The basic earth retaining structures include gravity walls, cantilever walls, sheet pile walls, anchored walls, and gabion walls.
Earth retaining structures are used to provide support to soil, rock or other materials and prevent their movement, especially when there is a change in ground elevation. The most common types of retaining structures are:
Gravity walls: These are the most simple and common type of earth retaining structures. They rely on their weight and mass to resist the pressure of soil or water.
Cantilever walls: These walls are made of reinforced concrete and steel and are designed to resist the pressure of soil and water by using the principle of leverage. Sheet pile walls: These walls are made of steel, wood, or concrete and are used to resist the pressure of soil and water by interlocking each other.
Anchored walls: These walls are constructed by embedding steel cables or rods in the soil and then anchoring them to a concrete wall. Gabion walls: These walls are made by filling wire baskets with rocks, and they are used to resist the pressure of soil and water.
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order these fossils oldest to youngest: three toed horse, ostracod, wooly mammoth, coral, saber toothed cat, creodont. Miacis
The Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian epochs are listed in order of oldest to youngest fossils .
What information can scientists glean from the order of the rock layers?By examining the characteristics of the layers and the many types of fossils found in these rock layers, we can discover what the surface of the world looked like long ago. a technique for estimating the age of a fossil or other extremely old thing.
What is the geologic time scale's age hierarchy, from oldest to youngest?PreCambrian, Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic are the four major ERAS, in order of oldest to youngest. The geological time scale is subdivided into periods.
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how is parallax used to measure the distances to stars
Parallax is a method used to measure distances to nearby stars. It takes advantage of the fact that as the Earth orbits the Sun, the position of nearby stars as seen from the Earth appears to change.
Here's how it works: Observation at two different points in Earth's orbit: The first observation is taken when the Earth is on one side of its orbit around the Sun. Six months later, a second observation is taken when the Earth is on the opposite side of its orbit.
Triangulation: These two observations form a triangle with the star at one vertex and the two positions of the Earth at the other two vertices. The size of this triangle can be used to determine the distance to the star.
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Explain how a plant grows. What are phototropism, thigmotropism, and gravitropism.
Answer: The growth of a plant toward light is called phototropism. Stems and leaves grow toward the light to obtain more light for photosynthesis. Gravitropism is plant growth in response to gravity. This can be seen in how roots grow downward and stems develop upward. Thigmotropism is a plant's response to touch.
Explanation:
life in a metropolitan city
life in a metropolitan city is hectic, fast-paced, rigid, and demanding. It can be difficult for some people to endure everyone competing for business, twisting gridlock, and pollution plaguing the metropolis. particularly the aged.
What is metropolitan city?
A highly populated urban agglomeration and its surrounding regions that share infrastructure, commercial areas, transportation networks, and housing make up a metropolitan area, or metro.
A metro region typically consists of several major cities, jurisdictions, and municipalities, including counties, districts, townships, boroughs, cities, towns, exurbs, and even states and countries like the eurodistricts. Metropolitan areas have evolved into important economic and political regions as social, economic, and political institutions have altered.
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What happens to coral when there is too much algae?
Answer: Depleting oxygen from the environment or introducing diseases.
Explanation: Hope this helps!
What is uniformitarianism?A principle that geologic processes that occurred in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
A geological principle known as uniformitarianism asserts that throughout the history of the Earth, the same natural processes that exist today have always functioned in the same way.
According to uniformitarianism, the geological features we can currently observe, such as mountains, valleys, and rivers, were developed over a long period of time by slow, progressive processes rather than by sudden catastrophic catastrophes. James Hutton, a Scottish geologist, made the initial argument for uniformitarianism in the late 18th century. He claimed that by examining the current processes that create the planet, one may learn about the Earth's geological history.
Since it was originally put forward, the uniformitarianism principle has been a cornerstone idea in geology, and it has greatly influenced how we view the Earth's past and the processes that have shaped its surface over millions of years.
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What are the consequences of El Nino and La Nina weather phenomenon in south american countries such as ecuador and peru?
