The correct answer is: The increase in unemployment was much greater and lasted longer.
During the Great Recession, the increase in unemployment was particularly severe compared to other recessions since World War II. The recession resulted in a significant loss of jobs and a prolonged period of high unemployment rates.
This was one of the distinguishing features of the Great Recession compared to previous recessions. The recovery in the labor market and the reduction in unemployment took a longer time compared to previous economic downturns.
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Silvia, a manager, came into your office last week to talk about increasing her budget. She regularly gives bonuses and small prizes when her employees meet their production goals. (Referent, legitimate, reward, coercive, expert)
Silvia is using the reward power base to motivate her employees. Reward power is a type of influence or control that someone has over others based on their ability to offer rewards or positive incentives.
In this scenario, Silvia is utilising her managerial authority to provide bonuses and little rewards to her employees who meet their production targets.
By doing so, she instills inspiration in her employees and encourages them to work hard in order to meet their goals.
Managers can use reward power to influence and encourage their personnel. Managers may establish a healthy work atmosphere and inspire employees to be more productive and involved in their job by rewarding good performance.
This method is frequently more effective than utilising coercive power, which entails the threat of punishment or negative repercussions for bad performance.
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The type of power Silvia is using is "reward power." She is offering bonuses and small prizes to her employees when they meet their production goals, which is an example of using rewards to influence behavior.
Reward power is a type of power that is based on a person's ability to give rewards or positive consequences for compliance. This power can be used to motivate employees to achieve their goals or to follow the manager's directives. It is a type of positive reinforcement that can be effective in motivating employees to work harder and to be more productive. However, managers should be careful to ensure that the rewards are given fairly and equitably to all employees and that they do not lead to negative consequences such as resentment or jealousy among team members.
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Eastman Kodak's and Sears' long-term industry success gave rise to
Question 36 options:
a)
high-performance cultures.
b)
unethical and greed-driven cultures.
c)
clashing subcultures.
d)
bureaucratic cultures.
e)
insular and change-resistant cultures.
Eastman Kodak's and Sears' long-term industry success gave rise to insular and change-resistant cultures.
What is a Corporate culture?
Corporate culture is an organization's set of shared ideals, traditions, and norms. Corporate culture examples include a focus on customer service, a supportive workplace, and ethical behavior. Other instances include emphasizing productivity, teamwork, and technology utilization.
Clan culture, adhocracy culture, market culture, and hierarchical culture were the 4 forms of culture they recognized.
A supportive environment at all organizational levels, policies that promote respect, trust, empathy, and support are all characteristics of a strong workplace culture.
Employees in a culture that is driven by purpose feel deeply responsible for it: Teams are more motivated by purpose, which also influences their decisions and directs daily behavior.
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did the introduction of b or c have a greater effect in decreasing the portfolio volatility? why is this the case?
It's not possible to answer this question without more information about what "b" and "c" refer to in this context.
The effectiveness of a particular strategy or investment in reducing portfolio volatility depends on a wide range of factors, such as the specific assets involved, market conditions, and the goals and risk tolerance of the investor.
However, in general, there are a few strategies that can be effective in reducing portfolio volatility.
Diversification is one of the most commonly used strategies, as it involves investing in a variety of different assets across different sectors and industries.
By spreading out investments in this way, investors can reduce their exposure to the risks of any one particular asset or sector.
Additionally, some investors may choose to hedge their portfolios by using financial instruments like options or futures contracts, which can help protect against downside risk.
Ultimately, the effectiveness of any particular strategy in reducing portfolio volatility depends on a wide range of factors, and there is no one-size-fits-all approach.
Investors should carefully consider their goals, risk tolerance, and individual circumstances when determining the best strategies for their portfolios.
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which consumer promotion tool is like coupons, except that the price reduction occurs after the purchase rather than at the retail outle
The consumer promotion tool that is similar to coupons but offers a price reduction after the purchase is called a rebate. Rebates are offered by manufacturers as an incentive for consumers to buy their products.
Once the product is purchased, the consumer can submit proof of purchase to receive a partial refund. This type of promotion is attractive to consumers who want to try a product but may not be willing to pay the full price upfront.
Rebates also allow manufacturers to track the effectiveness of their promotional efforts by measuring the number of rebates redeemed.
In summary, rebates are a great way to encourage consumers to try a product and can help manufacturers gain valuable insights into their target audience.
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when the price level rises because the AD curve shifts rightward, the economy experiences ____
When the price level rises because the Aggregate Demand (AD) curve shifts rightward, the economy experiences inflation. Inflation is the general increase in prices over time, resulting in a decrease in the purchasing power of money.
