Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of compounds. A small amount of the mixture is spotted on a TLC plate, which is coated with a thin layer of an adsorbent material, such as silica gel or alumina.
The plate is then placed in a developing chamber containing a solvent system, which travels up the plate by capillary action, carrying the mixture with it.
Different compounds in the mixture will travel at different rates on the plate, depending on their chemical properties and how strongly they interact with the adsorbent material.
Once the solvent system has traveled a sufficient distance up the plate, it is removed from the developing chamber and the plate is allowed to dry. The resulting spots on the plate can be visualized under ultraviolet light or by using a developing reagent.
The Rf value, which is the distance traveled by a compound divided by the distance traveled by the solvent, can be used to identify and compare compounds on the plate.
Based on this information, I can explain how the TLC plate might be used to answer the questions posed in the prompt:
(a) To determine if the reaction went to completion, one could compare the spot for the starting material (acetanilide) with the spots for the unrecrystallized and recrystallized products.
If the spot for the starting material is still visible in one or both of the product lanes, it suggests that the reaction did not go to completion and some starting material remains.
(b) To determine if the desired product was obtained, one could compare the spots for the unrecrystallized and recrystallized products with the spots for pure para-nitroaniline and pure ortho-nitroaniline.
If the spots for the products match the spot for pure para-nitroaniline, it suggests that the desired product was obtained.
(c) To determine if the product was a mixture, one could compare the spots for the unrecrystallized and recrystallized products. If there are multiple spots in one or both lanes, it suggests that the product is a mixture.
(d) To determine if the final product was pure, one would need to compare the spot for the recrystallized product with the spots for the starting material and the impure product.
If the spot for the recrystallized product is a single, sharp spot with an Rf value that matches the Rf value for pure para-nitroaniline, it suggests that the final product is a pure compound.
To know more about chromatography refer home
https://brainly.com/question/31857177#
#SPJ11
Alkaline (cold) perms(stronger)
What’s the approximate pH level?
What’s the main ingredient?
Is there a longer or shorter processing time?
The scale contains values from 0, which is the most acidic, to 14, which is an agricultural product that, though not always by weight majority, is the distinguishing or unique element in a cottage food product.
What differentiates one cuisine from another?A cuisine is a type of food distinguished by unique materials, preparation methods, and meals, and it is frequently related to a particular culture or geographical area. Dishes that are specific to a place are made possible by regional food preparation methods, customs, and ingredients.
Why is it vital to be aware of the many types of ingredients?To assess if a food product is a good decision or not, the ingredient list is the best resource you have at your disposal. In actuality, there is no other way to tell if a product is derived from actual food or if it also contains additives, added sugars, and vegetable oils.
To know more about distinctive ingredient visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30141107
#SPJ4
Predict the products of the following reactants: Cu + AlCl3 -->
A. 3Cu + 2AlCl3 --> 3CuCl2 + 2Al
B. Cu + AlCl3 --> CO2 + H2O
C. Cu + AlCl3 --> AlCuCl3
D. No reaction will occur
The products of the reactants: 3 Cu +2 AlCl₃ → 3CuCl₂ + 2Al.
What is the chemical equation?A chemical equation involves reactants, formed products, and an arrow indicating the direction of the reaction.
The chemical equation in which the number of atoms of every involved element is equal on both sides of the equation is known as a balanced chemical equation.
The law of conservation of mass needed to be followed by a chemical equation. The total mass of the elements on the reactant side will be equal to the total mass of elements on the product side in any balanced chemical equation.
Learn more about the chemical equation, here:
brainly.com/question/28294176
#SPJ1
Which of the following represents the second ionisation
energy of boron?
A B(g) → B²*(g) + 2e AH = + 2427 kJ mol-¹
B B*(g) → B²*(g) + e AH = + 2427 kJ mol-¹
C B(g) → B²(g) + 2e AH = -2427 kJ mot¹
D B*(g) → B²+ (g) + e AH = -2427 kJ mol-¹
E
Which of the following characteristics of halogens is not
correct?
Their ionization energy decreases as atomic
a numbers increase
b
Their electronegativity decreases as atomic
numbers increase
с
Their electron affinity decreases as atomic
numbers increase
d None of the above
Answer: The correct answer is d - None of the Above.
Explanation: Halogens have increasing electron affinity as their atomic numbers increase, while their ionization energy and electronegativity both decrease as atomic numbers increase.
