Evolution as such, common descent, gradualism, species diversification, and natural selection are the five hypotheses that Darwin united.
A theory is a rationale for how a natural phenomenon functions that has undergone extensive testing through research and experiments intended to establish the validity of the explanation. In this context, evolution might be considered both reality and a theory. The fact that creatures have altered or evolved over the course of Earth's history is undeniable. Additionally, scientists have looked into the mechanisms that could account for the main patterns of change in biology. Since it provides a comprehensive account of events that have taken place in the natural world, evolution is referred to as a theory.
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What are examples of environmental influences?
The examples of environmental influences
chemical pollutionair pollutionclimate changedisease-causing microbeslack of access to health carepoor infrastructureand poor water quality.There is speculation that environmental factors can affect behavior both directly and indirectly. The indirect causal mechanism illustrates how cognitions that are specific to a behavior play a mediating role in the influence of the environment on behavior. A direct influence shows how the environment automatically and unconsciously affects behavior.
Certain behavioral and personal characteristics are hypothesized to modify the causal pathway (i.e., inducing either the automatic or the cognitively mediated environment – behavior relation). The EnRG framework also uses an energy balance approach, which encourages an integrated investigation of factors influencing nutrition and exercise.
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If the diplold (2n) number of chromosomes for this cell is four and the haploid
(n) number is two, are the daughter cells now diplold or haplold?
Following telophase I there is a short interphase; however, there is not any DNA synthesis co
chromosomes do not duplicate. Actually they don't need to since the chromosomes are still
duplicated.
Does your model agree with this statement?,
Both daughter cells now go through a second series of divisions (melosis II) as follows:
If the diplold (2n) number of chromosomes for this cell is four and the haploid number is two, are the daughter cells now diplold or haploidas it following telophase I there is a short interphase; however, there is not any DNA synthesis.
What happens in telophase II?After telophase II, each chromosome in the haploid organism has been made up of one daughter chromosome. Meiosis has the type of cell division that will results in the halves of the number of the chromosomes in the daughter cells.
Four daughter cells with each of which has half its parent cell's chromosomes, are created during the meiosis. Meiosis I and II, the first and second division has steps of the meiotic process, each involve four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Therefore, If the diplold (2n) number of chromosomes for this cell is four and the haploid number is two, are the daughter cells now diplold or haploidas it following telophase I there is a short interphase; however, there is not any DNA synthesis.
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Replicated chromosomes divide twice during the meiotic process to create four haploid cells, commonly known as meiocytes (sperms and eggs).
What is Meiosis?Meiosis is the process by which diploid (2n) organisms create meiocytes, which have half the ploidy of the parents and are used for sexual reproduction.
For the zygote's genetic makeup to match that of its parents, meiocyte ploidy must be cut in half. The separation and redistribution of chromosomes are accomplished during meiosis using methods similar to those used during mitosis.
Meiosis is the only process in which homologous chromosomes join up and undergo genetic recombination. Centrioles and chromosomes are replicated in the steps before meiosis, which are similar to those of mitosis.
Therefore, Replicated chromosomes divide twice during the meiotic process to create four haploid cells, commonly known as meiocytes (sperms and eggs).
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Which experiment would most likely contain experimental bias?
A.
A student tests the attraction of bees to flowers by placing four different flowers in the same location and counting how many bees visit each.
B.
A chemistry class performs an experiment in which each reaction has the same amount of starting material and begins at the same temperature.
C.
A lab performs a test by giving bacterial colonies the same amount of different antibiotics and growing them under the same conditions.
D.
A company that makes pain relief medication tests the effectiveness of their own medicine compared to that of three other brands.
The experiment which would most likely contain experimental bias is a company that makes pain relief medication tests the effectiveness of their own medicine compared to that of three other brands which is therefore denoted as option D.
What is an Experiment?This is referred to as a procedure which is usually carried out in the laboratory and it is used to support or refute a hypothesis.
Experimental bias on the other hand is the tendency of a scientist or researcher to introduce bias into an experiment through unconsciously affecting the results, data etc. This is because they would want to get values which would show that their drugs are more effective and suitable for use so as to promote more sales and is the reason why some form of bias may be introduced into the findings which was why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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Which of the following statements about a gene that shows maternal effect inheritance is true?
O Offspring will have a mutant phenotype if the father has a mutant genotype.
