a) The vapor pressure of butane in air at 1 bar is 0.00784 bar.
b) The vapor pressure of butane in air at 100 bar is 0.784 bar.
To determine the vapor pressure of butane in air at different pressures, we need to use the ideal gas law and Raoult's law.
a) At 1 bar pressure, the total pressure is 1 bar + 2.2 bar (vapor pressure of butane) = 3.2 bar.
The mole fraction of butane in the vapor phase can be calculated as follows:
PV = nRT
where P is the partial pressure of butane, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of butane, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature. n/V = P/RT
Since we know the density of butane, we can calculate the volume of 1 mole of butane as follows:
V = m/d
where m is the molar mass of butane (58.12 g/mol) and d is the density (0.5788 g/ml).
V = 58.12 g/mol / 0.5788 g/ml = 100.4 ml/mol
So, n/V = 1/100.4 ml/mol = 0.00996 mol/ml
Now, we can calculate the mole fraction of butane in the vapor phase: P/(1 bar) = (0.00996 mol/ml) x (8.314 J/mol.K) x (300 K) P = 0.00784 bar
Therefore, the vapor pressure of butane in air at 1 bar pressure is 0.00784 bar.
b) At 100 bar pressure, the total pressure is 100 bar + 2.2 bar (vapor pressure of butane) = 102.2 bar.
Following the same steps as above, we can calculate the mole fraction of butane in the vapor phase:
P/(100 bar) = (0.00996 mol/ml) x (8.314 J/mol.K) x (300 K)
P = 0.784 bar
Therefore, the vapor pressure of butane in air at 100 bar pressure is 0.784 bar.
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What mass of oxygen reacts during the incomplete combustion of 18.0 g of propane?
Answer:
45.82 gm O2
Explanation:
From your balanced equation in the first part, you can see that 2 moles propane need 7 moles O2
Find the number of moles of propane in 18 gm
mole wt of propane = ~ 12 * 3 + 8 *1 = 44 gm/mole
18 gm / 44 gm/mole = 9/22 gm/mole propane
we need 7/2 of this as O2 moles 7/2 * 9/22 = 1.432moles of O2
O2 mole weight =~ 32
1.432 moles * 32 gm/mole = 45.82 gm O2
Receiving an electrical shock when you forget to turn off the power before working on an electrical socket is an example of a negative punishment. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f
Answer:
TRUE
Explanation
Negative punishment's or reinforcement .
Negative reinforcement comes as a result of failing to take the necessary precautional measures , whether intentional or unintentional .
Forgetting is a natural circumstance hence if one forgets it means in the first place he has by passed the protocols anyway and he has to take the consequences .
Sometimes it may be ignorance since it is in common knowledge to turn off any machine and if possible you should unplug it from the power supply to avoid any shocks which may even be fatal if the source of power does not have mechanisms to control such situations i.e. shocks and power surges .
Psychological when one gets such a punishments he will always remember the ordeal since it inflicted pain on him and he will always take precautional measures before handling an electronic or power sources .
Answer:false
Explanation:
Determine the molarity of a solution that contains 30 moles naoh in 0.80 liters of solution?
Taking into account the definition of molarity, the molarity of a solution that contains 30 moles naoh in 0.80 liters of solution is 37.5 [tex]\frac{moles}{liters}[/tex].
Definition of molarityMolar concentration or molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution and indicates the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a given volume.
The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the solution:
[tex]Molarity=\frac{number of moles}{volume}[/tex]
Molarity is expressed in units [tex]\frac{moles}{liters}[/tex].
This caseIn this case, you have:
number of moles= 30 molesvolume= 0.80 LReplacing in the definition of molarity:
[tex]Molarity=\frac{30 moles }{0.80 L}[/tex]
Solving:
Molarity= 37.5 [tex]\frac{moles}{liters}[/tex]
Finally, the molarity of a solution that contains 30 moles naoh in 0.80 liters of solution is 37.5 [tex]\frac{moles}{liters}[/tex].
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Which one of the following has little bearing on whether profitable opportunity exists to install additional new or refurbished production equipment in the upcoming decision round
The option that has little bearing on whether profitable opportunity exists is option c) How many companies in the industry have expanded their plant capacity since Year 10 because it is not detailed enough.
