The endosperm, which is the biggest tissue in the barley grain, is commonly referred as the "starchy endosperm." The aleurone layer and the embryo, however
What is endosperm, and what does it do?
By providing nutrition, safeguarding the embryo, and regulating embryo growth by functioning as a mechanical barrier throughout seed development and germination, the endosperm plays a crucial part in sustaining embryonic growth.
What do you mean by endosperm?
After twofold fertilization, the endosperm tissue is found inside the seed of the majority of angiosperms. It nourishes the developing embryo and is high in proteins, carbs, and fats.
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why are seedless vascular plants considered paraphyletic rather than monophyletic?
Compared to non-vascular plants, vascular plants that do not produce seeds have a more recent common ancestor. The several groupings seen in seedless vascular plants do not have a common ancestor.
Are vascular seedless plants a paraphyletic group?Ferns and Lycophytes are two separate lineages that make up the paraphyletic group of creatures known as SVPs. The following traits are present in both of these lineages: In terms of morphology, sporophytes grow a variety of complex tissues, such as lignified vascular tissue, real roots, stems, and leaves.
What makes vascular plants without seeds unique?Plants with vascular tissue but no flowers or seeds are said to be seedless vascular plants. Unlike other vascular plants, which produce seeds, ferns and horsetails reproduce by producing haploid, unicellular spores.
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if the nitrogen-fixing bacteria were destroyed by a virus, the most likely result would be
The most likely outcome would be a reduction in the amount of nitrogen compounds that organisms could access if the nitrogen-fixing bacteria were eliminated by a virus.
Plants and animals wouldn't get the nitrogen molecules they require to perform specific tasks if all nitrogen-fixing bacteria vanished. Without this crucial source of nitrogen, plants would likely become sick and die, which would result in decreases in animal numbers.
The nitrogen cycle would not be kept in balance without decomposers and other kinds of bacteria. Plants would most likely disappear, and the food chain would break down. Certain soil bacteria and fungi, which operate as the decomposers, break down the proteins in dead animals and other organic matter to release ammonium ions, which can then be used to make other nitrogen compounds.
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the physical barriers of the skin and gi tract support the ______ immune response.
The physical barriers of the skin and GI tract support the nonspecific (innate) immune response. Hence, the correct answer is nonspecific (innate).
What do we understand by immune response?How the body protects itself from substances it perceives as dangerous or foreign. Based on its recognition of antigens (typically proteins) on the surfaces of substances or microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, the immune system attacks and destroys, or attempts to destroy, them.
A strong immune system can combat pathogens (disease-causing microorganisms) that infiltrate healthy tissue, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and cancer cells. The fight against the COVID-19 pandemic is dependent on our understanding of how the immune system works and how we can better protect our bodies.
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Many bacteria adapt to adverse environmental conditions by modifying the composition of their cell membranes. For example, the membranes of bacteria subjected to heat stress often contain high levels of which of these compounds?Choose one:A. unsaturated fatty acidsB. saturated fatty acidsC. cholesterolD. ether-linked terpenoidsE. polyunsaturated fatty acids
Many bacteria adapt to adverse environmental conditions by modifying the composition of their cell membranes. For example, the membranes of bacteria subjected to heat stress often contain high levels of which of these compounds are unsaturated fatty acids.
How can it be explained in detail?Increases in the amount of unsaturated fatty acids are one of the most frequent alterations that bacteria make to their cell membranes in order to adapt to heat stress. This is because double bonds, which are found in the tails of unsaturated fatty acids, prohibit them from packing firmly together. The membrane becomes more fluid and flexible as a result, enabling it to continue to operate and preserve its integrity at high temperatures. The membrane becomes more stiff and is less able to withstand heat stress when saturated fatty acids are present. Since they lack double bonds, their straight tails can pack closely together.
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Why evaporation of water is a physical change ?
Evaporation of water is a physical change rather than a chemical change it is because of following ways :
When a liquid evaporates, its chemical composition remains unchanged. The only difference is a phase shift caused by temperature and pressure. As a result, evaporation, or the transition from liquid to gas, is a physical change.
Water evaporation is a physical change because it involves a change in state from a liquid to a gas with no change in the chemical composition of the substance. Water molecules absorb energy in the form of heat during evaporation, which increases their kinetic energy and causes them to move faster. The molecules gain enough energy as they move faster to overcome the intermolecular forces that hold them together as a liquid and escape into the air as water vapour.