O Offspring will show a mutant phenotype if the mother has a mutant genotype.
O Embryonic cells transcribe the gene.
O Offspring will always show a mutant phenotype if they have a mutant genotype.
A gene that shows maternal effect inheritance is a gene that is expressed in offspring only if the mother has a mutant genotype.
The offspring will show a mutant phenotype if the mother has a mutant genotype, regardless of the father's genotype. This means that the offspring will not necessarily have a mutant phenotype if the father has a mutant genotype.
This type of gene expression is regulated by the maternal environment, which includes both the mother's genotype and the environment in which she lives. Embryonic cells transcribe the gene, and so the gene is expressed in the offspring. However, the gene's expression can be suppressed or enhanced depending on the environment in which the mother lives.
Offspring will not always show a mutant phenotype if they have a mutant genotype. This is because the gene may be expressed in the offspring only if the maternal environment is favorable for expression. If the environment is not favorable, the gene may be repressed, and the offspring will not show a mutant phenotype.
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Why might the amount of current and voltage in a circuit need to be juggled?
a.
Because too little current cannot travel far
c.
To keep power constant
b.
To avoid burning out wires
d.
In order to get the most power possible from a given voltage
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
To get maximum power from a given voltage, the amount of current and voltage needed to juggle in a circuit. So, the correct option is (D).
What is Voltage?Voltage is also called electric pressure, electric tension or potential difference which can be defined as the difference in electric potential between two points. In a static electric field, it describes the work required per unit charge to move a test charge between two points.
To maintain a certain amount of current passing through a circuit the voltage of a circuit is changed which is directly proportional to the current. Lowering the voltage will reduce the flow of current, when we assume that the resistance of the circuit remains the same depending on the demand the voltage changes and the current automatically changes.
Thus, to get maximum power from a given voltage, the amount of current and voltage needed to juggle in a circuit. So, the correct option is (D).
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Which leukocyte might you expect to find in higher quantities in a person experiencing allergies?
a. neutrophil
lb. ymphocyte
c. basophil
d. eosinophil
You could expect to see more eosinophil granulocytes in someone with allergies.
What is a high basophil number?An high basophil level is referred to medically as basophilic. It can be a sign of ongoing inflammation in your body. Or it can signal that your bone marrow is producing too many white blood cells due to a medical condition. Your doctor can assess your basophil levels using a blood test.
What causes high basophil levels?If you experience basophilia or some other basophilic disorder, your body creates too many basophils. A virus or a more serious condition of leukemia or even an autoimmune illness may be implicated by an extremely high basophil count.
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Approximately 1.5 minutes of intense exercise will obtain ATP mostly from which process (think sprinting):
a. ATP
b. Anaerobic glycolysis
c. Phosphocreatine
d. Aerobic glycolysis
Approximately 1.5 minutes of intense exercise will obtain ATP mostly from the anaerobic glycolysis process.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
Аnаerobic glycolysis is the mаin metаbolic pаthwаy used in the setting of limited oxygen supply during exercise. It is used during high-intensity, sustаined, isometric muscle аctivity. It is inefficient from аn energetic stаndpoint аnd produces only two АTP molecules per glucose molecule, which is 19 times less thаn the full energy potentiаl of а glucose molecule. Despite its inefficiency, it is а rаpid process, аpproximаtely 100 times fаster thаn oxidаtive phosphorylаtion. The finаl step in the pаthwаy is the conversion of pyruvаte to lаctаte, which leаds to аccumulаtion of lаctic аcid.
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Some scientists believe that life on Earth began about 3.5 billion years ago. What do they base this belief on?
A wealth of scientific evidence supports the idea that life on Earth began about 3.5 billion years ago. This proof comes from different sources, including:
Fossil records: The oldest known fossils are approximately 3.5 billion years old, showing that there were already complex forms of life present on Earth at that time.
Molecular clocks: Scientists can use the rate of molecular evolution to estimate the age of different life forms. This method has consistently placed the origin of life on Earth at around 3.5 billion years ago.
Geochemical evidence: The chemical composition of rocks and minerals from the early Earth provide clues about the conditions that may have existed when life first emerged.
For example, the presence of certain types of organic molecules in these rocks suggests that the conditions were suitable for life to evolve.
Comparisons to other planets: Scientists have found evidence of water and other conditions that may have been necessary for life to emerge on other planets in our solar system, such as Mars.
