The growing protein chain is held in the ribosomal P site as a new codon is being read.
The process of protein synthesis occurs through the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids in the growing polypeptide chain. The ribosome, consisting of rRNA and protein molecules, acts as a molecular machine that reads the mRNA and translates it into a protein sequence.
During translation, the ribosome holds the growing polypeptide chain in the P site, while a new tRNA carrying the appropriate amino acid binds to the A site. The ribosome catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acid in the A site and the growing chain in the P site. This process continues as the ribosome moves along the mRNA strand, reading each codon and adding the appropriate amino acid to the growing chain.
Once the entire protein sequence has been read and synthesized, the ribosome dissociates from the mRNA, releasing the completed protein. In summary, the ribosomal P site is where the growing protein chain is held during translation as a new codon is being read and translated into a protein sequence.
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The growing protein chain is held in the P site as a new codon is being read.
During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA codons and uses them to assemble a protein chain. The protein chain is held by a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule in the P site (peptidyl-tRNA site) of the ribosome. As the ribosome reads the next codon, a new tRNA molecule carrying the appropriate amino acid enters the A site (aminoacyl-tRNA site) of the ribosome. The ribosome then transfers the growing protein chain from the tRNA in the P site to the amino acid on the tRNA in the A site, forming a peptide bond. The ribosome then moves to the next codon and repeats the process, elongating the protein chain one amino acid at a time.
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Creta, M. et al. Inhibition of Androgen Signalling Improves the Outcomes of Therapies for Bladder Cancer: Results from a Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies. Diagnostics (Basel) 11, doi:10.3390/diagnostics11020351 (2021).
Bladder cancer (BCa) is an endocrine-related tumor and the activation of androgen signaling pathways may promote bladder tumorigenesis.
Abstract:We compiled the research on the effects of altering androgen signaling pathways on Bladder cancer therapy outcomes, both preclinical and clinical. A thorough analysis was done in December 2020. The following criteria were met by the papers we included: examining the effects of androgen signaling regulation on the results of Bladder cancer treatments through innovative preclinical and clinical studies. Eight clinical trials and six preclinical studies were found. Preclinical research shows that the activity of radiation, doxorubicin, cisplatin, gemcitabine, and the Bacillus Calmette Guerin may be affected by the modification of androgen receptor-related pathways.
Patients receiving treatment with 5-ARIs or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) have a considerably lower relative risk of developing Bladder cancer again after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) (Relative risk: 0.50, 95 percent confidence interval: 0.30-0.82; p = 0.006). In patients using 5-ARIs, subgroup analysis showed a relative risk of BCa recurrence of 0.46 (95% CI: 0.22-0.95; p = 0.040). The ratio of T1 Bladder cancer patients in treated/control groups and the relative risk of BCa recurrence were found to be significantly negatively correlated. A promising technique to lower the recurrence rate of Bladder cancer, particularly in patients with early-stage disease, may involve 5-ARI therapy. To corroborate these early findings, additional research is required.
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Question 7 of 10
Why are certain traits adaptations in one ecosystem, but not in another?
A. Organisms lose adaptations when they migrate.
B. Organisms can learn new adaptations.
C. Ecosystems can have different conditions.
D. All ecosystems have the same amount of competition.
Answer:
C. Ecosystems can have different conditions
Explanation:
Different systems have different ecosystems meaning different things will happen to the life inhabiting them
Use the numbers 1,2,3,4 and 5 to place the protein creation steps below in the correct order.
Answer:
Explanation:
1) Activation of the Amino Acids
2) Transfer of the Amino Acids to tRNA
3) Initiation of polypeptide chain
4) Chain Termination
5) Protein Translocation
During the alarm stage of the body’s stress response, what emergency hormone is released to prepare the body to respond to a stressor?.
The emergency hormone released is adrenaline.
What are the roles of the hormone adrenaline?Some of the neurons in the central nervous system and the medulla of the adrenal glands both create adrenaline. In a stressful circumstance, adrenaline is immediately released into the blood, sending signals to the organs to trigger a certain response, within a few minutes.
