The correct answer is option C: Low temperature only, because entropy decreases during freezing.
When a substance changes from a gas to a solid, the entropy (measure of disorder) of the system decreases. This is because the solid has a more ordered structure than the gas. The decrease in entropy is accompanied by a decrease in temperature and an increase in enthalpy (heat content).For a process to be spontaneous, the entropy change must be positive, so the freezing of methane is spontaneous only if the temperature of the surroundings is lower than the temperature of the methane. Thus, the heat released from the exothermic process will be absorbed by the surroundings, the temperature of the methane will decrease, and the entropy of the system increases, driving the process towards completion.
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The complete question is :
Methane freezing is an exothermic process. Which of the following best describes the temperature conditions that are most likely to cause this spontaneous change? Because entropy increases during freezing, any temperature. Because entropy decreases during freezing, any temperature. Only at low temperatures because entropy decreases during freezing. Only at high temperatures, as entropy
In a first-order decomposition reaction. 33% of a compound decomposes in 7.3 min. How long (in min) does it take for 81.8% of the compound to decompose
In a first-order breakdown reaction, 81.8% of the molecule takes 19.0 min to break down. A compound breaks down in 7.3 minutes by 33%. The human race started to scratch right away.
A means of climbing the food chain. People snatched what they needed from those who were unsuccessful in the same race without regard for anyone else (the producers and the rest of the consumers). First order in both surfactant and acid concentrations, decomposition is a dislocation process of reaction. The process is autocatalytic since acid is produced during the degradation. Reservoir rock, on the other hand, has a sizable absorbing impact.
x = (81.8*7.3)/33 x = 19.0 min
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Diatomic elements are important. what makes them different from other elemental substances?
Diatomic elements are elements that exist as two atoms bound together, usually in the form of a molecule.
What is Diatomic?Diatomic molecules are molecules composed of two atoms, held together by chemical bonds. They are the simplest type of molecule, and are very common in nature. Examples of diatomic molecules include oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), hydrogen (H2), chlorine (Cl2), and iodine (I2). Diatomic molecules have a wide range of applications in various industries, such as medicine, chemistry, engineering, and energy.
This differs from other elemental substances because those substances contain only one atom. Diatomic elements are very common in nature and make up a large percentage of the atmosphere. They also have unique properties because of the two atoms being bound together. Diatomic elements are an important part of many everyday processes, from respiration to combustion to corrosion.
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Puffy Chalmers was in his room, admiring his Mr. Drought mask, when his mother, Cookie Chalmers, barged into his room. She was so tired of the mask, she ripped it up and threw the pieces into a metal trash can. Then she pulled a bottle of acid out of her purse, and poured it on the mask pieces causing them to bubble, smoke, and change color. Did she change the mask physically or chemically? Explain your answer using evidence and your knowledge of physical and chemical changes. Help
She changed the mask chemically. Burning of the substance with acid is a chemical change.
A new substance with new qualities is created during burning, which is a chemical alteration that cannot be undone. A chemical change is the transformation of one substance into another, the emergence of new compounds with distinct properties, or any combination of these. It happens when two substances mix to create a new material. Baking soda and vinegar producing carbon dioxide, iron rusting, and wood burning are a few examples of chemical changes. The metabolization of food and the production of amylase from the combining of sugar and saliva are only two examples of the many chemical processes that the body produces.
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Select True or False: When lead-209 undergoes beta decay the balanced nuclear equation for this reaction is:
The statement is False, when lead-209 undergoes beta decay. As the nuclear equation is n ---> p + e- + antineutrino.
Lead-209 is an atom that contains 82 protons and 127 neutrons in its nucleus, meaning that lead-209 is not a neutron. Neutrons are particles that are found in the nucleus of atoms and have no charge. Therefore, lead-209 can't undergo beta decay by emitting a neutron. Beta decay occurs when an unstable nucleus emits a beta particle and an antineutrino, changing the number of protons in the nucleus. The balanced nuclear equation for the beta decay of lead-209 would be Pb-209 (atomic number = 82) --> Bi-209 (atomic number = 83) + e- + antineutrino. The Bi-209 is a isotope of bismuth, which has one more proton than lead-209 and the same number of neutrons.