The El Niño and La Niña phenomenon, often known as the El Niño Southern Oscillation or ENSO, can affect both Peru and Ecuador's mainland and the Galápagos Islands, complicating the country's climate.
Ocean currents warm the air during an El Niño, which leads to precipitation. The islands' ecosystems and food chains are also severely disrupted by ENSO, potentially leading to catastrophic famines in many species due to a shortage of cold current nutrients.
As a result of the La Niña phenomenon, also known as the anti-El Niño ocean temperatures drop and severe flooding occurs in Ecuador and northern South America.
El Niño's impact on weather patterns can damage infrastructure, affect many different industries, and have a ripple effect on the entire economy. Coastal areas of Peru are crucial for agricultural production.
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What is characterized by wavy layers and bands of light and dark minerals?
Foliated metamorphic rock is characterized by wavy layers and bands of light and dark minerals .Foliation describes a metamorphic rock in which the minerals are arranged in layers.
The rocks are a type of metamorphic rock that has a characteristic striated (or striated) pattern. Extreme heat and pressure flatten rock minerals to form the parallel layers necessary to form the striated pattern of layered rocks.
Sheet rocks are rocks with parallel mineral layers or bands. These strips can become wavy due to strong pressure. Slate and gneiss are two fairly common metamorphic rocks that have a layered texture. Gneiss is a high-grade metamorphic rock composed of light and dark minerals separated into bands, lenses or streaks.
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When the Moon is closer to the Sun than Earth is, which phases are visible? A. waxing crescent
D. waning crescent
When the Moon is closer to the Sun than Earth waning crescent phases are visible.
We will see progressively less of the illuminated side, or day side, of a waning crescent moon on each morning that follows. As the moon approaches its new phase, when it will be between the Earth and the sun, it rises closer to the sunrise each day.
In addition, the lit side of the waning crescent points in the general direction of the moon's daily motion in relation to the background stars and zodiacal planets. Additionally, that is east.
As a morning moon, which is visible before sunrise, the waning crescent moon is often overlooked. It's entertaining to watch the waning crescent, though, as it moves closer to the light of dawn each day.
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When the Moon is closer to the Sun than Earth is, which phases are visible?
A. waxing crescent
D. waning crescent
4. Pilihan ganda30 detik1 ptQ. Which energy source contributes to the greatest emissions of gases in the environment during the energy production process?Pilihan jawabanbio fuelsfossil fuelsnuclear energysolar energy
Fossil fuels, particularly coal, oil, and natural gas, are the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution during the energy production process.
The burning of fossil fuels releases large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), a potent greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. Additionally, the extraction, transportation, and refinement of fossil fuels can also release other air pollutants such as methane, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide.
Nuclear energy also has a relatively low carbon footprint during the energy production process, however, the nuclear fuel cycle and waste management can pose environmental and safety concerns.
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at the 1997 rate of consumption, about how long will the estimated 2,000 billion barrels of oil last?
Estimating the exact duration of the world's remaining oil reserves is a complex task that depends on various factors such as the rate of consumption, discoveries of new oil reserves, technological advancements in oil extraction, and changes in global demand.
However, based on the 1997 rate of consumption, I can provide a rough estimate.
In 1997, the world consumed approximately 75 million barrels of oil per day, so the 2,000 billion barrels of oil would last approximately 26.3 years. However, it's important to note that this is just an estimate, and the actual duration could be significantly different due to changes in the factors mentioned above.
Furthermore, it's also worth mentioning that the world's oil reserves are not distributed evenly, and some countries have much larger reserves than others. Additionally, the extraction and production of oil from different reserves can vary greatly in terms of cost, accessibility, and environmental impact, which can also impact the rate of consumption.
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Which of the following has a 0 degree latitude and 0 degree longitude geographical position?
A. In the Mediterranean Sea
B. In Ghana a West African-country
C. In the South Atlantic Ocean
D. At Greenwich Observatory in England
Ghana a West African-country has a 0 degree latitude and 0 degree longitude geographical position. The correct answer is B.
Ghana, a West African nation, is located at 0 degrees latitude and 0 degrees longitude. The Earth is divided into two equal hemispheres by the Equator's line of zero degrees latitude (north and south). A imaginary line at latitude 0 degrees is known as the Prime Meridian.