If these conditions existed on other planets, it is likely that they also lived on Earth around 3.5 billion years ago, when life is believed to have originated.
Overall, scientific evidence suggests that life on Earth began around 3.5 billion years ago, although it is possible that it may have arisen even earlier.
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PLEASEEEEEEE HELP GUYS THIS MY FIRST BTOLOGY CLASS!!
The blank words are real, intercept, m, -4 and b in the order.
What is a slope?In mathematics, a line's slope, also known as its gradient, is a numerical representation of the line's steepness and direction
Given:
Slope m = 5
And point (-2, 7)
Slope-intercept form: y = mx + b
Where m is the slope and b is y-intercept.
If a line passes through a point (x₁ ,y₁) and have slope m
then the equation of line is
y - y₁ = m (x - x₁)
We have the equation,
y = -4x + 5
Comparing with the slope-intercept form,
m = -4 and b = 5
Therefore, slope is -4 and b = 5.
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the movement of chloroplasts remind me of....
The chloroplasts are these. Maintain a close eye out for any movement in the chloroplasts. Cytoplasmic streaming is the term for movement within a cell.
In both low-light and high-light conditions, efficient photosynthesis depends on chloroplast mobility. The aforementioned claim is true since chloroplasts are an organelle that travel throughout cells through cytoplasm. Every type of cell is filled with a thick fluid called cytoplasm, in which organelles are both suspended and free to move. The cytoplasm is the home of all organelles, including the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. We may infer that chloroplast is an organelle that moves inside the cell with the help of cytoplasm since the section of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles is known as cytosol.
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What causes populations to lose genetic diversity due to chance?
Stochastic sampling error (i.e., genetic drift) causes populations to lose genetic diversity due to chance.
Genetic drift is a result of sampling error because individuals are randomly chosen when a population is sampled. A random selection is one in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen.
The random change in allele frequencies caused by stochastic sampling of alleles from the previous generation is known as genetic drift (independent of demographic stochasticity).
The variety of various inherited features within a species is referred to as genetic diversity. There would be many people with a wide range of diverse traits in a species with significant genetic diversity. For a population to adapt to changing surroundings, genetic variety is essential.
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Procrastinators will usually ________. a. work on important tasks after valuable time has passed. b. work on tasks that are not priorities c. work on tasks in a haphazard way d. all of the above Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D
Answer:
d
Explanation:
How does cyanide cause cell injury?
Answer:
It prevents the cells from using oxygen. And because of this cells die.
Explanation:
The correct view of the role of biology in causing people to commit crimes is that
a. males with certain body types commit the most serious crimes.
b. Lombroso proved a century ago that biological factors are the major cause of crime.
c. biological factors may have a real but small effect in causing some people to commit crimes.
d. genetics research has succeeded in explaining most criminality.
The correct view of the role of biology in causing people to commit crimes is c) biological factors may have a real but small effect in causing some people to commit crimes.So,correct option is c.
Biological factors of crime which express that whether individuals perpetrate violations relies upon their organic nature. The natural qualities that natural speculations of wrongdoing guarantee are related with guiltiness could incorporate factors like hereditary qualities, nervous system science, or actual constitution.
Albeit numerous cutting edge organic hypotheses of crime think about the impact of logical and ecological circumstances (what crime analysts call biosocial speculations), natural speculations of wrongdoing separate themselves from humanistic speculations in their emphasis on inner elements. Natural hypotheses of wrong doing created in lined up with their humanistic partners.
Biological factors of crimes expect an individual's natural qualities foreordain criminal ways of behaving. The speculations that examine the beginning of wrong doing and the impacts on an individual's choice to carry out a wrong doing incorporate old style, organic, humanistic, interactionist and psychodynamic approaches.
Hence,correct option is c.
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Put the pieces of this summary of Melville’s novel Moby-Dickin order:
Captain Ahab reveals the purpose of this voyage, which is to hunt down a white whale that injured him. Before long, the whale is sighted and the battle begins.
The conflict has been resolved and order restored — at the expense of the Pequod, its crew, and its captain.
At the beginning of the story, we meet the narrator, who introduces us to Captain Ahab and the crew of his ship, the Pequod.
As he fights to capture the whale, Ahab is killed. All of Ahab’s men are also killed and the Pequod is destroyed!