Draw a Lewis structure for the urea molecule, CO(NH2)2CO(NH2)2.
Draw the Lewis dot structure for urea. Include all lone pairs of electrons.
A Lewis Structure is a significantly condensed illustration of the valence shell electrons of a molecule. It serves to illustrate how the electrons surround the character atoms of a molecule.
Water: Is It a Molecule?Atoms come together to form molecules. The two atoms a water molecule are either two hydrolysis (H) atom but one oxid (O) atom. As a result, water is sometimes shortened as H2O. One teaspoon of liquid contains billions of water molecules.
What sets a compound apart from a molecule?A molecule is a group of three or maybe more atoms connected by chemical bonds. A composite is a mixture created by the chemical fusion of a number of distinct types of components.
To know more about molecule visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29750383
#SPJ4
Among the different types of scientific knowledge,
are likely to be modified or discarded most frequently. Long ago, in the 1600s, scientists discarded the phlogiston theory because
Many people in the early days of science thought that combustible stuff was made of a component called phlogiston that this substance was emitted during the burning of combustible things.
A combustible material is what?
Combustible materials are those that, when exposed to fire or heat, will ignite, burn, sustain combustion, or produce flammable gases in the form and circumstances anticipated for their application. Combustible materials include rubber, plastics, rubberized materials, and wood.
What gases are combustible?
A gas that really can ignite inside the air or with oxygen is said to be combustible. Gases like hydrogen, methane, propane, and iso-butane are examples of flammable gases. In the existence of an ignition source, a mixture containing a particular amount of flammable oxygen and gas will explode. The most common reason for gas explosion accidents is combustible gas.
To know more about combustible visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13153771
#SPJ1
10. A chemist wants to make calcium phosphate using the following reaction:
2K3PO4 (aq) + 3CaCl₂ (aq) → Cas(PO4)2 (s) + 6KCl (aq)
culu
If he has extra calcium chloride and 750.0 mL of a 1.8 M solution of potassium
phosphate, how many grams of calcium phosphate can he produce?
Answer:
So the chemist can produce 418.7 grams of calcium phosphate.
Explanation:
We can start the problem by using the balanced chemical equation for the reaction and the stoichiometry to determine the amount of calcium phosphate that can be produced.
2K3PO4 (aq) + 3CaCl2 (aq) → Ca3(PO4)2 (s) + 6KCl (aq)
From the balanced equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of potassium phosphate (K3PO4) reacted, 1 mole of calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) is produced.
We are given that the chemist has 750.0 mL of a 1.8 M solution of potassium phosphate. We can convert this information into moles by using the formula:
moles = concentration x volume
moles = 1.8 M x (750.0 mL) / 1000 mL/L = 1.35 moles
To find the number of grams of calcium phosphate that can be produced we can use the molar mass of calcium phosphate which is 310.18 g/mol
grams = moles x molar mass
grams = 1.35 x 310.18 = 418.7 grams
So the chemist can produce 418.7 grams of calcium phosphate.
Arrange the oxoacids of bromine according to strength.
Strongest acid
Weakest acid
Answer :
a. HBrO2
b. HBrO
c. HBrO3
d. HBrO4
Oxoacids get more acidic as the number of oxidations on the halogen rises.
Perchloric acid is the most potent acid there is. As NH 4Br is an acidic salt, the solution will be acidic even though the Br ions come from a strong acid (HBr), but the NH 4 + ions come from a weak base (NH 3). Br2 is therefore regarded as a mild Lewis acid. Large acceptor atoms in soft acids have a low positive charge, are highly polarisable, and have poor electronegativity. One of the finest nucleophiles, the bromide ion is a poor base. It chooses to take on a nucleophilic role.
To find more on acidic refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/24255408
#SPJ4
Please help Chemistry
What is the percent yield of Fe2S3
if 284 g Fe2S3 are collected, rather
than the 863 g Fe2S3 expected
through calculation?
2FeBr3 +3Na₂S → Fe2S3 + 6NaBr
[ ? ]%
The percent yield of [tex]Fe_2S_3[/tex], according to the given parameters, would be 32.91%.
Percent yieldThe percent yield of a particular product from a reaction is the actual amount of that product formed relative to the stoichiometric or theoretical amount that is supposed to be formed.