The Gulf of Guinea, off the coast of western Africa, in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, is where 0 degrees latitude (also known as the Equator) and 0 degrees longitude meet on a map. The country nearest to 0°, 0° is Ghana, an African country, which is situated 614 kilometers away from this intersection.
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How did Rubin's quilt challenge the media's messages about the pollution of the Animas River
The media's messages about the pollution of the Animas River were there are several chemicals thrown in the water, As per the survey the radioactive sample was taken by the mill.
What is pollution?The introduction of toxins into the environment that has a negative impact on it is known as pollution. Pollution can be any kind of material or energy. Both naturally occurring contaminants and imported substances/energies.
As per the survey, A million gallons of acidic water containing metals and silt were released during the catastrophe, and it flowed orange-colored discharge downstream into Cement Creek and into the Animas River.
Therefore, As a result, The variety of chemical elements in the animal rivers is being polluted.
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Which ocean zone receives the most sunlight?
Answer:
the euphotic
Explanation:
this region includes upper 200 m of ocean and contains marine animals. rarely any light passes through this region
The largest types of clouds found in interstellar space are called?
The largest types of clouds found in interstellar space are called Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs).
Write a short note on Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs).
GMCs are massive, dense clouds of gas and dust that are several hundred light-years in size and contain enough material to form hundreds of thousands of stars. GMCs are made up mostly of molecular hydrogen and helium, as well as dust and other elements, and they are typically found in the spiral arms of galaxies. These clouds are the birthplace of stars, and they play a key role in the formation and evolution of galaxies. The study of GMCs is important for understanding the processes of star formation and the structure and evolution of galaxies.
Hence, the answer is, the largest types of clouds found in interstellar space are called Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs).
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Describe the global patterns of volcanoes and earthquakes that are shown on the world map
Earthquakes and volcanoes do not occur in random locations around the world. Instead, they usually only appear along specific zones or belts.
Describe the global patterns of volcanoes ?These belts are found near plate boundaries, as scientists realised after learning about plate tectonics.
Broad sense foreshocks, preseismic quiescence, precursory swarms, and doughnut patterns are a few of them. Although all or some of these patterns precede numerous earthquakes, their specifics vary greatly from event to event.
The Circum-Pacific Belt, often known as the Ring of Fire, is a region along the Pacific Ocean marked by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. The Ring of Fire is where most of Earth's earthquakes and volcanoes occur.
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when a cloud forms, latent heat is ____ the atmosphere and the surrounding air temperature ____.
When a cloud forms, latent heat is released into the atmosphere and the surrounding air temperature cools.
Write a short note on cloud formation.
When a cloud forms, latent heat is released into the atmosphere and the surrounding air temperature cools. The release of latent heat occurs as the water vapor in the cloud condenses into tiny droplets of liquid water or ice crystals. This process releases energy, which cools the surrounding air and helps to maintain the stability of the cloud. The cooling effect can sometimes be enough to cause the air temperature to drop below the dew point, which can result in the formation of precipitation and other weather phenomena.
Hence, the answer is, when a cloud forms, latent heat is released into the atmosphere and the surrounding air temperature cools.
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what is the weather in tallmadge ohio
The weather in Tallmadge, Ohio varies depending on the time of year.
During the summer months, the weather is typically warm and humid with temperatures reaching the high 80s. In the winter, the weather can be quite cold with temperatures dropping into the single digits.
It is also common for Tallmadge to experience snowfall during the winter months. The spring and fall seasons typically have more mild temperatures with occasional rain showers. It is always best to check the current weather conditions before planning any outdoor activities in Tallmadge, Ohio.
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what is the range of thickness of the lithosphere?
Lithospheric thickness generally ranges from 170 to 200 km, but in some areas it is as thick as 240 km, making it the thickest lithosphere worldwide.