What is Decision Making:Decision making is known to be a term that connote the method or act that is based on making the right and best decision among the numbers of alternative available.
Note that It includes the act of classifying and knowing the best on the use of preference, belief, and others.
Therefore, the option that has little bearing on whether profitable opportunity exists is option c) How many companies in the industry have expanded their plant capacity since Year 10 because it is not detailed enough.
See full question below
Which one of the following has little bearing on whether profitable opportunity exists to build additional plant capacity in the upcoming decision round?
a) Whether data in the most recent FIR indicates that unsold inventories of branded footwear were so disturbingly high that many of these unsold pairs were cleared from company inventories at money-losing prices.
b) Whether the most recent year's FIR shows that ample production capacity already exists to supply the combined demand for branded footwear and private-label footwear three years from now.
c) How many companies in the industry have expanded their plant capacity since Year 10.
d) How potential global supply of footwear in the upcoming year compares with expected global demand
e) Whether the branded pairs available for sale in the most recent year (as reported in FIR)
exceeded global branded demand and, if so, by how much.
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Nitrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas to form dinitrogen tetroxide. When the equation is written and balanced, the sum of the coefficients is __________.
Nitrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas to form dinitrogen tetroxide. When the equation is written and balanced, the sum of the coefficients is 3.
Nitrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas to form dinitrogen tetroxideBy catalytically oxidizing ammonia, nitrogen tetroxide is produced; steam is employed as a diluent to lower the combustion temperature. The ammonia is converted into nitric oxide in the initial step:
4 NH3 + 5O2 → 6 H2O + 4 NO
The gases are further cooled and the majority of the water is condensed; the created nitric oxide is then converted to nitrogen dioxide, which is dimerized into nitrogen tetroxide:
2 NO + O2 →2 NO2
2 NO2 ⇌ N2O4
Dinitrogen tetroxideDinitrogen tetroxide is the chemical molecule N2O4, also known as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO) and occasionally amyl (typically among ex-USSR/Russian rocket engineers). It is a helpful reagent in the synthesis of chemicals. It and nitrogen dioxide combine to form an equilibrium combination. It has a 92.011 g/mol molar mass.
Dinitrogen tetroxide is a potent oxidizer that spontaneously reacts when it comes into touch with different types of hydrazine, making it the two popular bipropellants for rockets.
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Describe how Alpha particles, Beta particles, and Gamma rays can be separated from one other?
Need answer ASAP, PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!!!
All three types of charge can be separated by the use of electrostatic field.
What are alpha particles?There are three kinds of rays that are basically discussed when we talk about radioactivity and they are alpha, beta and gamma rays.
Now we know that an alpha ray is positively charged, a beta ray is negatively charged while a gamma ray is not charged. This means that all three types of charge can be separated by the use of electrostatic field.
The gamma rays passes through the field without deflation , the alpha ray is deflated towards the negative part of the field, the beta rays is deflated towards the positive part of the filed.
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A sample of food is put into a bomb calorimeter and its caloric content is measured. The final measurement reads 100 (large) Calories. How many joules of energy does this food contain
The amount of energy, in Joules, that the food contains will be 414.8 Joules
Calories to Joule conversionAccording to metrics, 1 kilocalorie = 4184 Joules.
100 Calories = 100/1000 = 0.1 kiloCalories.
0.1 kilocalories = 0.1 x 4184 = 414.8 Joules
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Will mark you brainliest and give you 15 points!!
what is the mass of 22.4 l of n2 at stp? (5 points)
a
11.2 grams
b
14.00 grams
c
22.4 grams
d
28.01 grams
Answer:
d
Explanation:
22.4 L is the same as 1 mol.
Diatomic nitrogen has a formula mass of 28.01 g/mol, so the answer is d.
All light is the same, whether it comes from the sun, a light bulb, or anywhere else.
All light being the same whether it comes from the sun a light bulb or
anywhere is False.
What is Light energy?This is a type of kinetic energy which makes light to be visible to the eyes.
There are different sources of light which include:
Sun• Electric bulb
Candle etc.Light from bulbs and Sun involve photons being emitted at different intensities which is why the light from both sources are different.
The Sun has more intensity and a different
intensities which is why the light from both sources are different.