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Question-- Select True or False: When lead-209 undergoes beta decay the balanced nuclear equation for this reaction is: n ---> p + e- + antineutrino
The piston in the engine of a car converts the energy released by octane combustion into mechanical work that turns the crankshaft. Some of the energy is lost to the environment as heat. What are the appropriate signs on q and w for this process
Thermal energy is transformed into kinetic energy that is, the energy of a moving object in this example, the moving piston by the engine. So, the sign of heat is negative and work done is negative.
A complicated device known as a combustion engine consumes fuel to produce thermal energy, which is subsequently used to drive tasks. In a car, the engine is responsible for generating the kinetic energy needed to turn the wheels. An internal combustion engine is the type of combustion engine used in automobiles. Internal-combustion engines are those found in gasoline or diesel-powered automobiles. Such an engine obtains its power from the heat produced during the combustion of the working fluids that have not yet reacted, the oxidizer-fuel mixture. As the heat is released to convert into the kinetic energy the sign of heat is negative and the sign of work done by the internal combustion of vehicles is negative.
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If the actual yielsd of a reaction is 50 g and the theoretical yield is 60 g. What is the percent yield.
If the actual yield and percent yield are 51.4g and 77.0%, respectively, calculate the theoretical yield. We predicted a theoretical yield of 13 grams for the reaction of Na with Cl2.
Yield is determined by dividing the principal amount by the net realized return. Gains and returns on stock investments, for instance, can take one of two kinds. On the basis of the chemical equation's stoichiometry, theoretical yield is computed. Experimental data are used to determine the real yield. Calculating the ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield yields the percent yield. The % ratio of the theoretical yield to the actual yield is known as the percent yield. It is calculated as the theoretical yield multiplied by 100% divided by the experimental yield.
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Classification of Drugs - Trafficking Penalties
Case Scenarios:
Roody Zeeland was captured by Federal Marshals as he attempted to smuggle 39 kg of
cocaine into Dallas in a horse-drawn covered wagon. While attempting to escape, the
Suspect hit and killed an innocent bystander. It was his first offense.
11. If convicted, what penalty will the suspect be sentenced to?
Federal Marshals will receive trafficking penalty for attempting smuggling.
Trafficking is what kind of a crime?Human trafficking, also referred to as trafficking in persons, is a crime that entails forcing or coercing a person to perform work or services or engage in sexual acts for monetary gain. The exertion of pressure may be covert or obvious, physical or psychological.
A conviction for keeping someone in servitude carries potential fines and a maximum 20-year prison sentence in a federal facility. The maximum penalty is life in prison if there is a death as a result of the violation or if it involved kidnapping, sexual assault, or other aggravating circumstances.
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QUESTION 2 What is the uncertainty (in % RSD) of a standard solution prepared by pipetting 20mL of a 0.2487 M (s
The formula for standard deviation is: = (V1/C1) + (V2/C2) +... + (Vn/Cn).
How could we ascertain if the standard solution created using a pipette is correct?Calculating the percent relative standard deviation (RSD) of the measurement will allow us to ascertain the degree of uncertainty in a standard solution created by pipetting 20 mL of a 0.2487 M (stock) solution.
The RSD is determined by multiplying the standard deviation by the mean and then by 100. The formula to determine the standard deviation is: = (V1/C1) + (V2/C2) +... + (Vn/Cn).
Where n is the number of measurements, C is the stock solution's concentration, and V is the volume of solution added.
We are unable to compute the RSD for the given information since you have not provided any information regarding the number of measurements taken.
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The Ka values for nitrous acid HNO_2 and hypochlorous HClO) acid are 4.5 10^{-4} and 3.0 10^{-8}, respectively.
A,Which one would be more suitable for use in a solution buffered at pH = 7.0?
B, What other ion would be needed to make the buffer?
Nitrous acid HNO_2 would be more suitable for use in a solution buffered at pH = 7.0.The other ion needed to make the buffer would be the conjugate base of the acid, which in this case would be the nitrite ion NO_2^-.
A, The Ka value is an indication of the strength of an acid; the lower the Ka value, the weaker the acid. Therefore, the hypochlorous acid HClO has a weaker acidity than nitrous acid HNO_2 and would be less suitable for use in a solution buffered at pH = 7.0.