An increase in aggregate demand can be caused by factors such as increased consumer spending, government expenditure, or net exports. This increase in demand leads to upward pressure on prices, as businesses respond to higher demand by raising prices to maximize profits. As a result, the overall price level in the economy rises.
Inflation can have various impacts on the economy, including reduced purchasing power, uncertainty in planning and investment, and redistribution of income and wealth. Central banks often use monetary policy tools, such as adjusting interest rates or implementing open market operations, to manage inflation and stabilize the economy.
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Judicially and based on legislation, a cooperating broker is defined as a subagent with specific affirmative duties of care owed: a. the seller. b. the buyer. c. the broker. d. All of the above.
Legislation and judicial interpretation, a cooperating broker is defined as a subagent with specific affirmative duties of care owed to all parties involved in a real estate transaction, including the seller, the buyer, and the broker. Option D.
This means that the cooperating broker must act in the best interests of both the buyer and the seller, as well as ensure that the broker's interests are protected.
Specifically, a cooperating broker owes the seller a duty of loyalty, honesty, and full disclosure. This means that the cooperating broker must act in the best interests of the seller, provide accurate information about the property, and avoid any conflicts of interest that may arise during the transaction.
Additionally, the cooperating broker owes the buyer a duty of care, which includes providing accurate and complete information about the property, disclosing any known defects, and ensuring that the buyer's interests are protected throughout the transaction.
Furthermore, the cooperating broker owes a duty to the broker that they are cooperating with.
This includes providing accurate and complete information about the transaction, ensuring that all necessary documentation is provided in a timely manner, and complying with any contractual obligations that may be involved in the transaction.
In conclusion, a cooperating broker is defined as a subagent with specific affirmative duties of care owed to all parties involved in a real estate transaction, including the seller, the buyer, and the broker.
The cooperating broker must act in the best interests of all parties and ensure that their interests are protected throughout the transaction. So Option D is correct.
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Judicially and based on legislation, a cooperating broker is defined as a subagent with specific affirmative duties of care owed to the seller. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
A cooperating broker is a real estate agent who works with a buyer to find a suitable property to purchase. When the buyer finds a property, the cooperating broker will work with the seller's listing agent to facilitate the transaction. In this role, the cooperating broker is legally considered a subagent of the seller and owes specific duties of care to the seller, including honesty, fair dealing, and full disclosure.
These duties are owed to the seller regardless of whether the cooperating broker has any direct contact with the seller. The cooperating broker also owes a duty of care to the buyer, but this duty is secondary to the duty owed to the seller.
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is $970,000. new leasing company is in the 25 percent tax bracket. there are no transaction costs to the lease. each firm can borrow at 6 percent. a. what is quartz’s reservation price?
The Quartz's reservation price is $43,650.
We need to calculate Quartz's reservation price for leasing the asset. The key terms here are:
1. Asset value: $970,000
2. Tax bracket: 25%
3. Borrowing rate: 6%
First, let's determine the after-tax borrowing rate for Quartz:
After-tax borrowing rate = Borrowing rate * (1 - Tax bracket)
After-tax borrowing rate = 6% * (1 - 0.25) = 6% * 0.75 = 4.5%
Now, we can calculate the reservation price. The reservation price represents the maximum price that Quartz would be willing to pay for the lease without incurring a loss. Since the reservation price equals the present value of after-tax interest payments, we can use the following formula:
Reservation price = Asset value * (After-tax borrowing rate)
Reservation price = $970,000 * 0.045 = $43,650
Quartz's reservation price is $43,650.
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assuming the company is in the 50% tax bracket, what is the company's reported earnings per common share? a $5.00
b $4.50
c $3.50
d $2.00
Without the necessary information, it is not possible to determine the company's reported earnings per common share from the given s (a $5.
to determine the company's reported earnings per common share, we need more information such as the net income of the company and the number of outstanding common shares.
the reported earnings per common share is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares. without these specific details, we cannot accurately calculate the earnings per common share.
additionally, the company being in the 50% tax bracket does not directly provide information to calculate the reported earnings per common share. the tax bracket indicates the tax rate applied to the company's taxable income but does not directly affect the reported earnings per share calculation. 00, b $4.50, c $3.50, d $2.00).
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To record the accrued interest on a note payable at the end of the accounting period, a journal entry should be written to debit :
A Interest Expense B. Notes Payable C. Interest Payable D. Cash
To record the accrued interest on a note payable at the end of the accounting period, a journal entry should be written to debit Interest Expense.