The lithosphere is the hard, inflexible layer this is overlaying the outer floor of the earth. It may be subdivided into tectonic plates.The thickness of the lithosphere is 100km.The lithosphere is related to tectonic sports.Above the lithosphere lies the surroundings and underneath it lies the asthenosphere.The asthenosphere includes melted rocks that offers it a sticky and thick consistency. There are forms of lithosphere: the oceanic lithosphere and the continental lithosphere.The oceanic lithosphere makes up the seafloor and it's miles pretty dense. Maximum tectonic sports arise on the out of doors boundary of the lithosphere. Collisions in opposition to every different and tearing aside takes place.
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pls pls help whoever gets it right gets a crown
Answer:
Group A contains metals and Group B contains non-metals.
Explanation:
Hope it helps:)
Pls, tell me if I got it wrong:)
which combination of magma viscosity and gas content is most likely to lead to explosive volcanic eruptions?
The combination of magma viscosity and gas content is more likely to lead to explosive volcanic eruptions depending on the high amount of magma and gas.
How do explosive volcanic eruptions occur?When the magma is very viscous and there is a lot of gas, it is stored under the volcanic surface, generating an increase in pressure that leads to violent eruptions.
Therefore, the higher the viscosity of the volcanic magma and the greater the amount of gas, the more likely the volcano will be susceptible to eruptions due to the difficulty of escaping the gases, which increases the pressure that overcomes the resistance of the volcanic rocks.
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which challenge of terrestrial life is addressed by the presence of a cuticle? Water loss through the surface | prevention of evaporation | terrestrial plants | embryo retention
Loss of water through the surface is a challenge to terrestrial life which is discoursed by a cuticle.
The cuticle acts as a barrier to help stop excessive water loss, preventing more evaporation over the surface and banning the entry of harmful components like parasites and poisons. The cuticle also helps regulate the quantity of water that enters the body and allows for the exchange of gases and other essential substances. Water offers a form of exterior structure and stability to living things. Because it shields against environmental stresses, the cuticle is essential to the continued existence of terrestrial life.
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which planet is farther from the sun
The planet that is farthest from the Sun is Neptune.
It is the eighth and final planet in our solar system, and it is located an average of 4.5 billion kilometers (2.8 billion miles) away from the Sun. Neptune is a gas giant, meaning that it is primarily composed of gases such as hydrogen and helium, and it is known for its distinctive blue color, which is caused by the presence of methane in its atmosphere.
Neptune has a very long orbital period, meaning that it takes a long time to complete one orbit around the Sun. In fact, it takes Neptune 164.8 Earth years to complete one orbit, making it the slowest-moving planet in our solar system.
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Industrial agriculture uses machines, irrigation systems, fertilizers, and pesticides to mass-produce food. However, industrial agriculture has had significant detrimental effects. Match the industrial agriculture practice to the negative effect it can cause.
reduces crop diversity-genetic engineering
seeps into human food chain-antibiotics
endangers workers and water table-chemical fertilizer
reduces crop diversity-genetic engineering, seeps into human food chain-antibiotics and endangers workers and water table-pesticides
Reduces crop diversity-genetic engineering: One of the negative effects of industrial agriculture is the loss of crop diversity. This happens because many industrial agriculture practices rely on monoculture, the cultivation of a single crop species in a given area.
This can result in a reduction in the overall genetic diversity of crops, making them more vulnerable to disease and pests. In addition, genetic engineering is often used to create crops that are resistant to herbicides and pests, but this can further reduce crop diversity and lead to a dependency on these engineered crops.
Seeps into human food chain antibiotics: Industrial agriculture relies heavily on the use of antibiotics to promote growth and prevent disease in livestock. However, the overuse of antibiotics in agriculture has led to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can pose a significant threat to human health..
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roads made of logs placed side-by-side, perpendicular to the direction of the road and located in swampy, soft and muddy low areas. True or false?
Since the time of the Romans, roadways built of logs laid perpendicular to the direction of movement have been known as corduroy.