B, Buffers work by maintaining a certain pH by providing a source of a weak acid and its conjugate base. Therefore, the other ion needed to make the buffer is the conjugate base of the acid, which in this case is the nitrite ion NO_2^-.
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Which one of the following atoms or ions has the largest radius?
A. K+ B. Cl– C. K D. Na
Option (c) is correct. K atom has the largest radius as the atomic size decreases from across the period and potassium is located in the start of period 3 in the periodic table.
According to the Periodic table, atomic size decreases when going from left to right across a period. Atomic size increases when going from top to bottom down a group. If you look at elements that are located in the same group, potassium will have a larger atomic radius when compared with sodium and chlorine. Since potassium is located at the start of period 3, potassium will have a larger atomic radius and thus the largest atomic radius of the four given atoms. Atomic radii vary in a predictable way across the periodic table. From top to bottom in a group, orbitals corresponding to higher values of the principal quantum number (n) are being added, which are on average further away from the nucleus, thus causing the size of the atom to increase.
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Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect? a. CIO 3 chlorate b. HCO 3 hydrogen carbonate c. NO 2 nitrate
Nitrate NO 2 It is inappropriate to use one of the following ions' names and formulas.
Chlorate's purpose is unknown.Herbicides, explosives, defoliants, paper, leather, dyes, matches, and inks are all made from it. It's also used to make cosmetics and medications. An inorganic salt of sodium with the counter-ion chlorate is known as sodium chlorate. It serves as both a herbicide and an oxidizing agent for bleaching paper.
Where can you find chlorate?Chlorate, an anion, can enter drinking water through a number of different causes, such as the use of hypochlorite or chlorine dioxide as disinfectants, the oxidation of hypochlorite or chlorite by ozone, and pesticide runoff or paper mill discharges that contaminate the source water.
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Select True or False: As opposed to chemical reaction, nuclear reactions have a significant (measureable) mass change relative to the mass of the reacting species.
The given statement is true as in the radioactive decay results in significant mass loss.
When uranium nuclei go through radioactive decay, a number of their mass is transformed into kinetic energy (the electricity of the transferring particles). This conversion of electricity is determined as a lack of mass. When it decays, a radionuclide transforms right into a one-of-a-kind atom - a decay product. The atoms maintain remodeling to new decay merchandise till they attain a solid country and are now not radioactive. This radioactivity is a part of earth's herbal device and is the principle purpose of warmth in the earth and the using pressure for earth's tectonic device which results in volcanoes, earthquakes and plate tectonics.
Thus, the given statement is true.
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How is water an exmaple of an molecule and a compound
Answer:
Water is a compound because it is made up of water molecules. There is no such thing as water atoms. Water molecules are made of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, in the definite proportion of two hydrogens for one oxygen.
Explanation:
The difference between a molecule and a compound is this:
A molecule consists of two or more atoms joined by a chemical bond.
A compound consists of two or more different atoms joined by chemical bonds.
Water (H2O) is both a molecule and a compound.
Hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2) are molecules but because the atoms of which they are made are not different, they do not qualify as compounds.
Explain how the following two processes alter the percentage of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere
(1) combustion
We burn the things that have previously grown in the sunlight-carbohydrates. Hydrogen in the carbohydrates burns to form water which is very harmless. The carbon can be recycled into many different compounds.
The carbon in this material becomes carbon monoxide carbon dioxide, (Poisonous to us mammals) and the carbon or char which can be a nutrient into the soil. Other things that can be burning in the waste will be toxic. Plants will absorb some worst things that humans will spill out so carelessly like: lead, cadmium, and the other toxic metals—and these toxins are very dangerous in the atmosphere
So we can indeed to alter the composition of our atmosphere by burning things. Once our planet had a carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It was a hell-hole here. It was very hot and the atmosphere was poisonous to higher life forms. Gradually life on the planet primarily plant life has been changed this atmosphere into something clean and wonderful. But we by our careless behaviour could return it into its original poisonous luckily the huge coniferous forests clean our air of carbon and the other pollution. We are eroding one factor of this margin after the another. Glaciation, wetlands, oceans, coral reefs, wild areas—these are our safeguards and one after another they are being lost.