When a company has an outstanding note payable and has accrued interest on that note at the end of the accounting period, the accrued interest needs to be recorded in the company's books. The accrued interest represents the interest expense that has been incurred but not yet paid. The other options listed are not appropriate for recording the accrued interest on a note payable.
Notes Payable represents the principal amount owed on the note, not the interest. Interest Payable is the liability account used to record the accrued interest that is owed but not yet paid. Cash is not involved in this transaction since it represents the payment of the note, not the accrued interest. Therefore, the correct choice is to debit Interest Expense.
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(Preparation of Operating Activities Section-Direct Method) Krauss Company's income statement for the year ended December 31, 2017, contained the following condensed information Service revenue $840,000 Operating expenses (excluding depreciation) $624,000 Depreciation expense 60.000
Loss on sale of equipment 26,000 710,000 Income before income taxes 130,000
Income tax expense 40,000 Net income 90,000 Krauss's balance sheet contained the following comparative data at December 31 2017 2016 Accounts receivable $37,000 $54,000 Accounts payable 41,000 31,000
Income taxes payable 4,000 8,500 (Accounts payable pertains to operating expenses.) Instructions Prepare the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows using the direct method. E23-6 (LO2,3) (Preparation of Operating Activities Section-Indirect Method) Data for Krauss Company are presented in E23-5. Instructions Prepare the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows using the indirect method
The net cash provided by operating activities using the direct method for Krauss Company is $244,000.
For Krauss Company, the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows using the direct method can be prepared as follows:
Cash received from customers:
Service revenue $840,000
Less: Decrease in accounts receivable ($54,000 - $37,000) $17,000
Cash received from customers $823,000
Cash paid for operating expenses:
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation) $624,000
Add: Increase in accounts payable ($41,000 - $31,000) $10,000
Less: Decrease in income taxes payable ($8,500 - $4,000) $4,500
Cash paid for operating expenses $629,500
Cash paid for income taxes:
Income tax expense $40,000
Less: Decrease in income taxes payable ($8,500 - $4,000) $4,500
Cash paid for income taxes $35,500
Cash paid for interest:
N/A
Cash received from other operating activities:
Loss on sale of equipment $26,000
Add: Depreciation expense $60,000
Total $86,000
Net cash provided by operating activities:
Cash received from customers $823,000
Cash paid for operating expenses ($629,500)
Cash paid for income taxes ($35,500)
Cash received from other operating activities $86,000
Net cash provided by operating activities $244,000
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An improvement in school quality translates into an increase in which model parameter?
A) H
B) z
C) b
D) 1-u
The given options (H, z, b, 1-u) are not familiar model parameters in this context. If you provide more information about the specific model or context you are referring to, I can try to help you determine which parameter may be affected by an improvement in school quality.
When discussing the relationship between school quality and model parameters, it would depend on the specific model being referred to. Different models may incorporate different variables and parameters to represent various aspects of the system being analyzed. Without specific information about the model, it is challenging to determine exactly which parameter would be affected by an improvement in school quality.
However, in educational research and economic models, an improvement in school quality is often associated with positive outcomes such as student achievement, graduation rates, or economic productivity. These outcomes can be influenced by a range of factors, including teacher quality, curriculum, resources, and school environment.
In some models, an improvement in school quality could lead to changes in parameters related to student performance or educational attainment. For example, it could result in an increase in the parameter representing academic achievement or educational attainment levels.
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When u.s. businesses established branches in south africa, in the short run, south africa's aggregate supply _______.
When U.S. businesses establish branches in South Africa, in the short run, South Africa's aggregate supply will increase.
This is because the establishment of new businesses will lead to an increase in production and output, which in turn leads to an increase in the aggregate supply. The new businesses will employ workers and purchase goods and services from other businesses, which will further boost the economy and aggregate supply.
Additionally, the investment by U.S. businesses can lead to an increase in technological advancements and innovation in the country, which can lead to further increases in productivity and output. However, it is important to note that the long-term effects of U.S. businesses establishing branches in South Africa may vary depending on various factors such as government policies, economic stability, and social issues.
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fedex and united parcel service (ups) compete in many of the same markets and have similar types of truck and airplane fleets, similar levels of financial capital, and other similarities. these tangible and intangible resources between the two firms describe the:
The tangible and intangible resources shared by FedEx and United Parcel Service (UPS) describe the competitive parity between the two firms. They compete in similar markets and possess comparable truck and aeroplane fleets, financial capital, and other resources. This similarity in resources creates a level playing field where neither company has a distinct advantage over the other based on their tangible and intangible assets.