Evaporation is a physical change because the water molecules do not change and no new substances are formed. The only thing that changes is the water's state, which changes from liquid to gas. This change in state is caused by the water molecules absorbing energy, which increases their motion and causes them to break free from the liquid phase. As a result, water evaporation is regarded as a physical rather than a chemical change.
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What is the term to describe a fish at the post larval stage?
Beginning when the morphological transition from larva to juvenile, or when the larva acquires the characteristics of a usable fish, is known as the juvenile stage.
Fish eggs and larvae that cannot actively swim against currents are known as ichthyoplankton. Ichthyoplankton are remarkable because of how different they are from adults in appearance due to the difficulties of being so small and at sea.
As they grow into adults, fry go through numerous further developmental phases, which vary depending on the species. Throughout their first few months, young fish are typically referred to as fry (during their first few months to just less than one year in some species).
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the alleles that an individual inherits for a given gene make up the individuals genotype
Phenotype is the term used to describe how an organism expresses its genotype. Even when just one dominant allele is inherited, the phenotype will always show the expression of the dominant allele. Only when two recessive alleles are inherited does a recessive allele manifest itself in the phenotype.
The portion of a chromosome known as a gene codes for a certain protein. The locus of a gene is that location on a chromosome. Alleles are various variations of a given gene. Homologous chromosomes are paired chromosomes of the same type. They share the same genes at the same loci, and they are the same size and shape.
A heterozygote is a person with two different alleles, while a homozygote is an organism with two copies of the same allele.
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Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes _____.
A) a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
B) no change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate
C) a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
D) no change in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
Hemorrhage:
Blood loss is referred to as bleeding, sometimes known as hemorrhage. It can refer to bleeding that occurs inside the body (internal bleeding) or outside the body (external bleeding).Almost any part of the body can lose blood.When a blood artery or organ is injured, internal bleeding can occur. When there is a rupture in the skin, external bleeding occurs.These three forms of hemorrhage differ from one another in terms of location, flow, and intensity. In particular, capillary bleeding trickles from the body whereas venous blood runs gradually. Arterial bleeding spews out in bursts. There might be considerable bleeding from the arteries and veins.To learn more on hemorrhage click,
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During the breakdown of glucose, why is it beneficial to release energy a little at a time rather than all at once?
Breaking down glucose and releasing energy a little at a time is beneficial for reasons like:
Efficient use of energyAvoidance of damageRegulation of metabolismMore ATP productionGlucose is a simple sugar, also known as a monosaccharide, which is the most important source of energy for our body's cells. It is a type of carbohydrate and is the primary source of energy for our brain, muscles, and other organs.
Glucose is produced by the digestion of carbohydrates that we eat, such as sugars and starches, and is transported in the bloodstream to our cells where it is used as fuel. It is also stored in the liver and muscles in the form of glycogen, which can be quickly broken down into glucose when needed.
The release of energy a little at a time is a more efficient and beneficial way for cells to break down glucose and utilize the energy released.
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The volume of blood that leaves the ____ must be close to the volume that returns.
A. capillary
B. hydrostatic pressure
C. plasma proteins
D. arteriolar
The volume of blood that leaves the capillary must be close to the volume that returns.
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body, where the exchange of substances between blood and tissues occurs. The volume of blood that leaves the capillary bed must be b to the volume that returns to maintain adequate perfusion and avoid fluid accumulation. This balance is achieved through the regulation of various factors, including hydrostatic pressure, oncotic pressure, and lymphatic drainage. Disruptions in this balance can lead to tissue damage and edema. Therefore, maintaining a delicate balance of capillary filtration and reabsorption is critical for the proper functioning of the circulatory system and overall health of the body.
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true or false statement, mitotic cell division is never used by organisms as a means of reproduction.
It is true how no living entity has ever reproduced through mitotic cell division.
Do creatures never reproduce by mitotic cell division?Organisms never ever use mitotic division division for reproduction. The karyotype of a typical male person would contain 23 homologous chromosomes. If a cell has packaging of DNA in G2, it will then contain 40 pieces of histone in S.
Does mitotic cell division aid in reproduction?Some species use mitotic cell division to procreate or create new creatures. For instance, single-celled eukaryotic organisms like amoebas reproduce through the process of mitosis. A single-celled organism eventually splits in two as it grows.
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What is the name formula for manganese II chloride?
As the dichloride salt for any type of manganese, MnCl₂, manganese(II) chloride is a substance. Manganese also has a variety of common oxidation states, like other transition metals.