--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Explain how the following two processes alter the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. I. Combustion (3) II. Respiration (3)".
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What is the mole fraction of C2H6O2 in 12. 7 molal aqueous solution ?
The mole fraction of C₂H₆O₂ in 12. 7 molal aqueous solution is 12.7.
What is mole fraction?In chemistry, a mole fraction is the ratio of the moles of one component in a solution or other mixture to the sum of the moles of all the components.
The ratio of the moles of any component to the sum of the moles of all the other components in the mixture is known as the mole fraction. Each gas's partial pressure in a mixture of gases is calculated by multiplying its mole fraction by its total pressure.
The number of solute molecules divided by the sum of the solute molecules and the solvent molecules is known as the mole fraction. This is equal to how many moles of solute there are in a liter of solvent, expressed in molal. If the molal equivalent C₂H₆O₂ is 12.7 this means, all that is in the solution is solute. Hence the mole fraction of C₂H₆O₂ is 12.7.
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what is the mole fraction of ethanol c2h5oh in an aqueous solution in which the ethanol concentration is 4.6 molal
The mole fraction of ethanol, C2H5OH is 0.076 that can be calculated by using the density of water.
The mole fraction of any solution is described because the ratio of the quantity of moles of that is present withinside the technique to the entire quantity of moles of all of the additives of the solution. Molarity on the other hand is the ratio of moles to the volume.
Molecular mass of ethanol = 46g
The molarity of the solution is 4.6 molal=4 moles in 1L solution
Molecular mass of water =18g
Density of water = 1kg/m3 = 1000g/L
So, mass of water in 1 l solution = 1000g
So moles = 1000/18 = 55.55 moles
Thus, mole fraction of ethanol= 4.6/(4.6+55.6) =0.076
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What is the definition of meter in biology?
The definition of the meter in biology is that the meter scale is used to measure the length. it is first unit of the international system of the units.
The meter is the first unit of the length in the international system of the units. currently the definition of the meter is : The meter can be defined as the length of the path that is travelled by the light in the vacuum during the time interval of 1 / 2999792458 second. The symbol of the meter is m.
The meter scale is used to measure the length or the distance between the two points.
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What actions do you take immediately after a burn occurs?
Cool in cold or lukewarm water for 20 minutes.
This should be done as soon as possible after an injury. Never use ice, ice water, cream, or greasy substances like butter on the burn. Be careful to keep the airways open when treating burn victims. Associated smoke inhalation injuries are very common, especially when the patient is burned in an enclosed space such as a room or building. Even people who have been burned outdoors can inhale smoke. Stop the burning process as soon as possible. Remove all clothing and jewelry near the burned area.
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For each of the following molecules, would you expect greater solubility in water or in hexane?
a. toluene
b. sucrose (table sugar)
c. isobutene
d. ethylene glycol
Answer:
a
Explanation:
boiling point of 111ºC and hexane, with a boiling point of 69ºC, is 42ºC, making these two substances most easily separated
What does the sun shape indicate?
The Sun is a close second in terms of object radii. It would be so spherical if shrunk to the size of a beach ball that the distance between its widest and narrowest diameters would be significantly smaller than the width of a human hair.
What does the sun symbolize?Our world is greatly influenced by the sun, which controls the weather, ocean currents, seasons, and climate as well as enabling plant life through photosynthesis. Life on Earth would not live without the heat and light provided by the sun.
Because they developed and collapsed under the force of their own gravity, the Sun and the majority of other big objects in space, including stars, planets, and large moons, are spherical. When our Solar System first formed, it was a massive, whirling cloud of gas and dust that gradually shrank due to gravity.
Thus, The Sun is a close second in terms of object radii.
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How many grams of Pb would be required to make 119 g H2O? Pb+PbO2+2H2SO4=2PbSO4+2H2O. Pb: 207.2 g/mol. H20: 18.o2 g/mol
The amount, in grams of Pb that would be required to make 119 g of [tex]H_2O[/tex] will be 685.17 grams.