The Sun has more intensity and a different source than the Light bulb.
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In what way did political policies act as a centrifugal force in the Soviet Union during the late 1980s
The government gave the people more freedom to criticize the government which led to nationalist movements
What way did political policies act as a centrifugal force in the Soviet Union during the late 1980s ?In the late 1980s, the economic and social situation in the Soviet Union was tense. The socialist economy was on the verge of collapse, the war in Afghanistan was an assured defeat, and the quality of life for Soviet citizens was appalling.
Due to these situations, the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev decided to carry out a series of economic and political reforms, known as Perestroika and Glasnost, aimed at liberalizing the economy from a pure socialist model to a mixed model, and granting greater rights and civil liberties to the citizens.This led to numerous mobilizations and demonstrations, which further weakened the already weak Soviet political apparatus and made possible the emergence of regionalist nationalisms in the former Soviet nations, especially those subjugated to the power of Russia.Learn more about Soviet Union here:
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How does the number of osmoles factor in when trying to calculate the molar mass of a substance?
To calculate the molar mass of substance, divide the number of moles by the given mass of substance.
The quantity of a substance is known as a mole. You can measure it in terms of grams, liters, atoms, molecules, or particles.
Use the substance's molar mass to convert between grams and moles. Divide the given mass by the number of moles to convert from moles to molar mass.
Using the formula, Number of moles = Given mass/ molar mass
The molar mass of a substance can be calculated as-
Molar mass = Given mass/number of moles
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A photon has an energy of 2.88×10^-18 J . Convert energy into eV.
A photon has an energy of 2.88 × 10⁻¹⁸ J. The energy into eV is 17.97 eV.
What is Photon Energy ?The energy which is carried by a single photon is called Photon energy.
It is expressed as:
E = hf
where,
E = Photon energy
h = Planck's energy
f = Wave frequency
How to convert Joules (J) into Electron volt (eV) ?To convert J into eV
E(eV) = E(J) × 6.241509 × 10¹⁸
= 2.88 × 10⁻¹⁸ × 6.241509 × 10¹⁸
= 17.97 eV
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A photon has an energy of 2.88 × 10⁻¹⁸ J. The energy into eV is 17.97 eV.
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If a reaction occurs, what will be the products of the unbalanced reaction below?
Zn(s) + HCl(aq) -->
A. No reaction will occur
B. ZnH(s) + Cl2(g)
C. ZnCl2(s) + H2(g)
D. HZnCl(s)
Answer:
C) ZnCl2(s) + H2(g)
Explanation:
On reaction between Zn and HCl, Zn is more reactive than Hydrogen thus displacing it from HCl making a bond with two atoms of chlorine and releases hydrogen gas.
The equation of reaction
Zn(s) + HCl(aq) => ZnCl2(s) + H2(g).
Therefore, the required products are ZnCl2(aq) and H2(g).
Calculate the pH if the pOH = 0.59.
Answer:
pH = 13.41
Explanation:
You can calculate the pH using the following formula:
pH + pOH = 14
You can plug the given pOH into the equation and simplify to find the pH.
pH + pOH = 14
pH + 0.59 = 14
pH = 13.41
How many silver (Ag) atoms are in 3.0 moles of silver?
Answer:
1.8 x 10²⁴ atoms Ag
Explanation:
You can find the amount of silver (Ag) atoms by multiplying the moles by Avogadro's number. It is important to arrange the conversion in a way that allows for the cancellation of units (the desired unit should be in the numerator). The final answer should have 2 sig figs to match the sig figs of the given value.
Avogadro's Number:
6.022 x 10²³ atoms = 1 mole
3.0 moles Ag 6.022 x 10²³ atoms
---------------------- x -------------------------------- = 1.8 x 10²⁴ atoms Ag
1 mole
What is the amount of space occupied by a sample of matter
The amount of space that matter occupies is called its volume. Solids, liquids, and gases all have volume.
The percentage composition of an organic acid is found to be 39.9% C, 6.7% H, and 53.4% O. The molar mass for the compound is 60.0g/mol. What is the molecular formula
Answer:
C₂H₄O₂
Explanation:
To find the molecular formula of the organic acid, you need to (1) determine the mass of each element (from the given percents), then (2) convert grams of each element to moles (via atomic masses), then (3) find the empirical formula, and then (4) find the molecular formula.