The substance that is the most stable, +2, appears in aqueous solutions as a light pink tint. Organomanganese reagents in organic chemistry are synthesized from manganese chloride. In order to make dry cell batteries, manganese chloride is primarily used.
These substances can coexist if they have a lower oxidation number and cannot be reduced by one another. In light of the fact that Sn2+ cannot decrease Fe2+, FeCl2 and SnCl2 can coexist. The lungs, liver, and kidneys all suffer harm from prolonged exposure. Another neurological disorder called manganism can result from exposure to manganese dust or fumes.
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In messenger RNA, each codon specifies a particulara. nucleotide b. enzyme c. amino acid d. promoter
Answer:
amino acid
Explanation:
What is tibia and fibula labeled ?
Tibia and fibula are labelled in the leg portion of the body as they represent bones attached to each other which assist in motion.
Tibia is the larger bone while Fibula is the smaller bone on the outside. Tibia is thicker than fibula and is used to carry the heavy weight of the upper body of the individual. The fibula supports the tibia and helps stabilize the ankle and lower leg muscles. Both the bones are joined together in the form of ancient brooch. The head of both tibia and fibula are joined together. Fibula runs from knee till the ankle. Tibia is also called as shin bone. Both the bones together help in providing stability and support to the body.
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A male fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) with red eyes and long wings was mated with a female with purple eyes and vestigial wings. All of the offspring in the F1 generation had red eyes and long wings. These F1 flies were test crossed with purple-eyed, vestigial-winged flies. Their offspring, the F2 generation, appeared as indicated below.
If in the F1 and F2 generations the same characteristics appeared in both males and females, it would be safe to assume that these traits for eye color and wing length are...
Pilihan jawaban
are sex-linked
are sex-influenced characteristics
are autosomal characteristics
follow the Mendelian rule of independent assortment
On same chromosome come the genes for wing shape and eye colour.
the fruit fly's genes for wing size and eye colour On the fly's X chromosome is where Drosophila melanogaster can be found. Chromosome 15 has a specific area that is important for determining eye colour. OCA2 and HERC2 are two genes within this area that are situated quite close to one another. Linked genes are those that reside on the same chromosome. Linkage explains why some traits are typically passed down in families. The mutant variants of the wild type features red eyes and straight wings are purple eye (pr), arc bent wing (a), and vestigial wings (vg).
(A male fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) with red eyes and long wings was mated with a female with purple
eyes and vestigial wings. All of the offsprings in the F1 generation had red eyes and long wings. These F1
flies were test crossed with purple eyed, vestigial winged flies. Their offspring, the F2 generation, appeared
as indicated below.
125
124
18
red eyes, long wings
purple eyes, vestigial wings
purple eyes, long wings
red eyes, vestigial wings
Total
16
283
If in the F1 and F2 generations the same characteristics appeared in both male and females, it would be safe
to assume that these traits for eye color and wing length
a. are sex-linked.
b. vary in dominance according to sex.
c. are sex-influenced characteristics.
d. follow the Mendelian rule of independent assortment.)
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dna is constructed of four different types of proteins. (true or false)
Answer: False
Explanation:
What organelles contain acid hydrolase and break down substances?
Many acid hydrolases are present in lysosomes, but they are inactive at the neutral pH of the cytosol. This is because the lysosomes maintain an acidic pH. These organelles contain acid hydrolase and break down substances.
In the study of cell biology, an organelle is a specialised subunit with a specific function that is frequently seen within a cell. The diminutive ending -elle in their name indicates that organelles are parts of cells, just way organs are in the body. Organelles are either separately encased within their own lipid bilayers (also known as membrane-bound organelles) or they are spatially discrete functional entities without a surrounding lipid bilayer (non-membrane bound organelles). Despite the fact that most organelles are vital parts of cells, the term "organelle" is frequently used to describe cilia, the flagellum and archaellum, and the trichocyst.
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What is anatomy of neck glands ?
The anatomy of the neck glands refers to the structure and location of the glands found in the neck region of the human body. There are several glands located in the neck, including the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, and lymph nodes.
The thyroid gland is located at the base of the neck, below the Adam's apple. It is a butterfly-shaped gland that produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolism. The parathyroid glands are four small glands located behind the thyroid gland. They produce hormones that regulate calcium levels in the body.
The lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands that are part of the lymphatic system. They are found throughout the body, including in the neck region. The lymph nodes in the neck are responsible for filtering lymph fluid and removing harmful substances such as bacteria and cancer cells.
In conclusion, the anatomy of the neck glands includes the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, and lymph nodes, each with their own specific structure and function in the body.
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what is a substance produced in the liver, but stored and secreted by the gallbladder.?
The substance produced in the liver, but stored and secreted by the gallbladder is called bile.
The digestion and absorption of dietary lipids will depends upon bile, a greenish-yellow fluid. In addition to other things, it is comprised of water, bile acids, cholesterol, and bilirubin.
The gallbladder contracts as food enter the small intestine, releasing bile into the duodenum through the common bile duct, where it aids in emulsifying lipids and makes it easier for them to be absorbe into the bloodstream.
Without bile, the body may find it challenging to process and assimilate dietary fats, which will be the significant source of energy and imperative unsaturated fats.
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What is the impulse that earth exerts on it during the first 0. 50 s of its fall?.
Since the impulse is equal to the change in momentum, the impulse that the Earth exerts on the object during the first 0.50 s of its fall is also 4.9 N s (newton seconds).
To calculate the impulse that the Earth exerts on an object during its fall, we can use the impulse-momentum theorem, which states that the impulse on an object is equal to the change in its momentum. The momentum of an object is given by the product of its mass and velocity.
Let's assume that the object has a mass of 1 kg and is falling freely due to gravity. The acceleration due to gravity near the Earth's surface is approximately 9.8 m/s^2.
During the first 0.50 s of the object's fall, its velocity increases from 0 m/s to (9.8 m/s^2) x (0.50 s) = 4.9 m/s.
Therefore, the initial momentum of the object is (1 kg) x (0 m/s) = 0 kg m/s, and its final momentum is (1 kg) x (4.9 m/s) = 4.9 kg m/s.
The change in momentum is (4.9 kg m/s) - (0 kg m/s) = 4.9 kg m/s.
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How does attention work neuroscience?
In neuroscience, attention works as the cognitive process by which an individual selectively focuses on certain aspects of the environment while ignoring others.
The study of attention involves multiple brain areas and networks, and there is still much to learn about how attention works in the brain. However, some general principles have been established.
The brain areas that are involved in attention include the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in planning and decision-making; the parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial processing and attentional control; and the thalamus, which relays sensory information to the cortex. There are also subcortical areas, such as the superior colliculus and the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, that are involved in the control of attention.
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(complete question)
How does attention work in neuroscience?
what name the three layers of the heart wall, and indicate the layer that is also called the visceral pericardium?A. EpicardiumB. MyocardiumC.Endocardium
The heart wall is made up of three layers of tissue. The epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium are the heart wall's three outer, middle, and inner layers, respectively.
What are the heart's three layers, and what layer is also known as the visceral pericardium?The outermost layer pericardium, middle temporal pericardium, and inner epicardium (sometimes known as the visceral pericardium) are the three membrane layers that make up the pericardium, which surrounds the outside of the heart.
What are the heart wall's three principal layers?There are three layers that make up the heart's wall: the epicardium, myocardium, or endocardium. In terms of embryology, the multiple levels of blood arteries and the two rows of the brain are analogous.
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Identify five adaptations made by animals in a garden.
Answer:
Fur or hair
colors
body parts like claws or bare paws
defenses
diet
Explanation:
What are vaccines made of?AntibioticsHealthy Foods"Good" GermsWeakened or dead germs that cause the disease
Antigens, which are very minute levels of disease-causing, weak or dead microbes, are provided by ingredients. By exposing the immune system to disease-causing organisms bacteria or viruses, either dead or weakened, vaccines help lower the chance of contracting specific illnesses.
What components make up vaccines?They are created using the disease-causing germ's components or weakened, dead copies of both the bacterium (called antigens). The antibodies used in some vaccines are created through genetic engineering. Getting vaccinated is significantly safer than contracting the disease it prevents.
Can microorganisms be used to produce vaccines?The toxin is rendered inactive, and sickness is no longer caused. This process is used to create the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines. Using a portion of the texture (or carbohydrate) of the bacterium is another method for creating a bacterial vaccine.
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____or sensory neurons are those that convey information from receptors in the periphery of the body to the brain and spinal cord.
Afferent neurons, also known as sensory neurons, are responsible for transmitting data from receptors on the body's periphery to the brain and spinal cord.
Do motor neurons send data to the central nervous system from peripheral receptors?
