Initiation, elongation, and termination are the three stages of translation.
About translationTranslation in genetics and molecular biology is the process of translating the sequence nucleotides present in the mRNA molecule into a sequence of amino acids that make up a polypeptide or protein. Transcription and Translation are the two main processes that link genes to proteins. Translation only occurs in mRNA molecules, whereas rRNA and tRNA are not translated.
An mRNA molecule which is a copy of DNA sequences composes a gene in the form of an open reading frame. mRNA carries amino acid sequence information. Translation into three stages (same as in transcription) namely initiation, elongation, and termination. All of these steps require protein factors that assist mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes during the translation process. Initiation and elongation of the polypeptide chain also requires a certain amount of energy.
Learn more about translation at https://brainly.com/question/7326809.
#SPJ4
The part of the brain stem that regulates vital activities such as heartbeat, breathing, and digestion is the:_____.
The part of the brain stem that regulates vital activities such as heartbeat,breathing and digestion is the Medulla oblongata. The bottom part of brain which regulate your breathing,heart rhythms,blood pressure and swallowing.
The respiratory center is located in the medulla oblongata and is involved in the minute-to-minute control of breathing.It's locate where the brain and spiral cord connect, it help in control vital processes like our heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure.
This also responsible for reflexes of the face and throat like - coughing,sneezing,gagging. It can lead to respiratory failure, loss of sensation, paralysis,it causes 'brain death" and person can not survive.
To learn more about Respiratory center here
https://brainly.com/question/14446082
#SPJ4
What do both the set point hypothesis and the settling point hypothesis seek to explain?
Both the set point hypothesis and the settling point hypothesis seek to explain how multiple, interacting factors determine body weight.
What is a hypothesis?A hypothesis is a statement defining the relation between two or multiple variables that has to be tested to find the truth of the relationship.A good hypothesis should be precise, given as a statement, should be able to be tested, contains at least two variables.According to set point hypothesis, our DNA contains baseline information about our body weight. The change of our body weight from a specific set point given in the DNA is limited. Each body has its specific set point and tries to stay in that range.Settling point hypothesis also determines how our body controls weight, According to this hypothesis; our weight is maintained by the feedbacks which are controlled by specific genes present in the DNA.Learn more about hypothesis here:
https://brainly.com/question/606806
#SPJ4
Based on the assumption that individuals seek to maximize the return (in calories and nutrients) on their labor, __________ is a model used by anthropologists to how food-collectors decide which animals and plants to hunt or collect and which to ignore,.
Based on the assumption that individuals seek to maximize the return (in calories and nutrients) on their labor, age and gender is a model used by anthropologists to how food collectors decide which animals and plants to hunt or collect and which to ignore.
What is the meaning of "Labor"?In its most basic sense, the term "labor" refers to employment that requires heavy manual labor, typically performed by unskilled laborers. However, the term "labor" in economics refers to manual labor. It also requires mental effort. In other words, work that is done physically or mentally in exchange for payment is considered labor.
What exactly does an anthropological do?When it comes to human origins, physical, social, linguistic, and cultural development, behavior, and the cultures, organizations, and institutions that people have built over time, anthropologists study, assess, and help shape public policy.
Learn more about Labor here:-
https://brainly.com/question/606333
#SPJ4
Which cell type is the most numerous white blood cell in circulation, is the first leukocyte recruited from the bloodstream to injured tissues, and releases potent antimicrobial peptides
Neutrophils are the most numerous leukocytes in circulation, it is the first leukocyte recruited from the bloodstream to injured tissues, and releases potent antimicrobial peptides.
Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell, they are granulated and have a multilobed nucleus. The cytoplasmic granules contain microbicidal substances.
The major functions of neutrophils are:
Destroying the pathogen by phagocytosis.Disintegrating the bacterial toxins Helping other immune cells to generate an immune response against the invading pathogen.Neutrophils play a very important role in immune functions as they are the first cells to travel to the site of infection and disintegrate the pathogen by microbicidal substances in their granules and by phagocytosis.
Know more about neutrophils here:
https://brainly.com/question/27960149
#SPJ4
______ are geologic considerations when identifying physically safe places for human habitation.
The strength of the underlying geology, steepness of hillsides and faults in the Earth's crust which can potentially cause earthquakes are the geologic considerations during the identification of physically safe places for human habitation.
Geology basically deals with the study of the Earth and it finds a vital application in understanding the physical features of an area before it is inhabited by humans.
Human habitation on steep hillsides can be risky due to potential landslides and soil erosion which may occur due to rainfall or by rivers. It is also important to judge the strength of the underlying geology to ensure stability to the structures and buildings made to support habitation. The faults in the Earth's crust and the movement of the tectonic plates are responsible for causing Earthquakes. Seismic activity can lead to swaying of the structures and result in their instability which happens to risk human lives.
To learn more about geology here
brainly.com/question/7194247
#SPJ4
There is a significant forward slippage on one vertebra in this lateral radiograph. which vertebra?
Its a degree of slippage of one vertebral body on the adjacent body. Spondylolisthesis is a condition , it occurs when vertebral body slips with respect to adjacent body of vertebra.
Its causes back pain but nor dangerous and not life long ,its normal . Medication and physical therapies can helpful.The treatment for slippage is depends on the severity of pain and vertebra slippage.
Non surgical treatment can helps ease pain and make stronger the bone.There are some initial symptoms of slippage such as pain in your lower back when your standing for a long or setting in improper way, pain spreading to your bottom or things.
To learn more about Medication here
https://brainly.com/question/11098559
#SPJ4
Which muscles are typically underactive with knee valgus during the overhead squat?
