The emission spectrum of sodium is shown below. What do the two bright
yellow vertical lines in the spectrum show about sodium atoms?

Valence bond theory, Lewis theory and the molecular orbital theory are the three bonding theories in chemistry. Molecular geometry is the three dimensional arrangement of atoms in the molecule.

Bonding theories are the vital postulates in chemistry that provide the basic information regarding the bonds present in a particular molecule. Three bonding theories are Lewis theory, valence bond theory, and molecular orbital theory. In Lewis theory, the electrons and lone pairs are symbolized as dots surrounding the atom. In valence bond theory, electrons are shared among orbitals of atoms, that forms bonds.  In molecular orbital theory, two atomic orbitals combine to make a molecular orbital. Bonding theories are very significant as they maintain the orientation in a bond. They provide information on the sort of bond present in the molecule, the sort of bonding taking place to form a simple or complex compound.

Molecular geometry is also known as the molecular structure. It is the three-dimensional structure or arrangement of atoms in a molecule. Helps to understand the molecular structure of a compound. It helps to determine the polarity, reactivity, phase of matter, color, magnetism, as well as the biological activity.

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The complete question is,

Explain bonding Theories and molecular geometry.

A sample of ammonium phosphate, (NH4)3PO4 contains 18 moles of hydrogen atoms.

Ammonium phosphate is NH4PO4, in one particle of this, they are 4 hydrogen atoms. 1 mole = 6.022x10^23 atoms/molecules (Avogadro's constant). So, 2 moles of hydrogen in 1 mole of H2O. One mole of Water is collected from 1 mole of Oxygen and two moles of Hydrogen.

By this definition, one mole of hydrogen is 2.016 grams, one mole of methane is 16.043 grams, and one mole of water is 18.015 grams. n one mole of hydrogen atoms, there exist roughly 6.02⋅1023 hydrogen atoms. Use the mass of the hydrogen gas to compute the gas moles directly; divide the hydrogen weight by its molar mass of 2 g/mole. For instance, 250 grams (g) of hydrogen gas corresponds

So we can conclude that There are 2 moles of hydrogen in 1 mole of water.

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The size of the human population is affected by several factors, including age structure, survivorship rate, fertility, and migration.

Fertility rate refers to the number of children born to women of childbearing age. A population with a high fertility rate is likely to have a higher potential for population growth.

Migration refers to the movement of individuals into or out of a population. A population with high levels of immigration is likely to have a higher potential for population growth, while a population with high levels of emigration is likely to have a lower potential for population growth.

Therefore, It is difficult to predict the size of the human population with certainty, as it depends on many complex factors and can be affected by unexpected events. However, based on current trends and projections, it is likely that the human population will continue to grow in the coming decades, although at a slower rate than in the past.

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Answer:

an -OH end from one molecule and an H end from another

Explanation:

hope this helps

atomic weight of H2O=18

atomic weight of methanol=32

mole =gram weight/atomic weight

mole of H2O = 18/18=1

mole of CH3OH =32/32=1

mole fraction of H2O = mole of H2O/mole of H2O+mole of CH3OH

mole fraction of H2O=1/1+1=1/2=0.5

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Answer:

Dog

Zebra

Sing

Yoga

Gaming

Cooking

The process is this balanced equation is I₂ + I⁻ = I⁻₃. Molecules of elemental iodine are consist of two atoms of iodine.

Iodine is highly stable halogen. The chemical element iodine have an atomic number 53. The symbol of iodine is "I". It is present in halogen group.

An iodine atom formed by gaining an electron due to its high electron affinity. When it accepts an electron it will become iodide ion (I⁻).

Thus, The process is this balanced equation is I₂ + I⁻ = I⁻₃. Molecules of elemental iodine are consist of two atoms of iodine.

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If the following elements are arranged by increasing atomic radius (from smallest to largest); F, B, Be, O, the correct order would be...F<O<B<Be.

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The object with fixed volume and shape is a solid. When it converts to liquid, it miss the shape but still have a definite volume. Thus, the given phase transition is solid to liquid.

The transition of one state of matter to the other is called phase transition. For example the transition from liquid to solid or solid to gas etc. are phase transitions. Phase transitions are physical changes.

In solid state, the particles are closely packed with strong intermolecular forces. Thus, they have a definite shape and size. In liquid phase, the molecules have some space to move and they lack a perfect shape and assume the shape of the container.

The molecules in gas phase, are far apart and they don't have a shape and volume. Therefore, the given transition is from solid to liquid. Hence, option c is correct.

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There are 9.6 * 10^22 formula units in 4.43 grams of the nitrogen molecule.

We know that the number of the formula units that we have can easily be obtained from the use of the Avogadro's hypothesis. Let us note that we can see that there are 4.43 g of the nitrogen molecules.