Depending on the sort of cells it is working upon, adrenaline has a wide range of diverse effects. However, adrenaline's general impact is to get the body ready for the "fight or flight" reaction under stress, that is, for quick and/or forceful action.
Key effects of adrenaline include speeding up heartbeat, raising blood pressure, widening the pupil of the eye, lessening pain sensitivity, improving vision, hearing, and other senses, slowing digestion, rerouting blood to the muscles, and changing the body's metabolism to maximize oxygen and nutrients to the body and raise blood glucose levels.
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How does sweating during exercise help maintain homeostasis?
A.It regulates water concentration in the cells.
B.It regulates body temperature.
C.It regulates ion concentrations in the cells.
D.It regulates transport between cells.
The correct option is B. It regulates body temperature.
What is homeostasis?In biology, homeostasis is the condition of steady internal, physical, and chemical requirements maintained by living systems.
This is the requirement of optimal functioning for the organism and contains many variables, such as body temperature and fluid balance, being kept within certain pre-set limitations (homeostatic range). Other variables include the pH of extracellular fluid, the engagements of sodium, potassium, and calcium ions, as competently as the blood sugar level, and these need to be regulated despite changes in the atmosphere, diet, or level of activity. Each of these variables is controlled by one or better controllers or homeostatic mechanisms, which together maintain life.Homeostasis exist obtained about by a natural resistance to switch when already in the optimal conditions, and balance is maintained by many regulatory mechanisms. All homeostatic control mechanisms include at least three interdependent elements for the variable being regulated: a receptor, a control center, and an effector.To learn more about homeostasis, refer:
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What structure is found in all cells that encloses the cell to form the outside?
A. Eukaryotic cells are simpler than prokaryotic cells.
B. Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.
C. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, and eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.
Answer: I think its c?
Explanation:
When the number of enzymes needed to break down a drug in the liver increases, it is called:_______
When the number of enzymes needed to break down a drug in the live increases , its is called as Cytochrome P-450 enzymes. It is a group of enzymes that helps in to breakdown to drug via primary mechanism for metabolizing .
Drug metabolism are the breakdown by living organism .and they divided into three phases , first is cytocromes p450 oxidases which react into xenobiotic . second phase is where compounds conjugated to polar compounds. in last phase conjugated xenobiotics processed and converted into lipophilic compounds.
Some drug such as rifampin, work as a inducers they increase the P-450 enzymes level in the liver.
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In addition to their distinctive subsistence strategies, horticulturalists are characterized by what features
In addition to their distinctive subsistence strategies, horticulturalists are characterized by a large population and land ownership.
What are subsistence strategies?A subsistence pattern often called a subsistence strategy, is the way a civilization meets its fundamental necessities for survival. This includes having access to food, water, and shelter. Foraging, horticulture, pastoralism, agriculture, and industrial food production are the five basic groups of subsistence patterns.
The earliest kind of subsistence is foraging, which was the mainstay of all human cultures up until about 10,000 years ago. Horticultural societies often use basic tools for small-scale gardening. Higher population densities are possible using these strategies, but they still rely on the availability of lots of undeveloped lands. The intensive upkeep and cultivation of land for food production is known as agriculture.
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A population of sunfish live in a lake. in ecology, that lake is classified as a:________
A population of sunfish live in a lake. in ecology, that lake is classified as a habitat.
The term "habitat" encapsulates the variety of materials, biotic elements, and physical elements that exist in a place, such as to enable the life and procreation of a population. An animal's habitat can be thought of as the outward representation of its biological niche. Thus, the term "habitat" refers to a specific species and is fundamentally distinct from ideas like the environment or vegetation assemblages, which are better described by the term "habitat-type." Important variables in lake include the water's velocity, temperature, and oxygen saturation.
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A student set up an experiment to show the effect of light color on photosynthesis in Elodea plants. She filled two test tubes with distilled water and placed a piece of Elodea in each of the tubes. She added a drop of phenol red, which turns red in a basic solution and yellow in an acidic solution. She blew in each tube before placing the volumeters on the top of the tube. Why did she blow into the tube
A student set up an experiment to show the effect of light color on photosynthesis in Elodea plants. She filled two test tubes with distilled water and placed a piece of Elodea in each of the tubes. She added a drop of phenol red, which turns red in a basic solution and yellow in an acidic solution. She blew in each tube before placing the volumeters on the top of the tube to add carbon di oxide.