FedEx and UPS are direct competitors in the logistics and package delivery industry. They operate in overlapping markets and offer similar services, making their tangible resources, such as truck and aeroplane fleets, crucial for their operations. Both companies have invested heavily in building extensive transportation networks, with fleets of trucks and cargo planes to facilitate timely and efficient deliveries.
Furthermore, FedEx and UPS possess similar levels of financial capital. They have substantial resources at their disposal to invest in infrastructure, technology, marketing, and other strategic initiatives. This financial parity enables both companies to make comparable investments and compete effectively in the market.
In addition to tangible resources, intangible assets also play a significant role in shaping the competitive landscape between FedEx and UPS. Both companies have established strong brand identities and customer loyalty over the years. They have built reputations for reliability, quality service, and innovative solutions. These intangible resources, such as brand equity and customer relationships, contribute to their competitive parity.
Considering the shared tangible and intangible resources, it can be concluded that FedEx and UPS have similar competitive advantages and face comparable challenges in the industry. The competition between these two companies is primarily driven by factors other than resource disparities, such as operational efficiency, service differentiation, pricing strategies, and customer experience.
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walls of metal-framed buildings are strengthened by diagonal straps or the use of plywood or osb sheathing at the corners. T/F
True. Walls of metal-framed buildings are strengthened by diagonal straps or the use of plywood or OSB sheathing at the corners.
In metal-framed buildings, additional reinforcement is often required to enhance the structural integrity of the walls. This reinforcement can be achieved through the use of diagonal straps or the application of plywood or oriented strand board (OSB) sheathing at the corners.
Diagonal straps are metal components that are installed diagonally across the corners of the building's walls. These straps help to strengthen and stabilize the walls by providing additional support against lateral forces such as wind or seismic activity.
Alternatively, plywood or OSB sheathing can be used to reinforce the walls. These materials are typically attached to the exterior surface of the metal framing at the corners, creating a solid and rigid structure. The sheathing acts as a bracing element, distributing and resisting the forces acting on the walls, thus enhancing their strength and stability.
Both diagonal straps and the use of plywood or OSB sheathing at the corners are common methods employed in metal-framed buildings to strengthen the walls. These measures help ensure the structural integrity and safety of the building, particularly in regions prone to high winds or seismic activity. Therefore, it is true that these techniques are used to strengthen the walls of metal-framed buildings.
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57) charlotte's crochet shoppe has 14,900 shares of common stock outstanding at a price per share of $77 and a rate of return of 11.69 percent. the company also has 300 bonds outstanding, with a par value of $2,000 per bond. the pretax cost of debt is 6.17 percent and the bonds sell for 97.8 percent of par. what is the firm's wacc if the tax rate is 22 percent?
The firm's wacc if the tax rate is 22 percent is approximately 58.88097 percent.
Ke = Rate of Return + (Price per Share * (1 - Tax Rate))
= 0.1169 + (77 * (1 - 0.22))
= 0.1169 + (77 * 0.78)
= 0.1169 + 60.06
= 0.1169 + 60.06
= 60.1769
Next, let's calculate the cost of debt (Kd):
Kd = (Pretax Cost of Debt * (1 - Tax Rate)) / Bond Price
= (0.0617 * (1 - 0.22)) / 0.978
= (0.0617 * 0.78) / 0.978
= 0.048006 / 0.978
= 0.048994
We = Number of Shares / (Number of Shares + Number of Bonds)
= 14,900 / (14,900 + 300)
= 14,900 / 15,200
= 0.97961
Wd = Number of Bonds / (Number of Shares + Number of Bonds)
= 300 / (14,900 + 300)
= 300 / 15,200
= 0.01974
Finally, we can calculate the WACC:
WACC = (We * Ke) + (Wd * Kd)
= (0.97961 * 60.1769) + (0.01974 * 0.048994)
= 58.879 + 0.00097
= 58.88097
WACC stands for Weighted Average Cost of Capital. It is a financial metric used to evaluate the cost of capital for a company. The WACC takes into account the various sources of financing a company uses, such as equity and debt, and assigns weights to each based on their proportion in the company's capital structure. The formula for calculating WACC is the weighted average of the cost of each financing source, where the weights are determined by the proportion of each source in the company's overall capital.
The WACC serves as a benchmark for evaluating potential investments and projects. It represents the minimum return a company needs to generate to satisfy its investors and lenders. If a project's expected return is higher than the WACC, it is considered financially viable. On the other hand, if the project's return is lower than the WACC, it may not be considered a good investment.
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can you conjecture why the authors did not include the birm bixed effect in their basic specibication?