The percent yield of a reaction can be mathematically expressed as:
Percent yield = actual yield/theoretical yield x 100%
In this case:
Actual yield = 284 g
Theoretical yield = 863 g
Percent yield = 284/863 x 100
= 32.91%
In other words, the percent yield of [tex]Fe_2S_3[/tex] according to the given parameters would be 32.91%.
More on percent yield can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/2506978
#SPJ1
Answer:
first answer is correct in accellus
Explanation:
How to work out rate of reaction
I wasn't here to learn this can someone help me
A debate among scientists on how new species form is based on speciation.
Divergence explains how organisms on Earth are related because it shows how species are similar or different.
Genes play the role in diversity of carrying information that results in changes from one generation to the next.
Natural selection is part of evolution because it explains why attributes are either in existence or have gone extinct.
What do scientists debate about how species are formed ?One of the main debates among scientists on how new species form centers around the concept of speciation. There are two main hypotheses for speciation: allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation.
Divergence is the process by which different populations or species of organisms evolve from a common ancestor over time. This process is responsible for the diversity of life on Earth. By studying the similarities and differences between different organisms, scientists can infer evolutionary relationships.
Genes are the basic units of inheritance that carry information from one generation to the next. They play a crucial role in creating diversity among organisms. The genetic diversity of a population is the result of mutations, gene flow, and genetic drift.
The theory of natural selection is one of the most important and widely accepted explanations for the diversity of life on Earth. It is the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population over time, depending on their impact on the survival and reproduction of the organisms that possess them.
Find out more on natural selection at https://brainly.com/question/23929271
#SPJ1
Equipment not kept in your assigned lab drawer is called:
Shared equipment
Departmental equipment
Lab equipment
Community equipment
Equipment not kept in your assigned lab drawer is called: Shared equipment
Departmental equipment are the set of things that is to be used by all the people of department and not necessarily have to be a research equipment. This kind of equipment mostly include some simple machineries and all purpose equipment that can also be used out of the laboratory.
Lab equipment are strictly research related things but can be used for various projects and not strictly used for a particular project. This kind of equipment can be used by research scholars as well as undergraduate or postgraduate student group.
Community equipment are also research related thing but unlike Lab equipment it is used by a group of students or research scholars who are involved in same project or similar kind of project and can't be shared commonly among all the students.
A shared equipment is research related thing but unlike Community equipment it is not shared among the scholars of similar kind of different projects. Shared equipment is assigned for a single group for a particular project and can be shared among the group members only. No members of the group can acquire it all alone.
To know more about Laboratory equipment here:
https://brainly.com/question/18315601#
#SPJ4
What is the empirical formula of a hypothetical compound that is 96%s and 4% h? you can do this problem easily in your head or with a piece of scratch paper.
The empiric formula to that compound is S₃H₄. Empirical formula is the proportion of the element that is available in a compound.
How to find the emperical formula of that compound?To find the formula for that compound, we have to know the mole ration of its atoms. As per given data only mass of s = 96% and h = 4%. We have to assume mass of the compound as x. Then calculate the ratio as follow:
S mole value : H mole value = (96x : 32.07) : (4x : 1.008)
S mole value : H mole value = 3x : 4x
Let divide the ratio with x
S mole value : H mole value = 3 : 4
After we get the ration, make the empiric formula based on it where the result:
S(mole value)H(mole value) = S₃H₄
Learn more about empiric formula here
https://brainly.com/question/1603500
#SPJ4
If a jug hold 5 gallon of water. If a gla hold 4 oz of water, how many glae can be drawn from the water jug
The water in the 5-gallon jug will fill 160 glasses.
According to the issue, a glass carries 4 ounces of water while a jug holds 5 gallons. We must convert the jug's volume from gallons to ounces and divide it by the volume of glass in order to determine how many glasses can be filled from it.
The water in the jug needs to be converted from gallons to ounces first. A gallon contains 128 ounces, hence 5 gallons of water equal 5×128 = 640 ounces.
The amount of water in the glass is then divided by the amount of water in the jug. If a glass holds four ounces, then 160 glasses can be filled from the jug, or 640 divided by four.
It's vital to note that we are converting between units in this problem using the rule that 1 gallon = 128 ounces. This conversion factor is based on the units of a gallon and an ounce, which are both common measurements.
We can simply convert gallons to ounces using this conversion factor, which enables us to perform the calculations required to get the solution.
In conclusion, by dividing the volume of the 5-gallon jug of water by the volume of glass, 160 glasses can be filled from it. To accomplish this, we must use a conversion factor to convert water measured in gallons to ounces.