Even though corduroy does not offer the kind of stable, permanent roadbed that a skidder would require, it can be suitable for small tractors, hikers, and cross-country skiers. A road is a trafficked area where people, animals, or wheeled vehicles move. In contemporary usage, a road refers to a rural, less-traveled route, whereas a street refers to an urban thoroughfare. The term "highway" originally referred to a significant country thoroughfare; more recently, it has been used to describe a route, in either a rural or urban setting, where points of entry and exit for vehicles are restricted and controlled. These routes' most ancient names appear to be the forerunners of the current ones. The word "way" comes from the Middle English word "wey," which itself comes from the Latin word "veho," which means "I carry," and the Sanskrit word "vah," which means "carry," "travel," or "move."
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Which was not a issue in building the three gorges dam?
Key issues protected the risk of dam collapse, the displacement of a few 1.3 million people (critics insisted the parent turned into definitely 1.9 million) dwelling in greater than 1,500 cities.
Towns, and villages alongside the river, and the destruction of marvelous surroundings and endless uncommon architectural and archaeological sites. One of the primary motives that the Three Gorges dam turned into constructed turned into to save you flooding similarly downstream, Power Generation, Lesser Three Gorges, Environmental Impact, the dam has been designed to effect the surroundings as low as possible, visiting the Dam. Dam production has performed great roles in flood control, irrigation, navigation, and strength supply; however, the full-size bad effects, along with landslides, ecological problems, and water excellent decline, should surpass nice gains.
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A(n) ___________ is the vibrations we feel when sudden movement occurs along a fault. (Enter only one word per blank.)earthquakehypocenterepicenterresonance
friction
A(n) earthquake is the vibrations we feel when sudden movement occurs along a fault.
An earthquake is a quick movement of geological materials beneath the earth's surface that causes the ground to shake violently or weakly. The tectonic plate border is where the earthquakes start.
Earthquakes typically result from subsurface rock breaking unexpectedly and rapid movement along a fault. The seismic waves that cause the ground to tremble are brought on by this quick release of energy.
Generated earthquakes Human activities such as building tunnels, filling reservoirs, and carrying out geothermal or fracking projects can induce earthquakes.
volcano-related earthquakes. Active volcanism is related to volcanic quakes.
Earthquakes that collapse.
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how does the phosphorous get released from the rock?
By rain and weathering the phosphorous get released from the rock . Phosphorus cycles through rocks, water, soil and sediments, and organisms.
Phosphorus is found in the earth's crust, mainly in sedimentary rocks containing phosphate minerals, As these rocks are weathered and eroded, dissolved phosphates enter the soil and travel to the ocean via rivers. Over time, phosphate ions and other minerals form in rocks due to rain and weathering. This inorganic phosphate is then distributed into soil and water.
Since the main source of phosphorus is in rocks, the first step in the phosphorus cycle involves the removal of phosphorus from rocks by weathering. Weather conditions such as rain and other sources of erosion cause phosphorus to leach into the soil.
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what deep feature of the seafloor forms in a subduction zone
Deep trenches are capabilities regularly shaped wherein tectonic plates are being subducted and earthquakes are not unusual place at subduction zones as well.
In particular, ocean trenches are a function of convergent plate boundaries, wherein or extra tectonic plates meet. At many convergent plate boundaries, dense lithosphere melts or slides underneath less-dense lithosphere in a manner referred to as subduction, growing a trench. Thick layers of sediment may also acquire withinside the trench, and those and the subducting plate rocks comprise water that subduction transports to depth, which at better temperatures and pressures allows melting to arise and 'magmas' to form. The warm buoyant magma rises as much as the surface, forming chains of volcanoes.
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Which plate boundary and movement commonly create non-volcanic mountains? Explain how non-volcanic mountains are created by plate tectonics.
Mountains that aren't volcanic are created at convergent boundaries when two plates collide and move in that direction.
Folded mountains and non-volcanic mountains are produced by what kind of convergent boundary?Two continents collide and squeeze against one another at a crustal convergent plate boundary. The Earth's crust folds as a result of this collision, creating mountain ranges and extensive ocean trenches.
Which plate border exclusively experiences earthquakes and no volcanoes?prudent plate borders. An earthquake is brought on by the pressure's release, which releases enormous amounts of energy. Due to their proximity to the Earth's surface, tremors at a conservative continental edge can be extremely damaging. The conservative plate border lacks volcanoes.
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