It's possible that the authors did not include the "firm fixed effect" in their basic specification for a few reasons.
First, they might have wanted to keep the model simple and easy to interpret. Adding fixed effects can make the analysis more complex and challenging to understand, especially for readers who are not familiar with the concept.
Second, the authors might have believed that the variables they included in the basic specification were sufficient to control for any unobserved factors related to the firm. This would mean that the firm fixed effect would have little or no additional explanatory power and would not significantly improve the model's accuracy.
Third, including fixed effects can lead to multicollinearity issues, which can cause unstable estimates and make it difficult to draw clear conclusions from the results. By excluding the firm fixed effect, the authors might have aimed to avoid such issues and ensure that their findings were robust.
Lastly, there may have been data limitations or computational constraints that prevented the authors from including the firm fixed effect. This could include lack of data on certain firms or the large size of the dataset, making it computationally challenging to include fixed effects in the analysis.
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Without knowing the specific context of the study or paper being referred to, it is difficult to provide a definitive answer. However, in general, the decision to include or exclude fixed effects in a statistical analysis depends on the research question being asked and the data being used.
Fixed effects can be useful in accounting for unobserved or time-invariant heterogeneity across observations, such as differences between individuals, firms, or countries. Including fixed effects can also help to control for endogeneity or omitted variable bias.That being said, including fixed effects in a regression model can also increase the complexity of the analysis and reduce the degrees of freedom, potentially leading to overfitting or estimation problems. Additionally, including fixed effects can limit the generalizability of the results beyond the specific sample used in the analysis. Therefore, the decision to include or exclude fixed effects should be based on a careful consideration of the research question, the available data, and the potential benefits and drawbacks of including fixed effects.
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a developing country that exports nearly 75 of all its raw materials has
A developing country that exports nearly 75% of all its raw materials faces certain challenges. A developing country that relies heavily on raw material exports should consider a range of strategies to promote sustainable and diversified economic growth.
Such a country may be heavily reliant on the export of raw materials, which can make it vulnerable to fluctuations in global commodity prices. Additionally, a focus on raw material exports can result in a lack of diversification in the economy, which can limit long-term growth prospects.
To address these challenges, the country may need to consider strategies to diversify its economy and promote the development of value-added industries. This could involve investing in education and training programs to develop a skilled workforce, promoting entrepreneurship and innovation, and improving infrastructure to facilitate business growth.
Another consideration is the impact of raw material extraction on the environment and local communities. The country may need to implement policies and regulations to ensure that extraction activities are conducted in a sustainable and socially responsible manner.
Overall, a developing country that relies heavily on raw material exports should consider a range of strategies to promote sustainable and diversified economic growth.
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because riskier assets offer ____ returns, a bank's strategy to increase its return will typically entail a(n) ____ in the overall credit risk of its asset portfolio.
Because riskier assets offer higher returns, a bank's strategy to increase its return will typically entail an increase in the overall credit risk of its asset portfolio.
In order to generate higher returns, banks may choose to invest in riskier assets that have the potential for greater profitability. Riskier assets, such as high-yield bonds or stocks of volatile companies, often come with higher levels of credit risk. This means that there is a greater likelihood of default or non-payment by the borrower or issuer of the asset.
By increasing the overall credit risk of its asset portfolio, the bank is exposing itself to a higher probability of losses. However, the potential for higher returns is also greater. This strategy reflects the trade-off between risk and return that banks must navigate in their pursuit of profitability.
Banks typically employ risk management practices to mitigate the potential negative impacts of increased credit risk. These practices include diversification of the asset portfolio, rigorous credit analysis and underwriting processes, and ongoing monitoring and management of credit exposures. By carefully managing the credit risk associated with riskier assets, banks aim to strike a balance between increasing returns and maintaining a prudent level of risk.
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calculate the monthly payment on a $55,000, 7 year loan assuming an apr of 5 percent compounded monthly. (needs: nper, rate, pv)
The monthly payment for a $55,000 loan with a 7-year term and a monthly compounded APR of 5% is $765.71.
We must apply the present value of an annuity formula to get the monthly loan payment:
PMT is calculated as PV * (r * (1 + r)n) / ((1 + r)n - 1).
Where PMT stands for the monthly payment, PV for the loan's principle or present value, r for the interest rate, and n for the number of payments each month.
In this instance, the loan's current value or principle is $55,000, its annual percentage rate is 5% compounded on a monthly basis, and its duration is 7 years, or 84 months.