Stoichiometric problemThe balanced equation of the reaction would be as follows:
[tex]Pb+PbO_2+2H_2SO_4--- > 2PbSO_4+2H_2O[/tex]
The mole ratio of Pb to [tex]H_2O[/tex] is 1:2.
Recall that, mole = mass/molar mass.
Molar mass of [tex]H_2O[/tex] = 18 g/mol
Mole of 119 g of [tex]H_2O[/tex] = 119/18 = 6.61 mol
From the established mole ratio, the equivalent mole of Pb that would be required will be:
1/2 x 6.61 = 3.31 mol
Mass = mole x molar mass
The molar mass of Pb is 207 g/mol
Mass of 3.31 mol Pb = 3.31 x 207
= 685.17 grams
In other words, the amount of Pb that would be required to make 119 g of [tex]H_2O[/tex] according to the illustrated reaction will be 685.17 grams.
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Consider the orbital diagram
shown. Which electron rule is
broken in the diagram?
1
1s 2s
2p
A. Aufbau Principle
B. Hund's Rule
C. Pauli Exclusion Principle
The electron rule is broken in the diagram is: (c) Pauli Exclusion Principle.
What is electron?An electron is a subatomic particle with a negative electric charge. It is found in atoms, and is the main component of electricity. Electrons are incredibly small, measuring only a fraction of a nanometer, and they are around 2000 times lighter than the smallest atom. Electrons are governed by the laws of quantum mechanics and they are move around the nucleus of an atom in discrete orbits. Electrons are responsible for chemical bonding between atoms, and they are essential for the formation of molecules.
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The down-slope movement of material on Earth is called a slope failure. It is the failure of the slope resulting in transport of debris downhill by
sliding, rolling, falling, or slumping. This is an example of slope failure called
To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to landslides. Therefore, the given process describe the landslides process.
What is landslides?Slope collapses are essentially natural calamities that occur in a variety of locations across the world. Slope failures, often known as landslides, define a wide range of mechanisms that produce the outward or downward of slope-forming materials such as rock, soil, or landfills.
The down-slope movement of material on Earth is called a slope failure. It is the failure of the slope resulting in transport of debris downhill by sliding, rolling, falling, or slumping. This is an example of slope failure called landslides.
Therefore, the given process describe the landslides process.
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In a random sample of 70 people, it was found that 44 of them were fans of the New York Yankees. What is the margin of error for the true proportion of all individuals who are fans of the New York Yankees?
A.
0.0088
B.
0.058
C.
0.063
D.
0.116
E.
0.173
The margin error of the population is 0.058. Option B
What is the margin of error?We know that the margin of error has to do with the allowance that has been given to accommodate the mistakes that can occur in a study. Let us note that the mistakes in the study may arise from a number of factors. One of the factors that could lead to the existence of error in the results of a study is a mistake when we reread off the values that we obtain from the study.
As such, we have;
M = √[p(1 - p)/n]
where:
p = sample proportion
n = sample size
We are given;
p = 44/70 = 0.6286
n = 70
Thus;
M = √[0.6286(1 - 0.6286)/70]
M = √0.003335172
M ≈ 0.058
This is now the margin of the error that we have in the study that has been done here.
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Why is bromine the most reactive?
Being a highly chemically reactive metal having seven valence electrons and even a high attraction for electrons, bromine reacts quickly as well as violently with alkali metals, therefore is rarely found in nature pure.
Despite being a potent oxidizer, it is difficult to break down under typical circumstances. Fluorine was the strongest active halogen, followed by chlorine, bromine, as well as iodine.
Since bromine has a higher atomic radius over chlorine, it is much less reactive. Compared to chlorine, bromine does not hold electrons as tightly. This is supported by the fact that chlorine contains fewer electron shells, which causes the electrons to connect nearer to the nucleus.
Due to its lower reactivity, the bromine radical is so much more selective for such 2° radical. Cl• is much less picky and less selective since it is less stable as well as more reactive.
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What does 14 mean in c14?
14 mean in C14 is C14 has atomic mass of 14.
The radioactive carbon isotope with the longest half-life, carbon-14, whose decay enables precise dating of archaeological artifacts. Six protons and eight neutrons make up the carbon-14 nucleus, giving it an atomic mass of 14. Additionally, the isotope is employed as a tracer to monitor specific carbon atoms as they undergo chemical or biological changes.