(Step 1)
39.9% C -----> 39.9 g C
6.7% H -----> 6.7 g H
53.4% O -----> 53.4 g O
(Step 2)
Atomic Mass (C): 12.011 g/mol
Atomic Mass (H): 1.008 g/mol
Atomic Mass (O): 15.988 g/mol
39.9 grams C 1 mole
---------------------- x ---------------------- = 3.32 moles C
12.011 grams
6.7 grams H 1 mole
-------------------- x --------------------- = 6.65 moles H
1.008 grams
53.4 grams O 1 mole
---------------------- x ---------------------- = 3.34 moles O
15.998 grams
(Step 3)
The empirical formula is made up of the lowest possible amount of each element in the molecule. These amounts can be found by dividing the molar value of each element by the smallest molar value. In this case, the smallest molar value is 3.32 moles C. The calculated values make up the subscripts in the empirical formula.
3.32 moles C / 3.32 = 1 mole C
6.65 moles H / 3.32 = 2 moles H
3.34 moles O / 3.32 = 1 mole O
Empirical Formula: CH₂O
(Step 4)
To find the molecular formula, you first need to determine the molar mass of the empirical formula. Once you have this value, you need to determine how much you need to scale the formula up by. In this case, the molar mass of the empirical formula is half of the molar mass of the molecular formula. Therefore, you need to multiply the amount of each element in the molecule by 2.
Molar Mass (CH₂O): 12.011 g/mol + 2(1.008 g/mol) + 15.998 g/mol
Molar Mass (CH₂O): 30.025 g/mol
30.025 g/mol x 2 = 60.05 g/mol
CH₂O x 2 = C₂H₄O₂
If initially there are 8.0 kg of cesium-137 present in a sample, how many kg will remain after 60.0 years
Answer:
2 kg
Explanation:
the half life of cesium is approx 30 years
60 years is 2 half lives
8 kg * 1/2 * 1/2 = 2 kg
How many grams of aluminum can be recovered from a 34.5 g sample of al2o3?
18.26 g of Al can be recovered.
Calculation:
The equation that follows is:
2Al₂O₃ → 2Al + 3O₂
The atomic mass of Al = 27 g
The molecular mass of Al₂O₃ = 102 g
From the stoichiometric equation, 102g of Al₂O₃ yields 54 g of Al
Therefore,
34.5 g of Al₂O₃ will give = [tex]\frac{54 (34.5)}{102}[/tex]
= 18.26 g
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Which four items are changes in the hazard communication standard for chemical labels and sds?.
The four items that change in the hazard communication standard for chemical labels and SDS
Product identifier.Signal word.Hazard statement.Pictograms.Precautionary statement.This is further explained below.
What is the hazard communication standard?Generally, The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) was developed to ensure that employees have the "right to know" about any possible dangers that may be related to the work that they do. The HCS is a preventative strategy that is meant to distribute information to employees and employers about the health dangers that are associated with the chemicals that they handle and the protection that is necessary.
In conclusion, Hazard communication labels and SDS product identifiers have undergone four changes as a result of the new standard. The term serves as a signal to the driver. There is a risk. Pictograms. Statement of caution.
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Why has nuclear fusion been difficult to develop?
A. Fuel for nuclear fusion is very rare.
B. Fusion normally occurs in the vacuum of space and the atmosphere on Earth stops the
reaction.
C. It is hard to recreate the extremely high temperatures and pressures found inside stars.
D. An efficient shape to contain the reaction has not been found.
Answer:
C. It is hard to recreate the extremely high temperatures and pressures found inside stars.
Explanation:
Nuclear fusion occurs when atomic nuclei are forcefully combined to create a new atomic nuclei or subatomic particles. In nature, this process takes place in our Sun and other stars. Within stars, extremely high temperatures and pressures are achieved and cause nuclear fusion to occur. Humans have not yet been successful in recreating the environment necessary to mimic this process.
Which equation agrees with the ideal gas law?
StartFraction V subscript 1 over T subscript 1 EndFraction equals StartFraction V subscript 2 over T subscript 2 EndFraction.
V subscript 1 n subscript 1 equals V subscript 2 n subscript 2.