Learn more about gallon at
https://brainly.com/question/19638640
#SPJ4
Glucose can be found in foods like honey. What happens to glucose in the body?
Answer: Unused glucose is stored mainly in the liver as glycogen.
Explanation: The body breaks down most carbohydrates from the foods we eat and converts them to a type of sugar called glucose. Glucose is the main source of fuel for our cells. When the body doesn't need to use glucose for energy, it stores it in the liver and muscles. This stored form of glucose is made up of many connected glucose molecules and is called glycogen. When the body needs a quick boost of energy or when the body isn't getting glucose from food, glycogen is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream to be used as fuel for the cells.
When the body doesn't need to use glucose for energy, it stores it in the liver and muscles.
A value of 25 °C is a measurement of
O distance.
O density.
O mass.
O volume.
O temperature
The air pressure at the top of Mount
Everest is about 199 mm Hg.
What is the pressure on Everest in
atmospheres?
[?] atm
Answer:
[tex]\huge\boxed{\sf 0.26 \ atm}[/tex]
Explanation:
Given that,
Atmospheric pressure = 199 mm Hg
To convert mm Hg to atm, we divide by 760.So,
Pressure = 199/760 atm
Pressure = 0.26 atm[tex]\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]
What is happening to the light when you see a green object?
A: The green light is absorbed
B: The green light is reflected .
C: The green light goes through the object.
Answer:
A. The green light is absorbed
How would you measure 20 grams of salt?
20 grams of salt can be accurately weighed using an electronic balance. For measuring, we can use s filter paper or other thin sheets to take the salt.
What is an electronic balance ?An electronic balance is a used to weigh substances. Solid as well as liquids substances can be accurately weighed using an electronic balance. It is more accurate and easy to use in comparison with with the conventional balances.
Powder samples can be easily weighed out using electronic balances. First we have to tier the weight of the container or the paper on which the substance to be weighed is taken.
20 g of salt can be easily measured out using an electronic balance. Using this device we can take measurements with two or four decimal places as well.
Find more on electronic balance:
https://brainly.com/question/24525668
#SPJ1
Use the following Ionic Compounds to write Disassociation Equations:
1.) Ca^+2 and NO3^-1
2.) Fe^+2 and SO4^-2
3.) Al^+3 and PO4^-3
4.) Pb^+2 and CrO4^-2
4.) Pb^+2 and CrO4^-2
When Pb^+2 and CrO4^-2 ions are dissolved in water, they will dissociate into their individual ions. The equation for this is:
PbCrO4 --> Pb^+2 + CrO4^-2
It's worth noting that these equations are showing the dissociation of the ionic compounds in aqueous solution. The degree of dissociation depends on the nature of the compound and the conditions of the solution, and it may not be 100%.
How is our modern understanding of atomic structure different from thomson’s plum pudding model?
So the plum pudding model is different from the hard-sphere model of the atom because in the hard sphere model of the atom, the atom is the smallest division of matter.
What is atom?Atom, smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles. It also is the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristic properties of a chemical element. As such, the atom is the basic building block of chemistry.Investigate varying electron configurations in electron shells around an atom's nucleus.Investigate varying electron configurations in electron shells around an atom's nucleus See all videos for this articleMost of the atom is empty space. The rest consists of a positively charged nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is small and dense compared with the electrons, which are the lightest charged particles in nature. Electrons are attracted to any positive charge by their electric force; in an atom, electric forces bind the electrons to the nucleus.To learn more about electron refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/860094
#SPJ4
PLEASE HELP IM ON A TIMER
a) The percentage abundance shows the amount of the isotope
b) The relative atomic mass is 122.5 amu
c) The Rutherford's model explained the planetary model of the atom.
What is the relative abundance?We have to know that the elements that we are considering must be composed of isotopes. The isotopes of the elements that we have have the same atomic number but does not have the same mass number of the element that we are looking at here.
For us to get the relative atomic mass of the element X;
Relative atomic mass = Weighted average of all the isotopes
As such we have;
(121 * 0.432) + (123 * 0.531) + (129 * 0.0370)
52.27 + 65.31 + 4.773
=122.35 amu
The Rutherford model of the atom was one of the earliest among the models of the atom and it helped in the understanding of the atom.
Learn more about atoms:https://brainly.com/question/13654549
#SPJ1
Calculate the number of molecules present in 0.45 moles of H2O2.