We have the number of moles of the nitrogen molecules as;

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

= 4.43/28 g/mol

= 0.16 moles

If 1 mole of the molecule contains 6.02 * 10^23 formula units

0.16 moles would contain 0.16 * 6.02 * 10^23/ 1

= 9.6 * 10^22 formula units

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Answer:

oxides

Explanation:

hope this helps have a good day (:

The lewis structure of the CH₃OH₂⁺ :

     H

      |     ..+

H - C - O - H

      |     |

     H    H

The given molecule is :

CH₃OH₂⁺

The number of the valence electrons of the carbon  = 4

The number of the valence electrons of the hydrogen = 1

The number of the valence electrons of  the oxygen = 6

The lewis structure for the molecule is given as :

   H

      |     ..+

H - C - O - H

      |     |

     H    H

     H

      :     ..+

H : C : O : H

      :     :

     H    H

The compound given has the formal charge of +1.

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The correct answer is 2.03×1/10² mol

500 cm³ = 0.5 L,760 mm of Hg=1 atm.

Now apply the ideal gas law, n= PV/RT

​n= 1×0.5/ 0.0821×300

⟹n=2.03×10 ^−2 mol

What is the ideal gas law?

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Answer: According to the law of conservation of mass, matter can be neither created nor destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another.

Explanation: The law of conservation of mass is one of the fundamental principles of physics, which states that the total mass of a closed system remains constant over time. In other words, matter can be neither created nor destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another, such as through chemical reactions or nuclear reactions. This principle is based on the work of Antoine Lavoisier, who first proposed it in the 18th century.

The mass of the unknown isotope is 16.8.

Let us know that the relative atomic mass would be the weighted average of all the atomic masses of the elements that we have in the question as it has been stated.

Now we can see that we need to collect the masses of all the isotopes because;

Relative atomic mass = Weighted sum of the masses of all the isotopes

Thus;

13.5 = (0.6 * 12.8) + (0.3 * 13.8) + (0.1 *  x)

x = mass of the unknown isotope

x = 13.5 - (7.68 + 4.14)/0.1

x = 16.8

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A conjugated diene and an alkene (dienophile) react to generate unsaturated six-membered rings in the Diels-Alder reaction. The reaction is also known as a "cycloaddition" because it results in the production of a cyclic product via a cyclic transition state.

Bicyclic structures with substituents in the endo position are more likely to arise during Diels-Alder reactions involving cyclic dienes. Diels-Alder reactions can only occur in conjugated dienes with the s-cis structure. A diene cannot conduct a Diels-Alder reaction if it is not conjugated or cannot be in the s-cis configuration. Ring-bound dienes are unable to spin and are thus locked in either an s-cis or an s-trans conformation.

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Answer:

The third planet from the sun is the one you happen to be living on right at this very moment. Yes, that is planet Earth.

Explanation:

It tells us how far the planet we are currently living on is towards our star (aka the sun) which is why that information/statement/claim is important.

The number of nitrogen molecules that reacted with excess hydrogen to make 2 × 10¹⁰  molecules of ammonia is 1 × 10¹⁰ molecules.

Given that :

The molecules of the Ammonia = 2 × 10¹⁰ molecules

The reaction is given as :

3H₂  +  N₂  ⇄ 2NH₃

1 mol = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules

from the reaction it is clear that :

1 mole of the  N₂ will produces the 2 mol of the ammonia.

therefore, 1 molecule of the nitrogen produces 2 mol of the ammonia

molecules of the nitrogen, N₂ = 2 × 10¹⁰ / 2

                                                  = 1 × 10¹⁰ molecules.

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The equations of vapor pressure are :

The colligative properties of the solutions , depend upon the concentration of the solute and not depend of the identity of solute.

The vapor pressure equations are given as :

1) The P° solvent is the pure solvent, X solvent is the mole fraction of the solvent. The equation is given as :

2) The P° solute is the pure solute and the X solute is the mole fraction of the solute. The equation is :

3)  X solvent + X solute = 1 , the equation is :

4) ΔP =  P° solvent - P solvent = X solute × P° solvent

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Every time a magnet was placed close to cathode rays, the same kind of bend occurred.

Describe cathode rays.

cathode ray, a stream of electrons exiting the cathode of a discharge tube that contains a gas at reduced pressure, or electrons released by a filament in some electron tubes.

What makes it a cathode?

Positively charged ions called cations give rise to cathodes, while anions give rise to anodes (negatively charged ions). The cathode is indeed the negative charges electrode in an electrically powered device.

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The hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon is in the cis position to the group in the chair form for the -anomer of D-mannose.