P subscript 1 n subscript 1 equals P subscript 2 n subscript 2.
StartFraction P subscript 1 over P subscript 2 EndFraction equals StartFraction T subscript 2 over T subscript 1.
The equation for ideal gas law is written as PV = nRT.
What is Ideal gas law?Ideal gas law states that, the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to the number on moles of gas, directly proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the pressure.
PV = nRT
where;
P is pressure of the gasV is volume of the gasn is number of molesR is ideal gas constantT is temperatureThus, the equation for ideal gas law is written as PV = nRT.
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Given the following equation: 2h20=2h2+02 how many grams of o2 are produced if 3.6 grams of h20 react?
Answer:
3.2 g O₂
Explanation:
To find the mass of O₂, you need to (1) convert grams H₂O to moles H₂O (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles H₂O to moles O₂ (via mole-to-mole ratio from reaction coefficients), and then (3) convert moles O₂ to grams O₂ (via molar mass). It is important to arrange the ratios/conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units (the desired unit should be in the numerator). The final answer should have 2 sig figs to reflect the sig figs of the given value (3.6 g).
Molar Mass (H₂O): 2(1.008 g/mol) + 15.998 g/mol
Molar Mass (H₂O): 18.014 g/mol
2 H₂O -----> 2 H₂ + 1 O₂
Molar Mass (O₂): 2(15.998 g/mol)
Molar Mass (O₂): 31.996 g/mol
3.6 g H₂O 1 mole 1 mole O₂ 31.996 g
---------------- x --------------- x --------------------- x --------------- = 3.2 g O₂
18.014 g 2 moles H₂O 1 mole
uppose the reaction Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2SO4 ï‚® 3CaSO4 + 2H3PO4 is carried out starting with 153 g of Ca3(PO4)2 and 87.6 g of H2SO4. How much phosphoric acid will be produced?
The answer is 58.4 g of H₃PO₄
Given that mass of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ is 153g
mass of H₂SO₄ is 87.6g
We need to calculate the mass of H₃PO₄
So the balanced chemical reaction is
Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 3H₂SO₄ ⇒ 3CaSO₄ + 2H₃PO₄
Let us calculate the molar mass of the reactants
Ca₃(PO₄)₂ = (3 x 40) + (2 x 31) + (8 x 16)
= 120 + 62 + 128
= 310 g
H₂SO₄ = (1 x 2) + (32 x 1) + (16 x 4)
= 2 + 32 + 64
= 98 g
Now let us calculate the limiting reactant
The Theoretical Yield = Ca₃(PO₄)₂ / H₂SO₄
= 310 / 3(98)
= 1.05
The Experimental yield
Ca₃(PO₄)₂ / H₂SO₄
= 153 / 87.6 = 1.74
Because the observed percentage was more than the predicted proportion, H2SO4 is the limiting reactant.
Let us Calculate the molar mass of H₃PO₄
H₃PO₄ = (1 x 3) + (31 x 1) + (16 x 4)
= 3 + 31 + 64
= 98 g
Now Calculate the mass of H₃PO₄
3(98) g of H₂SO₄ ------------------ 2(98) g of H₃PO₄
87.6 g of H₂SO₄ ------------------ x
x = ( 87.6 x 2 x 98) / (3 x 98)
x = 17169.6 / 294
x = 58.4g of H₃PO₄
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When exothermic reactions occur, ______________.
i. heat energy is absorbed.
ii. water is produced.
iii. heat energy is released.
iv. oxygen is produced.
Answer:
heat energy is released into the surrounding
Lead(II) oxide from an ore can be reduced to elemental lead by heating in a furnace with carbon. Calculate the expected yield of lead if 50.0 kg of lead oxide is heated with 50.0 kg of carbon.
Find the expected yield of lead:
The expected yield of lead if 50.0 kg of lead oxide is heated with 50.0 kg of carbon is 46 kg
Calculation:
First and foremost, we must correctly write the equation of reaction in order to answer this issue. This is what it is:
PbO(s) + C(s) → Pb(l) + CO (g)
We continue from here. The limiting reactant should be found, however finding out how many moles of each reactant are present is the only way to do so.
The number of moles is calculated using the formula: the mass of each reactant divided by the molar mass of each reactant.