At the end of the novel, the narrator explains how he lived to tell the tale.
What order does the summary lie upon from exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and conclusion.
What is a possible effect of leakage of inner ear fluid?
Answer: Body imbalance such as affect balance and hearing.
Explanation:
Match the word to the correct definition.
Autotroph- b, heterotrophs- f, producers- A, consumer- k, foodweb- g, biomagnification I, decomposer- h, biomass- D, tropic level- j, energy- pyramid - e, food chain- c.
What are the terms used in ecosystems?
An autotroph organism makes its own food, heterotrophs obtain energy to eat another organism, and producers produce energy for other organisms and also for themselves.
Consumer organism which consumes any other organism, foodweb levels of organism shares relation with each other and to the primary source of energy.
Biomagnification is a concentration of a substance, a decomposer breaks down dead organic matter.
Biomass amount of organisms in a given area or volume, a tropic level diagram showing the interrelationship.
Therefore, an energy pyramid is a flow chart that shows the amount of energy transferred to different tropic levels, food chain shows the eating behavior.
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Which of the following sets of biomes is placed in order from
most to least biologically diverse?
O Boreal forest, woodland/shrubland, tropical seasonal
forest
O Tropical rain forest, temperate seasonal forest, tundra
O Subtropical desert, temperate seasonal forest, tropical rain
forest
O Tundra, woodland/shrubland, subtropical desert
Biomes are areas with distinct climates and distinct ecosystems, characterized by certain plants and animals. The biological diversity of a biome is determined by the number and variety of organisms found there.
The following sets of biomes are placed in order from most to least biologically diverse:
Tropical Rainforest - This biome is characterized by a warm and wet climate, and is home to a wide variety of plants and animals. The dense forests and high humidity make this biome the most biologically diverse of the sets listed.
Temperate Seasonal Forest - These forests typically have four distinct seasons and are home to a wide variety of animals and plants, though not as varied as the tropical rainforest.
Woodland/Shrubland - This biome is characterized by shrubby vegetation and temperate climates. While there is a wide variety of plants and animals found in this biome, it is not as biologically diverse as the other biomes listed.
Subtropical Desert - This biome is characterized by hot, dry climates and sparse vegetation. There are a few species of plants and animals that can survive in this environment, but overall there is less biological diversity than in the other biomes.
Tundra - This biome is characterized by cold climates and low levels of vegetation. Few species of plants and animals can survive in this environment, and so it is the least biologically diverse of the sets listed.
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2. Experiment: Click Play and hunt peppered moths on dark tree trunks for five years. In each
year, try to capture as many moths as you can.
When you are done, select the TABLE tab and record the percentages of each moth type.
Year
Dark moths
Light moths
o
1
2
3
4
5
The total number of moths captured yearly is five. Inwhichoneis light moths and the other three are dark moths.
Moths come in a wide range of sizes, with wingspans that range from roughly 4 mm (0.16 inch) to nearly 30 cm (about 1 foot). They are highly adaptive and can survive anywhere but in arctic regions. Moths have scale-like coverings on their wings, body, and legs that fall off when the insect is handled. Moths have sturdier bodies and duller coloring than butterflies. Moths also have recognizable thick or feathered antennae. Moths retain their wings stretched at their sides or folded tent-like over their bodies when at rest, whereas butterflies hold their wings upright.
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Substance Y is not present in the urine; however, it was originally filtered through the glomerulus. How is this possible
Substance Y is not present in the urine; however, it was originally filtered through the glomerulus it was reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.
As blood flows into every nephron, it enters a cluster of tiny blood vessel, the glomerulus. The skinny partitions of the glomerulus permit smaller molecules, wastes, and fluid—often water, into the tubule. Larger molecules, together with proteins and blood cells, live withinside the blood vessel. Under ordinary conditions, excessive molecular weight proteins withinside the plasma (e.g., albumin and globulin) can't skip via the filtration membrane because of the results of the scale barrier and rate barrier of the glomerular capillary filtration membrane. Proteins are not normal constituents of the glomerular filtrate.
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Determine which of the following sequences and structures represent part of mature eukaryotic mRNA.
- termination sequence
- 5'-UTR
- poly-A tail
- 3'-UTR
- start codon
- intron
- 5'-cap
- AAUAAA
- stop codon
- promoter
A portion of mature eukaryotic mRNA is represented by the sequences and structures of the stop codon poly-A tails 3'-UTR start codon 5'-UTR and AAUAAA.