Efferent neurons, also referred to as motor neurons, transmit information from the central nervous system (CNS) to muscles and other peripheral systems like organs and glands. Afferent neurons, known as sensory neurons, on the other hand, send data from sensory organs and tissues back to the central nervous system (CNS).
Which sensory neurons provide data to the brain and spinal cord from peripheral body receptors?Efferent neurons transmit motor information out from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands of the body, whereas afferent neurons carry information from sensory receptors of the skin and other organs to the central nervous system.
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exons are parts of genes that code for specific proteins. true or false ?
exons are parts of genes that code for specific proteins is false the true is Some exons are coding, in that they contain information for making a protein, whereas others are non-coding.
What are the 4 types of proteins?The four levels of protein structure are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. It is helpful to understand the nature and function of each level of protein structure in order to fully understand how a protein works. By Tracy Kovach.
What are two types of protein?Protein can be categorized into two types: complete and incomplete proteins. Proteins are made up of smaller units, called amino acids. Complete proteins contain all of the amino acids your body needs and include meat, fish, poultry, dairy, and soy products.
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Animal agriculturists have a strong commitment to caring for their animals and
ensuring their welfare, not just because of ethical obligations, but also the impact an
improperly cared for animal has on profits.
A. True
B. False
True. Animal welfare is an important concern for animal agriculturists.
What is animal welfare?Animal welfare is an important concern for animal agriculturists not only for ethical reasons, but also because the health and wellbeing of animals can have a significant impact on the productivity and profitability of the operation.
Unhealthy or improperly cared for animals may experience reduced growth rates, decreased milk production, or lower quality products, which can result in financial losses for the producer. As a result, many animal agriculture operations have developed animal welfare protocols and procedures to ensure that their animals receive proper care and are treated with respect and dignity.
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What is the maximum number of O2 molecules which one haemoglobin molecule can carry?
The maximum number of O2 molecules which one haemoglobin molecule can carry is 4
What is haemoglobin in blood?Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen to your body's organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide from your organs and tissues back to your lungs or a red substance in the blood that carries the gas we need to live (oxygen) and contains iron.
What happens if haemoglobin is low?Anemia is a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues. Having anemia, also referred to as low hemoglobin, can make you feel tired and weak. There are many forms of anemia, each with its own cause.
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How do you handle a reticulated python?
Handling a reticulated python requires caution and experience. You should ensure that you are using proper technique and safety measures, such as using two hands and never reaching over the top of the snake. A smooth, gliding motion should be used when handling a reticulated python, and the snake should never be grasped too tightly.
1. Always have a second person present to help you. Reticulated pythons can grow to be over 20 feet long, and it is difficult for one person to handle a snake of this size alone.
2. Use a snake hook to help control the snake's head. This will keep the snake at a safe distance and prevent it from biting you.
3. Support the snake's body with your hands or arms, being careful not to put too much pressure on any one part of the snake's body.
4. Keep the snake's head pointed away from you at all times, and be aware of the snake's tail, as it can be used to constrict you.
5. If the snake starts to become agitated, calmly and gently put it back in its enclosure and give it some space.
Remember, reticulated pythons are powerful and potentially dangerous animals, and should always be handled with caution and respect.
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Question:
The cell organelle that packages material for secretion to the outside of the cell is
a. golgi apparatus
b. lysosome
c. peroxisome
d. mitochondrion
Cell Organelles:
The human body is composed of trillions of cells having different shapes, sizes, structures, and functions. Each cell contains highly organized structures that perform various types of specialized functions within the cell. These highly organized and specialized structures are called cell organelles.
Option a is Correct. The golgi apparatus is the cell organelle that contains material intended for secretion outside of the cell.
A cell organelle called the Golgi apparatus modifies, and distributes proteins and lipids made on the rough ER (i.e., endoplasmic reticulum).
Different chemicals are processed, sorted, and packaged by the Golgi apparatus for either internal or external usage by the cell. The Golgi apparatus, which is positioned near to the cell's nucleus, alters proteins that have been transported from the RER in transport vesicles.
Exocystosis is a membrane transport mechanism that expels cellular contents from the cell. In this location, a transport vesicle from the Golgi or another area of the cell combines with the plasma membrane to release its contents.
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Correct Question:
The cell organelle that packages material for secretion to the outside of the cell is called as :
a. golgi apparatus
b. lysosome
c. peroxisome
d. mitochondrion