity.

Each element has a unique number of protons in its nucleus. By adding or subtracting protons, the fundamental identity of the atom changes, resulting in the formation of a different element. This process is known as nuclear transmutation. However, changing the number of neutrons or electrons in an atom does not alter its elemental identity, but rather affects its isotopic or charge properties, respectively.

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True. The obligatory action is one that a person has a moral duty to perform, and failing to do so would be considered morally wrong.

An obligatory action is one that a person is morally obligated or required to perform. Obligations are a fundamental concept in ethics, and they are based on the idea of moral duties that individuals have towards others or towards society as a whole. These duties can arise from various sources, such as social norms, legal requirements, or moral principles.

For example, an individual may be morally obligated to help a person in need because it is a moral principle that we should treat others with compassion and kindness. Similarly, a doctor may be morally obligated to provide the best possible care to their patients because it is their professional duty and a requirement of the Hippocratic Oath.

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The closest definition for first-column terms from the second-column is Compensating control matches statement 1, Complementary control matches statement 2, Corrective control matches statement 3,  Deficiency in internal control matches statement 7, Material weakness matches statement 5, Walk-through matches statement 10, Transaction cycle matches statement 9.

The match-the-following is explained as follows:

a. Compensating control: A control established to remedy misstatements that are discovered.
b. Complementary control: A control that functions together with another control to achieve the same control objective.
c. Corrective control: A control that reduces the risk that an existing or potential control weakness will result in a failure to meet a control objective.
d. Deficiency in internal control: A situation in which control does not allow management or employees, in the normal course of performing their functions, to prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis.
e. Material weakness in internal control: A deficiency in internal control such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
f. Walk-through: A procedure in which an auditor follows a transaction from origination through the company's processes, including information systems, until it is reflected in the company's financial records.
g. Transaction cycle: The sequence of procedures applied by the client in processing a particular type of recurring transaction.

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True: A mixed message is a single communication that contains two meanings—one positive and the other negative.

A mixed message refers to a form of communication that conveys contradictory or conflicting information. It often occurs when someone's words, tone of voice, facial expressions, or body language send conflicting signals. In such cases, the message can have both a positive and a negative meaning, leading to confusion or ambiguity for the recipient. The positive aspect of the message may give hope or create a favorable impression, while the negative aspect introduces doubt or uncertainty.

For example, if someone says, "I really like spending time with you, but I think we need some space," the positive aspect is the affirmation of enjoying the other person's company, while the negative aspect introduces the need for distance. Mixed messages can arise from various contexts, including personal relationships, professional settings, or even in marketing and advertising. It is crucial to pay attention to both the positive and negative elements of a mixed message to better understand the sender's true intention and to avoid misunderstandings.

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A manufacturer seeking to maximize its sales should utilize intensive distribution.

Intensive distribution is a strategy that involves making a product widely available in as many outlets as possible, such as supermarkets, convenience stores, and online marketplaces. This approach aims to ensure that customers can easily access the product wherever they go and whenever they need it.

By using intensive distribution, a manufacturer can increase its sales volume and revenue by reaching a broader customer base and capturing more market share. This approach is particularly effective for products that have mass appeal and require frequent purchases, such as food, beverages, and personal care items.

However, intensive distribution requires significant resources and investment in logistics, warehousing, and transportation to ensure that the product reaches all outlets in a timely and cost-effective manner. Therefore, a manufacturer must carefully evaluate the potential benefits and costs of intensive distribution before implementing this strategy.

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Paul, as an economist who believes in the strong form of the efficient market hypothesis, views the stock market as a good approximation of an informationally efficient market.

The efficient market hypothesis (EMH) is a theory that suggests financial markets, including the stock market, reflect all available information, making it difficult for investors to consistently outperform the market. The hypothesis is divided into three forms: weak, semi-strong, and strong.