Mass of PbO is 50kg = 50000g
Molar mass of PBO = 223.20g/mol
The number of moles is thus 50000/223.2 = 224 moles
For carbon, mass is also 50kg = 50000g
Molar mass is 12g/mol
Number of moles of carbon = 50000/12 = 4166.6 moles
We can observe from the number of moles that there are more moles of carbon than PbO. This indicates that the limiting reagent is PbO.
So, in order to determine percentage yield, we employ it.
Since we have a mole ratio of 1 to 1, the number of moles of lead created is equal to the number of moles of lead oxide, which is 224.
The molar mass of lead = 207.20 g/mol
The mass of lead formed = moles of lead x molar mass of lead
The mass of lead formed = 207.20 x 224 = 46,412.8 g = 46 kg
Hence, the expected yield is 46 kg.
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A. Choose one of the four biogeochemical cycles that were discussed in this unit - carbon, nitrogen, water, or oxygen and describe the cycle in some detail using steps.
B. Give two ways man is disrupting the cycle and the effects that disruption has on the cycle.
Water cycle simply refers to the continuous movement or flow of water from the atmosphere to the earth and back to the atmosphere
What is are the stages of water cycle?These are the basic stages through which water passes. These stages are:
EvaporationCondensationPrecipitation Collection.So therefore, water cycle simply refers to the continuous movement or flow of water from the atmosphere to the earth and back to the atmosphere
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Question 7 of 10
Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme in the human body that participates in the
reaction shown below:
CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO3
How will this reaction be affected if carbonic anhydrase acts as a catalyst?
OA. CO₂ and H₂O will be produced.
OB. H₂CO3 will be produced faster.
OC. H₂CO3 will be produced more slowly.
OD. H₂CO3 will not be produced at all.
SUBMIT
H₂CO₃ will be produced faster if carbonic anhydrase acts as a catalyst and the correct option is option B.
What is Carbonic Anhydrase?Carbonic anhydrase enzyme helps to maintain acid-base homeostasis, fluid balance and regulate pH. Based on its location, the enzyme role changes slightly.
The inter-conversion that occurs between water, carbon dioxide, and dissociated carbonic acid ions, is catalyzed by a group of enzymes that form by carbonic anhydrase, or carbonate dehydratase.
The active site for most carbonic anhydrase is supposed to be a zinc ion, and it is as a result classified as metalloenzymes.
Therefore, H₂CO₃ will be produced faster if carbonic anhydrase acts as a catalyst and the correct option is option B.
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i need help with these two questions, i been stuck for 2 hours
1. The mass of Fe2O3 required will be 51.29 grams
2. The mass of Cu that will be formed is 36 kg
Stoichiometric problems1) The equation of the reaction goes thus: [tex]2Fe_2O_3 + 3Pt --- > 3PtO_2 + 4Fe[/tex]
Mole ratio of Fe to Fe2O3 = 2:1
Mole of 35.9 g Fe = 35.9/56 = 0.6411 mol
Equivalent mole of Fe2O3 = 0.6411/2 = 0.3205 mol
Mass of 0.3205 mol Fe2O3 = 0.3205 x 160 = 51.29 grams
2) [tex]2CuO --- > 2Cu + O_2[/tex]
Mole ratio of CuO to Cu = 1:1
Mole of 45 kg CuO = 45000/80 = 562.5 mol
Equivalent mole of Cy = 562.5 mol
Mass of 562.5 mol of Cu = 562.5 x 64 = 36,000 grams or 36 kg
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The difference between the calculated voltage (based on standard potentials) and the actual voltage required to cause electrolysis is called .
The difference between the calculated voltage (based on standard potentials) and the actual voltage required to cause electrolysis is called overvoltage.
ElectrolysisElectrolysis is the technique of causing a chemical change in a substance by passing an electric current through it. The substance either loses or gets an electron during the chemical transition (oxidation or reduction). The procedure is carried out in an electrolytic cell, a device made up of positive and negative electrodes that are kept apart and submerged in a solution with ions that are both positively and negatively charged. The chemical that needs to be converted might either be dissolved in the solution or could form the electrode. The negatively charged electrode (cathode) receives electrical current (i.e., electrons), which travels there and combines with the components of the solution to convert them (reduced).
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