We divide the APR by 12 to get the monthly interest rate:
r = 0.05 / 12 = 0.004167
We multiply the number of years by 12 to get the total number of monthly payments:
n = 7 * 12 = 84
We can now solve for PMT by entering these values into the formula:
PMT = 55,000 * (0.004167 * (1 + 0.004167)^84) / ((1 + 0.004167)^84 - 1) = $765.71
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To calculate the monthly payment on a $55,000, 7-year loan assuming an APR of 5% compounded monthly, we can use the PMT function in Excel or a financial calculator.
The nper (number of periods) is 7 years * 12 months per year = 84 months. The rate is 5% / 12 = 0.004167 per month. The pv (present value) is $55,000. Using these values, we can calculate the monthly payment as: =PMT(0.004167, 84, -55000) . This gives us a monthly payment of approximately $785.15. Therefore, the borrower would need to make monthly payments of $785.15 for 84 months to fully pay off the loan.
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according to the law of diminishing marginal utility, each additional unit of a good consumed yields less additional utility. true false
True. According to the law of diminishing marginal utility, each additional unit of a good consumed yields less additional utility is fact/true.
According to the law of diminishing marginal utility, as consumption increases, all other things being equal, the marginal utility of each additional unit decreases. The incremental improvement in utility that results from consuming one more unit is called marginal utility. The word "utility" is used in economics to describe happiness or satisfaction.
The law of diminishing marginal utility simply states that the more you use or utilize an item, the less satisfaction you get with each additional unit.
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if you grant a nonpossessory interest to eagle logging to enter your land and remove timber from ten acres, you have granted eagle a profit.T/F?
True, if you grant a nonpossessory interest to Eagle Logging to enter your land and remove timber from ten acres, you have granted Eagle a profit.
Granting a nonpossessory interest, specifically a profit, to Eagle Logging means that you have given them the right to enter your land and extract timber from a specified portion of it. A profit is a type of nonpossessory interest where the holder is entitled to the produce or profit derived from the land rather than having actual possession or ownership of the land itself. In this case, by granting Eagle Logging the right to remove timber from ten acres of your land, you have essentially granted them the profit associated with that timber extraction
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Consistent with ASC Topic 842, at the inception of the lease, lessees must recognize a "right-of-use" asset for which type of lease(s)?
(a) Finance leases
(b) Finance leases and short-term leases
(c) Finance leases and operating leases
(d) Finance, short-term, and operating leases
The correct answer is (d) Finance, short-term, and operating leases.
According to ASC Topic 842, lessees are required to recognize a "right-of-use" asset at the inception of the lease for all types of leases, including finance leases, short-term leases, and operating leases. The recognition of the "right-of-use" asset represents the lessee's control over the underlying leased asset during the lease term.
Finance leases are leases that transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, while operating leases are leases that do not meet the criteria of a finance lease. Short-term leases have a lease term of 12 months or less.
ASC Topic 842 aims to provide a more transparent and comprehensive approach to lease accounting, requiring lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on their balance sheets for most leases.
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Fill in the blanks to complete the passage below about pharmaceutical firms and price discrimination.the executive order meant that pharmaceutical firms would no longer be able to use price discrimination strategies. in order to price discriminate, two conditions regarding the ___ must be met. Companies must be able to:1. ________, and2. ________ of the good or service between customers
In order to price discriminate, two conditions regarding the market must be met. Companies must be able to identify different customer groups with different price elasticities, and they must be able to prevent the arbitrage of the good or service between customers.
The first condition means that companies must be able to distinguish between customers who are willing to pay a higher price for a product or service and those who are not. This is often done through market research and segmentation, where the company divides its customers into different groups based on their needs, preferences, and willingness to pay. The second condition means that companies must be able to prevent customers from reselling the product or service at a lower price to others. This can be done through various means such as contracts, licenses, and product design. However, this practice can lead to discrimination against certain groups, such as low-income individuals or those with limited access to healthcare.
Therefore, the executive order aims to prevent such discrimination and ensure that all consumers have access to affordable healthcare.
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true/false. A second party certification of ISO 9000 for a firm implies that: A company that has won the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award audits the firm.
False. A second-party certification of ISO 9000 for a firm does not necessarily imply that a company that has won the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award audits the firm.
False. A second-party certification of ISO 9000 for a firm does not necessarily imply that a company that has won the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award audits the firm. ISO 9000 is a set of international standards that outline the requirements for a quality management system (QMS). The certification process involves a third-party auditor conducting an assessment to determine if the company's QMS meets the ISO 9000 standards. This certification provides a level of assurance to customers and stakeholders that the company is committed to quality and continuous improvement. On the other hand, the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award is a prestigious award in the United States that recognizes companies that have demonstrated excellence in quality management and overall performance. The award is given by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the recipients are chosen based on a rigorous evaluation process that involves a panel of judges. While there may be some overlap in the evaluation criteria for ISO 9000 and the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, they are separate processes and do not necessarily involve each other. Therefore, a company that has obtained ISO 9000 certification does not automatically mean that they have been audited by a company that has won the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award.