What characterizes a eukaryotic?Eukaryote refers to any species or organism that possesses a unique nucleus. A nuclear membrane encircles the nuclear of a multicellular organism, which is home to the distinct chromosomal structures that store the genetic material.
Do eukaryotes possess DNA?In eukaryotic chromosomes, DNA is tightly wound around protein aggregates called histones. Genetic material is often far less abundant in prokaryotic cells than eukaryotic ones. Each human cell contains about 2m, or 3 million base pairs, of DNA, which must be compressed to fit on the inside of the nucleus. Eukaryotic cells include three distinct nuclear RNA polymerases, each of which transcribes a distinct class of genes.
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Part B Match the cardiac components in the left column to the blanks near their functions on the right. View Available Hint(s)
Bundle branches AV bundle Internodal pathways Purkinje fibers AV node SA node 1. Electrical link(s) between atria and ventricles
2. Convey(s) the impulse down the interventricular septum 3. Set(s) the pace for the entire heart 4 Delay(s) occurs here while atria contract 5. Link(s) between the SA node and AV node 6. Convey(s) the impulse throughout the ventricular walls
Match the blanks next to the cardiac parts in the right column inside the left column with their functions. S, internodel routes, and bundle branches
What are Purkinje fibers and bundle branches?
A cardiac muscle involved in conductivity in the heart is called the bundle of His. The branched Purkinje fibers transport the electric pulse to the ventricular. It passes through the interventricular septum and divides into the heart's right and left bundles branches.
Where are the branches of a bundle?
The bundle branches, also known as Tawara branches, sprout from the bundles of His in the ventricle of the heart. By relaying cardiac nerve impulses from the bundles of His to the myocardium, they play a crucial part in the electric cardiac conduction system.
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What happens to a cell if it accumulates too much damage?
Each subsequent cell division produces daughter cells with more accumulated damage. Eventually, all checkpoints fail and rapidly regenerating cells crowd out normal cells, leading to tumor growth.
When a cell accumulates too many changes (when its DNA is damaged and the repair machinery cannot repair it), it either stops dividing or self-destructs. It may become cancerous.
If the damage is irreparable, cells may undergo apoptosis or programmed cell death. This self-destruct mechanism ensures that damaged DNA is not passed on to daughter cells and is important in cancer prevention.
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Which of the following claims about the origin of the euglenid chloroplast is best supported by the three-membrane structure of the envelope?
A
It originated from the spontaneous assembly of organic molecules into a lipid bilayer inside a free-living prokaryote.
B
It originated from the fusion of the plasma membranes of two different free-living photosynthetic prokaryotes.
C
It originated from the incorporation of a photosynthetic prokaryote into a eukaryotic cell by a single endosymbiotic event.
D
It originated from the incorporation of a photosynthetic prokaryote into a eukaryotic cell by two endosymbiotic events.
The claims about the origin of the euglenid chloroplast are best supported by the three-membrane structure of the envelope: it originated from the spontaneous assembly of organic molecules into a lipid bilayer inside a free-living prokaryote.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
Euglenids (Excаvаtа, Discobа, Euglenozoа, Euglenidа) is а group of free-living, single-celled flаgellаtes living in the аquаtic environments. The uniting аnd unique morphologicаl feаture of euglenids is the presence of а cell covering cаlled the pellicle.
The chloroplаsts of Euglenа hаve аrisen from the progressive reduction of endosymbiotic green аlgаe. The theory is supported by the presence of а third membrаne аround the chloroplаsts of Euglenа which is not endoplаsmic reticulum (ER) in origin аnd mаy be derived from the plаsmаlemmа of the originаl symbiont. In аddition, Euglenа is the only orgаnism in which chloroplаst loss cаn be induced experimentаlly. Dinoflаgellаte chloroplаsts аre аlso surrounded by three membrаnes, аnd it is proposed thаt they too evolved from symbiotic eucаryotic аlgаe.
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What is the relationship between natural selection and genetics?
Gene guns, other direct gene introduction techniques, or specially built bacterial trucks are all used in genetic engineering to insert genetic material, a process that does not happen naturally.
Natural sexual and asexual reproductive methods are used in conventional breeding, which primarily relies on selection. Through a procedure called genetic engineering, crops can be produced more quickly than through selective breeding by directly changing an organism's DNA.