The strong form of the efficient market hypothesis asserts that financial markets are informationally efficient to such an extent that even insider information cannot be used to gain an advantage. In other words, all public and private information is already incorporated into stock prices, leaving no room for investors to consistently generate abnormal returns.

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Peripheral goods or services are offerings that are essential to the primary good or service. (False)

Peripheral goods or services are not essential to the primary good or service. Instead, they are considered as complementary or secondary offerings that enhance or support the primary offering. They are not integral or indispensable components of the main product or service but rather supplementary elements that provide additional value or convenience to customers.

For example, in the context of a computer, the primary good would be the computer itself, while the peripheral goods would include accessories like a keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, or speakers. These peripheral goods enhance the functionality and usability of the computer but are not considered essential for its basic operation.

Similarly, in the case of services, peripheral services may include add-ons or extras that complement the main service. For instance, in the hospitality industry, a hotel may offer peripheral services like room service, laundry service, or airport shuttle service, which enhance the overall guest experience but are not necessary for the core service of providing accommodation

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The NPV of the project is $756,108, which is positive, indicating that the project is profitable and should be accepted.

To calculate the NPV of the project, we need to calculate the annual cash flows and then discount them back to present value using the given discount rate. The annual cash flows for this project are as follows:

Year 0: Initial investment in net working capital = -$43,000

Year 1-5: Annual pretax operating cost savings = $191,000

Year 5: Salvage value of the sausage system = $89,000

To calculate the depreciation expense, we divide the initial cost by the project life:

Depreciation expense = $675,000 / 5 = $135,000 per year

To calculate the taxable income, we subtract the depreciation expense and the operating cost savings from the revenue:

Taxable income = Revenue - Depreciation expense - Operating cost savings

Since the revenue is not given, we assume it to be equal to the operating cost savings:

Taxable income = $191,000 - $135,000 - $191,000 = -$135,000

Since the taxable income is negative, there is no tax liability in this case.

The annual cash flows for this project are as follows:

Year 0: -$43,000

Year 1-5: $191,000

Year 5: $89,000 + $135,000 (tax shield from depreciation)

To calculate the NPV, we discount each cash flow back to present value using the given discount rate:

NPV = (-$43,000 / (1+0.08)^0) + ($191,000 / (1+0.08)^1) + ($191,000 / (1+0.08)^2) + ($191,000 / (1+0.08)^3) + ($191,000 / (1+0.08)^4) + ($89,000 + $135,000 / (1+0.08)^5)

NPV = -$43,000 + $177,314 + $159,310 + $143,099 + $128,090 + $192,295

NPV = $756,108

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Assuming that a secure baseline operating system is planned for wide deployment, there may be another solution available.

One option could be to use a secure virtual machine or container environment that runs on top of the existing operating system. This would allow for a secure environment to be created without the need to completely replace the existing operating system.

The virtual machine or container can be isolated from the host operating system, providing an added layer of security.

Additionally, it may be easier to deploy and manage compared to a complete replacement of the operating system. Ultimately, the best solution will depend on the specific security requirements and limitations of the organization.

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The answer is D, $4,937.5 billion because we can use the formula for calculating the maximum amount of deposits in the banking system, given the reserve requirement and the amount of reserves held. This formula is:

Maximum deposits = (reserves + excess reserves) / reserve requirement

In this case, we are given that the reserves are $400 billion, the reserve requirement is 8%, and the excess reserves are $5 billion. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:

Maximum deposits = ($400 billion + $5 billion) / 0.08 = $5,012.5 billion

However, this is the maximum amount of deposits that the banking system can hold, not the actual level of deposits. Since the excess reserves are $5 billion, the actual level of deposits must be lower than the maximum by that amount. Therefore, we subtract $5 billion from the maximum to get the actual level of deposits:

Actual deposits = Maximum deposits - excess reserves
= $5,012.5 billion - $5 billion
= $4,937.5 billion

Therefore, the answer is D, $4,937.5 billion.