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assume hamburgers and hamburger buns are complements. if a tax is imposed on hamburgers, how will that affect the market for hamburger buns?
If a tax is imposed on hamburgers, the market for hamburger buns is likely to be negatively affected due to their complementary relationship.
Hamburgers and hamburger buns are considered complements, meaning they are typically consumed together. When a tax is imposed on hamburgers, the price of hamburgers increases. This increase in price leads to a decrease in the demand for hamburgers, as consumers are now less willing to pay the higher price. Consequently, the decrease in demand for hamburgers reduces the demand for hamburger buns, as fewer hamburgers are being purchased and consumed.
The imposition of a tax on hamburgers indirectly affects the market for hamburger buns through the change in demand. As the demand for hamburgers decreases, the quantity demanded for hamburger buns also decreases. This can lead to a decrease in the price of hamburger buns as suppliers try to adjust to the reduced demand. In addition, the decrease in demand may also result in lower production levels for hamburger buns, as producers respond to the changing market conditions. Overall, the tax on hamburgers can have a negative impact on the market for hamburger buns due to their complementary relationship and the subsequent changes in demand and supply.
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A firm has a cobb douglas production functionq = AL^{}\alpha K^{}\beta, where\alpha +\beta = 1. On the basis of this information, what properties does its cost function have?
The firms long run average cost curve
A. is U shaped
B. exhibits economies of scale
C. exhibits no economies of scale
D. is upward sloping
E. is downward sloping
A firm has a Cobb Douglas production function [tex]q = AL^{\alpha} K^{\beta},[/tex] where α + β = 1. On the basis of this information, the properties of its cost function have is exhibit economies of scale. The correct option is B.
The Cobb-Douglas production function is a widely used production function in economics, where the firm produces output (q) by combining labor (L) and capital (K) with a productivity factor (A).
The function is given by [tex]q = AL^\alpha K^\beta[/tex], where α and β are the elasticity of output with respect to labor and capital, respectively, and α + β = 1.
The cost function for the Cobb-Douglas production function can be derived using the concept of marginal product of labor and capital. The cost function will exhibit economies of scale if the sum of the exponents of labor and capital is less than one (α + β < 1), indicating that the cost per unit of output decreases as the scale of production increases.
Therefore, the answer is (B) – the Cobb-Douglas production function exhibits economies of scale. The long-run average cost (LRAC) curve for the firm is also U-shaped when there are economies of scale.
The LRAC initially declines as the firm increases its scale of production due to the economies of scale. However, beyond a certain level of output, the LRAC begins to increase due to the diseconomies of scale. Therefore, for a firm with a Cobb-Douglas production function, the LRAC curve will be U-shaped.
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portia company is a retailer of hammers. portia pays $3.95 for each hammer and sells them for $8.15. monthly fixed costs are $25,200. the hammer cost is the only variable cost.
To determine the breakeven point in units for Portia Company, we can use the formula:
Breakeven Point (in units) = Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin per Unit
First, let's calculate the contribution margin per unit:
Contribution Margin per Unit = Selling Price per Unit - Variable Cost per Unit
Selling Price per Unit = $8.15
Variable Cost per Unit = $3.95
Contribution Margin per Unit = $8.15 - $3.95 = $4.20
Now, we can calculate the breakeven point in units:
Breakeven Point (in units) = $25,200 / $4.20 = 6,000 units
Therefore, Portia Company needs to sell 6,000 hammers to cover its fixed costs and reach the breakeven point.
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the value of net exports equals the value of a. national saving – net capital outflow. b. national saving – domestic investment. c. national saving. d. public saving.
The value of net exports equals the value of option a: national saving minus net capital outflow.
Net exports represent the difference between a country's exports and imports. It measures the value of goods and services that a country sells to the rest of the world minus the value of goods and services it buys from the rest of the world.
Option a states that net exports equal national saving minus net capital outflow. National saving represents the portion of a country's income that is not consumed but instead saved. It includes savings by households, businesses, and the government. Net capital outflow refers to the difference between the purchase of foreign assets by domestic residents and the purchase of domestic assets by foreigners.