Any selection procedure that results from an organism's capacity for environmental adaptation is referred to as natural selection. Contrarily, artificial selection refers to selective breeding that is mandated by an external agent, typically humans, in order to increase the frequency of desirable traits.
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What can be known about Mendel's five part hypothesis it is an answer to a scientific?
Mendel established a set of five guiding principles to explain how features are passed down in pea plants, which he called his "five-part hypothesis." The following rules are there are specific "factors" that are transferred from parent to offspring and defining traits.
For each attribute, each parent gives their offspring one component. One factor will be dominant and the other will be recessive when the factors influencing a trait are distinct.
The phenotype will show the expression of the dominant factor but not the recessive factor. A child has a 50% chance of getting a particular trait from a parent.
Mendel's five-part hypothesis has been expanded upon and refined in the century and a half since his initial experiments, but the basic principles he discovered continue to form the foundation of modern genetics. Mendel's work helped establish the concept of the gene as the unit of inheritance and the idea that different versions of a gene (alleles) can result in different traits.
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Which term best describes the component of a control system that receives information about the status of a homeostatically regulated variable and initiates an appropriate response
The integrating center best describes the component of a control system that receives information about the status of a homeostatically regulated variable and initiates an appropriate response
.The brain's homeostatically often houses the integrating centre, which sends messages to various parts of the body telling them how to react to stimuli. For instance, when you place your palm on a hot surface, such as a stove, your brain's integrating centre receives a signal from your skin cells warning you that appropriate are in danger. The hypothalamus serves as the integrating hub for the negative feedback loop that the controls body temperature.
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The integrating center best describes the component of a control system that receives information about the status of a homeostatically regulated variable and initiates an appropriate response
.The brain's homeostatically often houses the integrating centre, which sends messages to various parts of the body telling them how to react to stimuli. For instance, when you place your palm on a hot surface, such as a stove, your brain's integrating centre receives a signal from your skin cells warning you that appropriate are in danger. The hypothalamus serves as the integrating hub for the negative feedback loop that the controls body temperature.
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What is the main idea of Mendel's principle of independent assortment?
The inheritance of one character has no bearing on the inheritance of another, according to Mendel's principle of independent assortment. In other words, distinct qualities are inherited independently of one another by their various alleles.
Mendel experimented with cross-bred pea plants that were true-breeding for a variety of traits, such as seed color and seed shape, in order to find this principle.
He discovered that the alleles for seed color and shape did not share an inheritance pattern and that each allele was transmitted to progeny separately.
This principle can be explained by the fact that each gene is located on a different chromosome and during the formation of gametes, the chromosomes are separated randomly during meiosis, leading to the formation of different combinations of chromosomes in each gamete. As a result, the alleles of different genes are inherited independently of one another.
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An egg with 22 chromosomes that is fertilized by a normal sperm will result in nondisjunction during subsequent mitosis. O a zygote with disomy. a zygote with monosomy. a zygote with normal chromosome number. a zygote with trisomy.
An egg with 22 chromosomes if fertilized by normal sperm will result in a zygote with monosomy. So the correct option is C
Here the X and Y chromosome has equal chances of getting combined with the one X chromosome of an egg.
Monosomy is a condition in which there is an absence of a specific chromosome in a gamete that combines with a normal gamete to form the zygote. Monosomy is an example of the aneuploidy which results in the imbalance of the chromosome number in a zygote.
When a haploid gamete does not receive a chromosome during meiosis as a result of nondisjunction, it combines with another gamete to form a monosomic zygote. This mainly happens in girls and imparts various physical changes.
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What causes genetic variation in a population environmental changes?
Mutations, the changes in the sequences of genes in DNA, are one source of genetic variation in a population environmental changes.
Gene flow, or the transfer of genes between several groups of organisms, is another source. The development of new gene combinations through sexual reproduction can also result in genetic variety.
Genetic variation is the variance in DNA sequences among members of a population. Germ cells, such as sperm and eggs, as well as somatic (all other) cells, are subject to variation.
Gene variants, sometimes known as mutations, can cause genetic differences, or a normal process in which genetic information is rearranged as a cell prepares to divide can also cause genetic variations (known as genetic recombination). Different phenotypes can be introduced into an organism by genetic changes that change gene activity or protein function.
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