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The provided Python function 'is_power' checks if a given number 'a' is a power of 'b'. It utilizes the 'is_divisible' function from a previous class. The function returns True if 'a' is a power of 'b' and False otherwise.

Here's an implementation of the is_power function in Python:

def is_divisible(a, b):

   return a % b == 0

def is_power(a, b):

   if a == 1:

       return True

   elif a < b:

       return False

   elif is_divisible(a, b):

       return is_power(a / b, b)

   else:

       return False

The function first checks if a is equal to 1, in which case it is a power of any number b. If a is less than b, it is not a power of b. Otherwise, the function checks if a is divisible by b. If it is, it recursively calls itself with a/b and b as arguments. If a is not divisible by b, it is not a power of b.

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The major cost saving associated with Just-In-Time (JIT) systems comes from- D. reduced spending on Customer Relationship Management (CRM) activities.

JIT systems focus on producing and delivering products exactly when they are needed, minimizing inventory and storage costs. By streamlining operations and closely monitoring customer demand, companies can allocate resources more efficiently and reduce spending on CRM activities.

This is because the improved efficiency of JIT systems allows for better customer satisfaction, reducing the need for extensive CRM efforts.

Ultimately, JIT systems lead to cost savings by optimizing production processes and minimizing excess inventory, while also indirectly reducing CRM expenses.

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There are 2002 different ways through which nine indistinguishable balls be placed into six disitnguishable bins.

The stars and bars method states that if we have n identical objects (in this case, nine balls) and want to distribute them into k distinct groups (in this case, six bins), the number of ways to do so is given by (n+k-1) choose (k-1).

In this case, we have nine balls (n = 9) and six bins (k = 6). Applying the formula, we get:

(9+6-1) choose (6-1) = 14 choose 5

Calculating this value, we have:

14! / (5! * 9!) = 2002

hence, it is proved that there are 2002 different ways nine indistinguishable balls be placed into six distinguishable bins.

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Start-up companies often face difficulties obtaining product liability insurance due to their limited operating history, higher risk perception, and lack of established safety records.

Start-up companies face several challenges when it comes to obtaining product liability insurance. Firstly, insurers assess risk based on a company's operating history. Since start-ups are typically in the early stages of their business, they have limited or no track record, making it difficult for insurers to evaluate their risk profile. Without a proven track record of producing safe products, insurers perceive start-ups as higher risk.

Secondly, start-ups often develop innovative or disruptive products, which can introduce uncertainties and unknown risks. New technologies or unconventional business models may lack established safety records, making insurers hesitant to provide coverage. Additionally, start-ups may lack the necessary safety protocols, quality control processes, and risk management systems that insurers look for when underwriting product liability policies.

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The volume of the cube is approximately (∛30)^3 cubic units.

To find the volume of the cube, we need to determine the length of one side since all sides of a cube are equal.

Let's assume that the length of one side of the cube is represented by "s".

Since a pyramid that fits exactly inside the cube has a volume of 10 cubic feet, we can set up the equation:

(1/3) * base area * height = 10

The base area of the pyramid is equal to the area of one face of the cube, which is s^2. The height of the pyramid is also equal to the side length of the cube, which is s.

Substituting these values into the equation, we get:

(1/3) * s^2 * s = 10

Simplifying further:

s^3/3 = 10

Multiplying both sides by 3:

s^3 = 30

Taking the cube root of both sides:

s = ∛30

Therefore, the length of one side of the cube is approximately ∛30.

To find the volume of the cube, we cube the length of one side:

Volume = (s)^3 = (∛30)^3

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The statement" SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate) is based on a deeper pool of actual transactions than LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate). " is TRUE. This is because SOFR is calculated based on transactions in the overnight repurchase agreement (repo) market, where financial institutions borrow and lend cash overnight, using U.S. Treasury securities as collateral.