She blew in the test tubes to add the carbon di oxide to the tube which caused the distilled water to become more acidic so the phenol red turned yellow, and when she exposes the tubes to different set of color lights. So, in the presence of light it turn the water into red color, which shows the process of photosynthesis depending on the wavelength of different color.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was…
A student set up an experiment to show the effect of light color on photosynthesis in Elodea plants. She filled two test tubes with distilled water and placed a piece of Elodea in each of the tubes. She added a drop of phenol red, which turns red in a basic solution and yellow in an acidic solution. She blew in each tube before placing the volumeters on the top of the tube. Why did she blow into the tube? Multiple Choice
1) to add oxygen to the tube
2) to add carbon dioxide to the tube
3) to add carbohydrates to the tube
4) to add sodium bicarbonate to the tube
There are more hydrogen atoms in living organisms than any other atom, but oxygen is more abundant in terms of mass.
Why is this statement true?
According to grime, which strategy is followed by stress-tolerant species?
According to grime, the S strategy is followed by stress-tolerant species.
For plants especially, Grime created a life-history model. Grime categorized factors that restrict plant biomass or productivity in this model in the ways shown as follows. Any condition is known as stress limits plant growth. Examples include a lack of nutrients, water, light, or a low temperature. A disturbance is the partial or complete loss of plant biomass brought on by herbivores, pathogens, or human activity, as well as by environmental variables such as wind, frost, desiccation, soil erosion, or fire. The propensity of nearby plants to share the same amount of space, water molecule, ion of mineral nutrient, or quantum of light is known as competition. Numerous studies have demonstrated that while competitiveness is significant under productive conditions, its significance diminishes as productivity increases.
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EdgeProps: A Computational Platform for Correlative Analysis of Cell Dynamics and Near-Edge Protein Activity
Developing molecular tools to visualize and control Rho GTPase signaling in living cells has been instrumental in elucidating the mechanisms of cytoskeletal reorganization and causal relationships between activation events in cell function.
What is EdgeProps ?The EdgeProps is a collection of MATLAB scripts divided into three folders corresponding to the three modules of the pipeline.
Each folder includes the main file of the program, supporting functions, and an example of data that can be used for getting acquainted with the functionality of the tool. Each module represents a graphical user interface (GUI) with an intuitive user-friendly design.Learn more about EdgeProps here:
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When people attend to certain stimuli available in the environment while filtering out others this is called?
When people attend to certain stimuli available in the environment while filtering out others this is called Selective attention.
It means focusing or paying attention on selected aspects of the environment by blocking out of others. In other words we can say it is a process which allows an individual to select and focus on particular input for any further processing while simultaneously suppressing irrelevant information.
For example- In public place you are talking with any of your friend or family member, then all the other disturbing or distracting noises/sounds will be left unheard to you as you will be paying attention to your particular speaker's words who will be then the center of focus for you.
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One day after a biology class four of your friends argue about the difference between phylogeny and systematics. Which friend is right
Friend A states that systematics and phylogenies are really the same, one is more recent than the other, but basically they are the same.
What is Phylogeny ?Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary development of groups of organisms. The relationships are hypothesized based on the idea that all life is derived from a common ancestor.
What is Systematics ?Systematics is the study of classification of organisms into kingdom, both past and present, and the relationship between living organisms. Solve any question of The Living World with:- Patterns of problems.
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A type of selection that exists between certain inherited conditions and environmental pressures, such as between sickle cell anemia and malaria, that stabilizes the frequency of both alleles is called
Natural selection is a type of selection that exists between certain inherited conditions and environmental pressures.
How does malaria and sickle cell anemia show natural selection?The process through which populations of living things adapt and change is known as natural selection. A population's members are naturally varied, which means that they are all distinctive in some ways. This variety indicates that some people have characteristics that are more environment-appropriate than others. Natural selection is a non-random difference in reproductive output among replicating entities.