Answer: 2.7099 × 10²² molecules
Explanation:
1 mole of H₂O₂ = 6.022 × 10²² molecules of H₂O₂
No . of molecules in 0.45 moles of H₂O₂ = 0.45 × 6.022 × 10²²
= 45/ 100 × 6.022 × 10²²
= 270.99 /100 × 10²²
= 2.7099 × 10²² molecules
∴ The no. of molecules present in 0.45 moles of H₂O₂ are 2.7099 × 10²² molecules .
How do you think the atoms in metal elements are different from those in nonmetals or metalloids?
Explanation:
Metaloids and nonmetals are more likely to have the properties of liquids and gases.Though they can be elements and compounds like metals, it is less likely for you to see metaloids and nonmetals in a solid state like metals.
Hope this helps !
draw the electron configuration for a neutral atom of iron.
The electron configuration for a neutral atom of iron (Fe) is [Ar] 3d^6 4s^2
The electron configuration is a way of describing the arrangement of electrons in an atom. It is written by listing the various electron shells and the number of electrons in each shell. In the case of iron, it has 26 electrons, which are arranged in the following way:
1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^6
The first two electrons go in the 1s orbital. The next two electrons go in the 2s orbital, and then six electrons go in the 2p orbitals. The next two electrons go in the 3s orbital, six electrons go in the 3p orbitals, and the last two electrons go in the 4s orbital. The last 6 electrons go in the 3d orbitals. The electron configuration shows that the last six electrons in the 3d orbitals are the valence electrons which are responsible for chemical reactions.
The element Iron (Fe) belongs to the group 8 of the periodic table, the elements of this group are known as transition elements, which have an incomplete d-subshell.
To know more about Iron (Fe) click below:
https://brainly.com/question/18500540#
#SPJ4
1. How many atoms would make 7.31 moles of potassium?
The number of atoms that would make 7.31 moles of potassium is 4.40 × 10²⁴ atoms.
How to calculate number of atoms?The number of atoms in a substance can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles in the substance by Avogadro's number as follows:
According to this question, there are 7.31 moles of pottasium. The number of atoms can be calculated as follows:
no of atoms = 7.31 moles × 6.02 × 10²³
no of atoms = 4.40 × 10²⁴
Therefore, 4.40 × 10²⁴ atoms is the number of atoms in pottasium.
Learn more about number of atoms at: https://brainly.com/question/14190064
#SPJ1
How is our modern understanding of atomic structure different from thomson plum pudding model?
The negatively charged electron in the plum pudding model, however, is smaller than an atom and is negatively charged.
How does the nuclear model of the Rutherford scattering experiment compare to the plum pudding model?Electrons with a negative charge were encased in a positive charge, or "soup," in Thomson's plum pudding atom model. Rutherford's experiment with gold foil demonstrated that the majority of an atom is made up of empty space, with a small, compact, positively-charged nucleus. Rutherford put forth the nuclear model of the atom in response to these findings.The atom is the lowest unit of matter according to the hard-sphere atom model, which is why the plum pudding atom model is distinct. The negatively charged electron in the plum pudding model, however, is smaller than an atom and is negatively charged.To learn more about plum pudding model refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/4839193
#SPJ4
compound words are usually composed in the following order: combining form + word root + suffix.
Why are plants so important to humans and other animals?
Answer:
Plants are a resource of food and are also responsible for turning CO2 into O2
Explanation:
Instant hot and cold packs are found in many common stores and work when two substances react. Depending on the substances that react, the reaction either absorbs heat or gives off heat. The enthalpy of a hot pack is because the reaction.
Instant hot and cold packs are found in many common stores and work when two substances react. Depending on the substances that react, the reaction either absorbs heat or gives off heat. The enthalpy of a hot pack is negative because the reaction gives off heat. If The enthalpy of a hot pack is positive because the reaction absorbs heat.
Define enthalpy?A thermodynamic system's internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume are added to form enthalpy, which is one of the system's properties. It is a state function that is frequently used to monitor chemical, biological, and physical systems at a constant pressure that is conveniently given by the sizable surrounding environment.In a thermodynamic system with constant pressure, the total amount of heat is measured in terms of enthalpy. It is shown to be. H is equal to E + P + V, where E denotes internal energy, P denotes pressure, and E denotes energy. In a thermodynamic system, entropy represents the degree of chaos.The measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system is called enthalpy.To learn more about enthalpy refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/1533869
#SPJ4