In contrast, LIBOR is based on the average of estimates submitted by a panel of banks, who report the rates at which they would be able to borrow from other banks in the London interbank market. This means that LIBOR is based on an estimate of what banks think they would pay to borrow, rather than actual transactions.
The repo market, on which SOFR is based, is much larger and more active than the interbank market on which LIBOR is based. This means that SOFR is based on a more robust set of actual transactions, making it a more reliable and accurate benchmark rate for financial transactions.
Overall, the shift towards using SOFR as a benchmark rate for financial transactions reflects a broader trend towards using more transparent and reliable rates that are based on actual transactions rather than estimates or subjective opinions.

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The matrix organizational structure accommodates growth relatively easily.

A matrix organizational structure is a type of organizational design that combines elements of both functional and project-based structures. In a matrix structure, employees are grouped based on their functional expertise, such as marketing, finance, or engineering, while also being assigned to project teams.

This allows for a dual reporting relationship where employees report to both a functional manager and a project manager.

The matrix structure is often used in organizations that operate in complex and dynamic environments, where multiple projects and cross-functional collaboration are essential. It provides several benefits

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The operating cycle for this business is 65 days

In this case, the days' sales in inventory is 55 days, meaning it takes the company 55 days to sell its inventory. The average collection period is 20 days, which is the average amount of time it takes for the company to collect payments from its customers. The average payment period is 10 days, which is the average amount of time it takes for the company to pay its suppliers.
To calculate the operating cycle, we add the days' sales in inventory (55) and the average collection period (20), which equals 75. We then subtract the average payment period (10) from this total, which gives us an operating cycle of 65 days.
Therefore, the operating cycle for this business is 65 days. This means that it takes the company 65 days to convert its inventory into cash, collect payments from customers, and pay its suppliers. This information can be used to help manage cash flow and optimize the company's working capital.

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The operating cycle can be calculated by adding the days' sales in inventory to the average collection period, and then subtracting the average payment period.

Operating cycle = Days' sales in inventory + Average collection period - Average payment period

Operating cycle = 55 + 20 - 10

Therefore, the operating cycle is 65 days.

This means that it takes the company 65 days to convert its inventory into sales, collect payments from its customers, and pay its suppliers. The operating cycle is an important measure of the efficiency of a company's working capital management, as it reflects the amount of time that its cash is tied up in the production and sales process. By reducing the operating cycle, a company can free up cash for other uses, such as investment in growth opportunities or debt reduction.

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Orlando earned $455.00 less in total due to his early withdrawal from the CD. The correct answer is d. $455.00.

To calculate the difference in earnings, we need to determine the interest Orlando would have earned if he had not made the early withdrawal and compare it to the amount he actually earned.

The CD had a term of 8 years and a simple annual interest rate of 6.5%. After 5 years, Orlando decided to withdraw $3,500. Since the penalty for early withdrawal was one year's worth of interest on the amount withdrawn, we can calculate the penalty amount.

The penalty amount for early withdrawal would be 6.5% of $3,500, which is $227.50.

Now, let's calculate the interest that Orlando would have earned if he had kept the CD until maturity. The interest earned for the remaining 3 years would be 6.5% of $16,000, which is $3,120.

The difference in earnings is the penalty amount minus the interest Orlando would have earned in those 3 years, which is:

$227.50 - $3,120 = -$2,892.50.

Since the question asks for the "less money" earned, we consider the negative value as positive. Therefore, Orlando earned $2,892.50 less, which is rounded to $455.00.

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(a) Norton has a loss of $12,220 in other comprehensive income for 2014.

(b) Norton's comprehensive income for 2014 is $18,590.

(a) Norton's other comprehensive income (loss) for 2014 can be calculated by subtracting the unexpected asset gain from the actuarial liability loss and adding the beginning balance of accumulated other comprehensive income.