This equation suggests that a country's net exports can be influenced by its saving behavior and capital flows. If a country saves more than it invests domestically (positive net capital outflow), it would have surplus funds to invest abroad, resulting in a decrease in net exports. Conversely, if a country invests more domestically than it saves (negative net capital outflow), it would need to borrow from abroad, leading to an increase in net exports.
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describe how non-US farmers have responded to the pressure from US farmers’ enhanced ability in growing food using advances in aerospace engineering technology (UAVs, GPS).
Non-US farmers have responded to the pressure from US farmers’ enhanced ability in growing food using advances in aerospace engineering technology such as UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and GPS (Global Positioning System) in various ways.
Some farmers have also embraced the use of these technologies in their farming practices to remain competitive in the global market. They have adopted precision agriculture techniques that allow for more efficient use of resources, increased yields, and improved crop quality.
Other farmers have opted to focus on producing unique crops and niche products that are not easily grown using the high-tech methods employed by US farmers. These farmers have leveraged their local knowledge and expertise to create value-added products that cater to the specific needs of their customers.
In some cases, non-US farmers have also formed partnerships with US farmers to share knowledge and expertise. This collaboration has allowed farmers from both sides to learn from each other and adopt new farming practices that improve their productivity and sustainability.
Overall, non-US farmers have responded to the pressure from US farmers’ enhanced ability in growing food using advances in aerospace engineering technology by adopting new farming practices, focusing on unique crops, and forming partnerships to remain competitive in the global market.
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Your client, Summerford, Inc., has a debt agreement with Valley City Bank that includes a number of restrictions and covenants. Violation of any restriction or covenant results in the entire amount of the debt becoming due immediately. For each of the following, provide audit procedures that will address whether Summerford has met the restriction or covenant.
a. A current ratio of at least 1.5 to 1 must be maintained at year end.
b. No dividends may be paid in years in which there is a net loss. When there is net income, no more than one half of the net income may be paid out in dividends.
c. The accounts receivable inventory serve as security on the loan.
d. The total of the president's and vice president's salaries may not exceed $800,000 during the duration of the loan.
e. Monthly payments as per the agreement are due by the 10th of the following month.
a. To address whether Summerford has met the current ratio restriction, the auditor can perform the following audit procedures: - Obtain the trial balance and financial statements of Summerford
of Summerford at year-end.
- Calculate the current ratio by dividing current assets by current liabilities. - Compare the calculated current ratio with the required minimum ratio of 1.5 to 1 specified in the debt agreement.
- Investigate any significant variances or discrepancies and discuss with management. - Review supporting documentation and relevant accounts to assess the accuracy and classification of current assets and liabilities.
b. To address compliance with dividend restrictions, the auditor can perform the following audit procedures:
- Obtain the income statement for the year and identify if there was a net loss or net income. - Calculate the maximum allowable dividend payout based on one-half of the net income, if applicable.
- Compare the actual dividends paid, as disclosed by the client, with the allowable limit. - Review board minutes or dividend declarations to verify the accuracy of dividend payments.
- Investigate any nces of non-compliance and discuss with management.
c. To address the accounts receivable inventory serving as security, the auditor can perform the following audit procedures: - Obtain the loan agreement and review the terms and conditions related to the accounts receivable inventory as security.
- Inspect the supporting documentation for the accounts receivable, including invoices, sales contracts, and customer records. - Perform confirmation procedures with selected customers to verify the existence and ownership of the accounts receivable.
- Evaluate the appropriateness of the valuation and classification of the accounts receivable and assess the sufficiency of the allowance for doubtful accounts.
d. To address the salary restriction for the president and vice president, the auditor can perform the following audit procedures: - Obtain the employment contracts or agreements for the president and vice president.
- Review the payroll records and documentation supporting their salaries. - Compare the cumulative salaries paid to the president and vice president with the specified limit of $800,000.
- Verify the accuracy of the payroll calculations and ensure compliance with any related bonus or incentive arrangements. - Discuss with management any potential nces of non-compliance and assess their explanations and justifications.
e. To address compliance with the monthly payment due date, the auditor can perform the following audit procedures:
- Obtain the loan agreement and review the terms and conditions related to the monthly payments. - Review bank statements or other supporting documentation to verify the timing and amount of the monthly payments.
- Compare the payment dates recorded by the client with the specified due date of the 10th of the following month. - Investigate any delays or discrepancies and discuss with management.
- Reconcile the payments made to the loan agreement to ensure accuracy and completeness.
It's important to note that these audit procedures are general examples and may need to be tailored based on the specific circumstances and terms of the debt agreement. Additionally, auditors may need to consider other relevant procedures and obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to support their conclusions.
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