The 14 in C14 represents the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of that atom or we can called it atomic mass. Carbon-14: with 6 protons and 8 neutrons, and an atomic mass of 14,
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The compound NaCl consists of 60.7% chlorine. How many grams of chlorine can be obtained from 49.6 grams of NaCl?
Answer:92.1g
Explanation:
This means that the reaction consumed4.004moles NaCl⋅2 moles Na2moles NaCl=4.004 moles NaConvert this to grams by using the element's molar mass4.004moles Na⋅22.99 g1mole Na=92.1 g
A sample of magnesium metal reacts with 45.0 mL of 3.0 M solution of hydrochloric acid. How many moles of HCl are reacting
moles of HCl are reacting is [tex]135\times10^{-3}[/tex]
In the International System of Units, the mole is used to measure material quantity. The number of a substance's elementary entities that are present in an object or sample depends on the amount of that substance. A solute's molar concentration is used to represent how much of a solute there is per unit volume of a solution or how much of a chemical species there is in a solution.
Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to generate a salt of magnesium chloride and release hydrogen gas.
Mg(s) +HCl(aq) [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] [tex]MgCl_{2}[/tex](aq)+[tex]H_{2}[/tex](g)
molarity =[tex]\frac{moles of solute}{volume of solution \:(l)}[/tex]
molarity of Mg is 3.0M volume of solution is 45ml
now, 3M=[tex]\frac{moles of solute}{45\times 10^{-3} \:(l)}[/tex]
moles of mg = 135 millimoles.
now according to the reaction by using stoichiometry
moles of Mg = moles of HCl
moles of HCl =135 millimoles =[tex]135\times10^{-3}[/tex]
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BRAINLIEST HELP PLEASE. 6. In order to produce CO2, a student put a sample of calcium carbonate in a flask and
added hydrochloric acid using the following equation:
CaCO3 + 2HCI- H2O + CO2 + CaCl2
The student finds the mass of CO2 generated in the lab to be 100 g. If the student
began with 200 g of HCl and excess CaCO3, what was the percent yield of CO2?
On adding 200g hydrochloric acid to excess calcium carbonate, the percent yield of carbon dioxide is equal to 82.84%.
200g of HCl was added to an excess amount of calcium carbonate to produce 100g of carbon dioxide along with water and calcium chloride. The reaction is written as:
CaCO₃ + 2HCl → H₂O + CO₂ + CaCl₂
Since calcium carbonate is excess, two moles of hydrochloric acid gives rise to one mole of carbon dioxide.
To calculate the percent yield, we can use stoichiometry,
The molar mass of hydrochloric acid = 36.46 g/mol
The molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44.01 g/mol
To calculate theoretical yield,
200g HCl/1 × 1 mole HCl/36.46g HCl × 1 mol CO₂ /2mol HCl × 44.01 mol CO₂/ 1 mole CO₂
= 120.707 g
To calculate the percent yield,
The amount of CO₂ produced = 100g
Dividing 100 by the theoretical yield
= 100/120.707 = 0.8284
Now multiplying the value by 100
= 0.8284 × 100 = 82.84 %
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The table shows the nature of the reactants and products formed in a certain type of chemical reaction.
Nature of Reactants and Products
Reactants Products
Ionic compound + Ionic compound Ionic compound + Ionic compound
Which of the following is true about this type of chemical reaction?
It is a single replacement reaction, and all four compounds are different.
It is a double replacement reaction, and all four compounds are different.
It is a single replacement reaction, and each compound has the same set of ions.
It is a double replacement reaction, and each compound has the same set of ions.
The reaction that has been shown in the table above is a double replacement reaction, and each compound has the same set of ions. Option D
What is a reaction?Another word that we can use for reaction is what we call a chemical change. We know that a chemical change is the kind of change that will lead to the formation of a new product. It is an irreversible process as we can not be able to get back the reactants again.
We should note that there are various types of reactions. In a single replacement reaction, you would notice that there is only one substance that reacts and causes a change while in the double replacement reaction, the anions that are in the compounds that underwent the reaction would just exchange anion partners and we would have two ionic products.
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