An extremely stable conformation without torsional strain is thought to exist in the chair form of cyclohexane, D-mannose.

Each C-C bond in the six-membered ring that makes up the chair structure is spaced out differently. Mannose is a C2 epimer of glucose and belongs to the aldohexose family of carbohydrates.

D and L-mannose will be mirror images of one another because they are enantiomers. D-mannose will consequently have a structure that is identical to L-mannose.

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The number of moles of fluorine atoms are in 5.50 moles of Freon is 11 moles.

The mole is the amount of a substance that contains exactly as many molecules, atoms, radicals, ions, or electrons as there are in 12 grams of 12C.

The moles of atoms of an element present in a compound is obtained from the formula of the compound.
The moles of fluorine atoms present in 5.50 moles of Freon (CCl₂F₂) is obtained as follows:

From the formula of Freon, there are 2 moles of fluorine atoms in 1 mole of Freon.

In 5.50 moles of Freon, there will be 5.5 * 2 moles of fluorine = 11 moles of fluorine atoms.

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The grams of ammonia (NH₃) can be produced from the reaction of 28 grams of nitrogen gas with an excess of hydrogen gas is 34 g.

The reaction is given as :

3H₂  +   N₂  ---->  2NH₃

The mass of the Nitrogen gas = 28 g

Moles of the  N₂  = mass / molar mass

                            = 28 / 28 g/mol

                            = 1 mol

The 1 mole of the  N₂ produces the 2 moles of the NH₃

Therefore , the moles of the NH₃ = 1 × 2

                                                       = 2 mol

The mass of the ammonia, NH₃ = moles × molar mass

                                                     = 2 × 17

                                                     = 34 g

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Around 3600 degrees Celsius is the temperature at which graphite melts, but it sublimes rather than melting. Tetrahedrally organised carbon atoms are found in diamond, whereas there are an infinite number of carbon atoms in graphite.

The temperature at which a substance transforms from a solid into a liquid is known as its melting point. The temperature at which a substance transforms from a solid into a liquid is known as its melting point. The balance between the solid and liquid phases is reached at the melting point. Pressure affects a substance's melting point, which is often reported at a standard pressure of 1 atmosphere, or 100 kPa. The melting point is the fixed temperature at which a solid transforms into a liquid. For instance, at 0°C, ice cubes begin to melt and turn from a solid to a liquid.

By placing a small amount of an organic solid in a tiny capillary tube, affixing it to the stem of a thermometer centred in a heating bath, and gradually heating the bath, one may calculate the temperature at which melting begins and finishes. Melting points are frequently used to describe and rate the purity of organic and inorganic crystalline substances. Pure compounds melt at a fairly narrow temperature range of 0.5 to 1 °C, whereas contaminated, impure chemicals frequently show a huge melting gap.

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The given chemical reaction can be balanced as written below:

[tex]\rm 4 Fe + 3O_{2} \rightarrow 2 Fe_{2}O_{3}[/tex].

The balanced equation of a chemical reaction represents the perfect stoichiometry of all the reactants and products. Thus, the total mass in the reactant side must be equal to the total mass in the product side.

The number of each element in the reactant side must be equal with their number in the product side. In the given reaction, there are 2 Fe and 3 O in the product side.

To balance the number of oxygen, multiply by 3 in the reactant side and by 2 in the product side. Then we get 6 oxygens in both side. Now there are 4 Fe in the product side. Then put 4 to the Fe in the reactant side as written in the reaction above.

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Answer: Yes, the cells of a plant can vary depending on the type of plant.

Explanation: All plants are made up of cells, which are the basic building blocks of life. These cells are organized into tissues and organs, which work together to allow the plant to perform functions such as photosynthesis and reproduction. However, different types of plants have evolved to have specific adaptations in their cells to suit their environment, for example, cactus have thick walls to survive in dry conditions and moss have small cells to absorb water quickly. As a result, the structure and function of plant cells can differ between different species of plants.

Answer:

1232 g of carbon dioxide are formed

Explanation:

As octane is being burned it would be combustion reaction.

writing the balanced equation:

C8H18 + 25/2 O2 →  9 H2O + 8 CO2

now stepping up mole ratio from the balanced equation:

                   moles of octane    :      moles of carbon dioxide

                               1                  :                    8

                                3.5             :                    X

X = 3.5 x 8 = 28

therefore when 3.5 moles of octane are burned in air 28 moles of carbon dioxide are evolved.

now in order to calculate the mass of CO2 formed

molar mass of CO2 = 12 + (16 x 2) = 44g

now calculating the mass of 28 moles:

                          moles : mass

                              1      : 44 g

                              28  :   X

X = 28 x 44 = 1232 g

1232 g of CO2 are formed