It turns out that HbS carriers have been naturally chosen in these regions because the trait gives some malaria resistance. When they are infected with the malaria parasite, their red blood cells, which include some aberrant hemoglobin, have a propensity to sickle. The malaria life cycle intensifies both natural selection and random genetic drift.
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The universal biohazard symbol shall be placed on which of the following items for labeling to indicate the presence of a potential risk
The universal biohazard symbol shall be placed on Laboratory equipment housing biohazards (such as incubators and freezers) to indicate the presence of a potential risk.
What is Biohazard?Any biological or chemical substance that poses a risk to people, animals, or the environment is referred to as a biohazard. Body fluids, human tissue, blood, and recombinant DNA can all fall under this category. All human waste should be handled and disposed of appropriately since biohazards have the potential to infect anyone who is exposed to them.
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The limbic system and reticular formation are located ______.
The limbic system and reticular formation are located throughout two (2) or more areas of the brain.
What is the limbic system?The limbic system is a system of the cerebrum associated with behavior, feelings, and emotions such as feeding sensations.
This system (limbic system) is well known to be involved in the flight/fight stimuli response.
In conclusion, the limbic system and reticular formation are located throughout two (2) or more areas of the brain.
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The peoples of ancient mesopotamia tended to see the world as a hazardous place because:_______
The peoples of ancient Mesopotamia tended to see the world as a hazardous place because of the unpredictable flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
The civilization of ancient Mesopotamia grew up alongside the banks of two outstanding rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris.
Within the midst of a full-size desert, the peoples of Mesopotamia relied upon these rivers to offer ingesting water, agricultural irrigation, and most important transportation routes.
He notes that an irrigation device that allotted water from the Euphrates and Tigris rivers had to be used to develop crops.
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If one day you are less able to recognize familiar sounds, this lobe of the cortex is probably at fault?
If one day you are less able to recognize familiar sounds, Temporal lobe of the cortex is probably at fault.
One of the cortex's four main lobes is the temporal lobe. It is primarily in charge of deciphering the sounds coming from the ears and is crucial for understanding and using language. The temporal lobe collaborates with other neural regions to form fresh, long-term memories, and it aids in object recognition as well.It is also thought that the temporal lobes are crucial for processing affect/emotions, language, and some facets of visual perceptionThe left side of the dominant temporal lobe, which is the side in most people, is involved in verbal learning and memory as well as language comprehension.People who suffer temporal lobe lesions have trouble categorizing words, sounds, or visuals. Damage to the temporal lobe can have an impact on language.learn more about temporal lobe here: https://brainly.com/question/1004131
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1. Following a bicycle accident, you are disturbed to fi nd that you cannot see anything in your left visual fi eld. Where has the retinofugal pathway been damaged
The place where the Retinofugal pathway has been damaged is the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus.
What is Lateral Geniculate Nucleus?
The lateral geniculate nucleus is a structure present in the Thalamus of the brain. It connects the visual pathway with the primary visual cortex of the brain.
Any damage to the lateral geniculate nucleus leads to partial or complete loss of vision.
Also, the visual pathway can be affected at various levels thus presenting various types of visual losses.
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The human body is uniquely designed to respond to stress and, if necessary, make changes to maintain optimal health and physiological functioning. What is this process called?
The human body is uniquely designed to respond to stress and body's tendency to monitor ans maintain internal stakes, such as temperature or blood sugar, at fairly constant and stable.
In Homeostasis is an organism's ability to regulate various physiological process to keep internal states steady and balanced. Its helps in maintain the internal environment without being overcome by external stimuli that exist to disrupt the balance.
Homeostasis is the process by which body react to changes in order to keep conditions inside the body.The ability to maintain the temperature of human body is good example of homeostasis which is maintained by controlling the mechanism of functioning of organs and tissues/ cellular level , which includes activation or inhibition of individual enzymes.
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After atp donates a phosphate group to a coupled reaction, then it becomes adp. The adp:
The ADP can be recharged with the uptake of energy to form ATP.
How does ADP get recharged?
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is the energy-carrying molecule used by cells because it has a rapid rate of energy release.
When the end phosphate is taken out, ATP releases energy. ADP (adenosine diphosphate), a low-energy molecule, is created when ATP releases energy.