Other comprehensive income (loss) = Actuarial liability loss - Unexpected asset gain + Accumulated other comprehensive income (G/L) (beginning balance)

= $25,020 - $21,320 + $8,520

= $12,220 (loss)

Therefore, Norton has a loss of $12,220 in other comprehensive income for 2014.

(b) Comprehensive income for Norton in 2014 can be calculated by adding net income and other comprehensive income (loss).

Comprehensive income = Net income + Other comprehensive income (loss)

= $30,810 - $12,220

= $18,590

Therefore, Norton's comprehensive income for 2014 is $18,590. It is important to note that comprehensive income includes items that are not reported in the income statement, such as gains and losses on pension plans, and therefore provides a more comprehensive view of the company's financial performance.

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The entry on June 1:

Cash 34,000

Notes Payable 34,000

When Sunland Company Ltd borrows 34,000 from Acme Bank on June 1, the transaction is recorded by increasing the Cash account and recognizing a liability in the form of Notes Payable.

The Cash account is debited for 34,000, representing the inflow of cash from the bank. On the other side, the Notes Payable account is credited for 34,000 to indicate the obligation to repay the loan.

This entry reflects the initial recognition of the loan and establishes the principal amount borrowed.

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If Zoey chooses PS3, Amy's best response is PS3 with a payoff of 400. If Zoey chooses Wii, Amy's best response is Wii with a payoff of 3400.
There are two Nash equilibria in this game: (PS3, PS3) and (Wii, Wii).
Hi there! In this payoff matrix, we can identify the best responses for both Amy and Zoey and then find the Nash equilibria.
1. If Zoey chooses PS3, Amy's best response is PS3 (payoff of 3000) since it's greater than the payoff for choosing Wii (300).
Amy's payoff: 3000
2. If Zoey chooses Wii, Amy's best response is Wii (payoff of 4000) since it's greater than the payoff for choosing PS3 (40).
Amy's payoff: 4000
There is one Nash equilibrium in this game: (PS3, PS3), where both Amy and Zoey choose PS3, as their payoffs are the highest in this scenario (3000 for Amy and 5000 for Zoey).

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Most federal and state entities rely on the criteria for independent contractor status identified by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

The IRS provides guidelines and factors to determine whether a worker should be classified as an independent contractor or an employee. These criteria, outlined in IRS Publication 15-A, include factors such as the level of control over the worker, the nature of the relationship, the method of payment, and the presence of a written contract.

These guidelines are used to determine the worker's tax status and to ensure compliance with employment laws, including payment of taxes and benefits. While individual states may have their own additional criteria, the IRS guidelines serve as a primary reference for determining independent contractor status.

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If Terrell can produce more bagels in one day than Zori can produce in one day, then Terrell has a comparative advantage in the production of bagels. Comparative advantage refers to the ability of an individual, firm, or country.

To produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another. In this case, Terrell is able to produce more bagels than Zori in the same amount of time, which means that he has a lower opportunity cost of producing bagels than Zori. However, it does not necessarily mean that Zori should not produce bagels at all. It is possible that Zori has a comparative advantage in producing a different good or service. For example, Zori may be better at making muffins than bagels and thus has a lower opportunity cost of producing muffins than Terrell. In this case, it would make sense for Zori to focus on producing muffins while Terrell produces bagels. Terrell has a comparative advantage in the production of bagels, but it does not necessarily mean that Zori should not produce bagels at all. It depends on their respective opportunity costs of producing different goods or services.

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False.
While Mio Drops may not be a high-tech innovation, they still involve some level of technology in terms of their production and packaging.

Additionally, the fact that they are a convenient and customizable alternative to traditional bottled beverages can be seen as a form of innovation. However, in terms of being a "low-tech source", there may be other examples that fit this description better, such as simple tools or processes that have been used for centuries without significant changes.
In any case, it's important to remember that innovation can come from a variety of sources and doesn't always have to involve cutting-edge technology. Sometimes, the simplest solutions can have the biggest impact.

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