These molecules can be recharged, ensuring that all of the cell's metabolic pathways have access to a steady stream of ATP that is high in energy.
To provide a reaction with the necessary energy, nearly all cellular functions require ATP.
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Which type of rock would form if the sandstone rock in this image were put
under a great deal of heat and pressure?
O A. Extrusive igneous
B. Intrusive igneous
C. Sedimentary
D. Metamorphic
Determine the dna sequence by analyzing the location of each nucleotide across the four lanes of the electrophoresis instrument. provide the dna sequence as your answer here.
The specific electrophoretic diagram required to determine the DNA sequence is not found here but this technique refers to Sanger sequencing.
What is Sanger sequencing?Sanger sequencing is a technique used in molecular biology and genetics to determine the linear order of nucleotide bases in a given genomic sequence, which is fundamental to identifying alleles in a genome.
This technique (Sanger sequencing) is based on the use of certain analogous nucleotides that stop the process of amplification, which can be subsequently evidenced in an electrophoresis gel.
In conclusion, the specific electrophoretic diagram required to determine the DNA sequence is not found here but this technique refers to Sanger sequencing.
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Suppose a mouse develops loss of sodium pump activity in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle in all of the nephrons in both kidneys. What problem would you expect this mouse to have?.
The problem that we would expect this mouse to have is a tendency to drink more water than normal accompanied by excretion of dilute urine.
What is Sodium Potassium pump?The sodium-potassium pump is a protein that has been found in many cells and is responsible for keeping the internal concentration of sodium ions [Na+] lower than that of the surrounding medium (blood, body fluid, or water) and the internal concentration of potassium ions [K+] higher than that of the surrounding medium (blood, body fluid, or water). The adenosine-triphosphatase (ATPase)-active pump travels across the cell membrane and is triggered by both internal and external [K+] and [Na+].
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An object created by human beings that is of cultural interest is a(n) __________.
An object created by human beings that is of cultural interest is an artifact.
A human-made object is referred to as an artifact. The term "artifact" refers to anything created by a person or group of people, regardless of time or location, including works of art, tools, and clothes.
The word can also be used to describe a piece of broken pottery or glass or other object remnants. For academics seeking to understand a culture, artifacts are of great value. Historical and cultural, media, knowledge, and data are the four different types of artifacts.
Therefore, An object created by human beings that is of cultural interest is an artifact.
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What is the proper method for cleansing the evacuation port of a wound drainage system?
The proper method for cleansing the evacuation port of a wound drainage system is wiping it with an alcohol sponge and is denoted as option D.
What is a Wound drainage system?This is a system which is designed to ensure the wound is in the best condition for regeneration and healing such as removal of foreign materials or making it moist.
Alcohol helps to sterilize the affected area and makes it moist thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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The options are:
A. Cleanse it with normal saline.
B. Wash it with soap and warm water.
C. Rinse it with sterile water.
D. Wipe it with an alcohol sponge.
What evidence suggests that proteins are synthesized and modified in the rough er as opposed to the smooth er?
The presence of ribosomes on the rough ER suggests that the proteins are synthesized as well as modified there as opposed to the smooth ER.
Ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of proteins from the amino acids. They translate each codon on the RNA template and match it with the appropriate amino acid to make a protein. This process is known as translation. Ribosomes can be found free in the cytosol or attached to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. When the ribosomes are bound to it, it is known as the rough ER and without it, it is called smooth ER. Smooth ER performs different functions like the synthesis of lipids and phospholipids. Since it does not have ribosomes, it cannot synthesize proteins.
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Which nerve (indicated by the red arrow) emerging from the cervical plexus provides innervation to the diaphragm?
The nerve that provides innervation to the diaphragm which emerges from the cervical plexus is the phrenic nerve.
What is a nerve?A nerve is the structure of the nervous system of the body that transfers information as an electrical impulse from various parts of the body.
Various organs of the body are being supplied or innervated by a particular type of nerve.
The cervical plexus is a nerve structure that is located at the head and neck region of the body.
An extension form this plexus is the phrenic nerve which supplies to the diaphragm.
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