Gluteus maximus and medius muscles are typically underactive with knee valgus during the overhead squat.
The gluteus maximus is the maximum superficial gluteal muscle that paperwork the prominence of the gluteal place. The gluteus maximus works with the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscle groups to increase the hip.
The gluteus maximus is the predominant extensor muscle of the hip. it's far the most important and outermost of the 3 gluteal muscular tissues and makes up a big part of the form and appearance of every factor of the hips. it is the single biggest muscle in the human frame.
learn more about gluteus maximus here
https://brainly.com/question/23263322
#SPJ1
Match each word to it's correct meaning.
1. chlorophyll
2. chloroplast
3. palisade layer
4. photosynthesis
small oval bodies containing
chlorophyll
layer of cells near the top surface of
the leaf that contains the chloroplasts
green chemical that performs
photosynthesis
food-making process in green
plants
How many chromosomes are contained in the nucleus of each cell in the human body? 100 23 46
There are a total of 46 (23 pairs) chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell of the human body.
What are chromosomes and how many chromosomes are found in a human cell?Long segments of DNA are carried by chromosomes, which are organelles that can be found in the nucleus of cells. The substance that houses genes is called DNA. It serves as the foundation for the human body.
Additionally, proteins found in chromosomes aid in the appropriate structure of DNA.
Chromosomes are found in pairs. The average human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total chromosomes). The mother contributed half, and the father contributed the other half.
When you are born, two chromosomes—the X and the Y chromosome—determine whether you are a boy or a girl. They are known as sex chromosomes:
There are two X chromosomes in females.Each male has one X and one Y chromosome.The child receives one X chromosome from the mother. X or Y could be contributed by the father. The baby's gender at birth is determined by the father's chromosome.
Autosomal chromosomes are the remaining chromosomes in the human body.
Learn more about chromosomes here:
https://brainly.com/question/1596925
#SPJ4
Answer:
46
Explanation:
1) Based on your observations, what are the phenotype and genotype of the P1 plant? What did you deduce to be the genotype and phenotype of the P2?
2) Based on your observations, draw the Punnett square for the cross of the P1 and P2 parental plants.
Based on your observations, draw the Punnett square for the cross of the F1 plants.
Based on the Punnett square above, what is the percentage of offspring that are predicted to have purple stems and dwarf stem height? How did this compare to the results that you obtained in this lab?
Based on the Punnett square above, what is the percentage of offspring that are predicted to have non-purple stems and dwarf stem height? How did this compare to the results that you obtained in this lab?
Based on the Punnett square above, what is the percentage of offspring that are predicted to have purple stems and normal stem height? How did this compare to the results that you obtained in this lab?
Based on the Punnett square above, what is the percentage of offspring that are predicted to have non-purple stems and normal stem height? How did this compare to the results that you obtained in this lab?
Answer:
Explanation 2 because ishudbh
PLS HELPPP WILL MARK BRAINLIEST IM DESPARETE
The patella is a(n) _____________bone found in the ___________________. (2 points)
long; appendicular skeleton
irregular; appendicular skeleton
flat; axial skeleton
short; axial skeleton
In the case above, the patella is a irregular bone found in the appendicular skeleton.
Where is the patella in the knee?The patella is known to be a bones of the Appendicular skeleton and it is one that can be seen or found in front of the knee joint and it is at the spot where the thighbone (femur) and shinbone (tibia) is said to meet.
Note that In the case above, the patella is a irregular bone found in the appendicular skeleton precisely on the knees of humans.
Learn more about patella from
https://brainly.com/question/3312364
#SPJ1
Some bacterial cells are resistant to a variety of antimicrobials because they actively pump the drugs out of the cell.
True. Some bacterial cells are resistant to a variety of antimicrobials because they actively pump the drugs out of the cell.
A significant resistance mechanism in Gram-negative bacteria is drug efflux. It expel solutes from the cell. Antimicrobials and metabolites are just a few of the hazardous compounds that Efflux pumps help bacteria remove from their interior environments so they can regulate it.
The main efflux systems in Gram-negative bacteria are members of the RND superfamily and typically consist of an outer membrane protein channel, a periplasmic protein, and a cytoplasmic membrane pump. The most common example is MFS (such as Bmr and Blt in Bacillus subtilis) and the ABC transporters.
Learn more about antimicrobials here:
https://brainly.com/question/13052094
#SPJ4
rt A When the diaphragm contracts, _______. When the diaphragm contracts, _______. it lifts the rib cage it flattens out and it rises in the thoracic cavity it flattens out it rises in the thoracic cavity
When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens out.
The diaphragm is a thin layer of skeletal muscle that is seen below the lungs. It is seen at the chest base and it helps to separate the chest from the abdomen. The contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm increase and decrease the thoracic volume which allows the air to enter and exit the lungs.
The contraction of the diaphragm increases the thoracic volume which forces the air to enter the lungs. This process is called inhalation. The diaphragm in its resting state appears dome-like and when it goes back to its resting state it pushed the carbon dioxide-rich air out. This is called exhalation.
The diaphragm is made up of fibrous tissue and skeletal muscles. It has a central tendon that anchors the diaphragm to the ribs. It also has 3 large openings they are esophageal opening, aortic opening, and caval opening. Some smaller ones are also present that allows the nerves and vessels to pass through. The actions of the diaphragm are controlled by the right phrenic nerves and left right phrenic. The inferior phrenic arteries supply blood to the diaphragm.
Learn more about the diaphragm here:
https://brainly.com/question/12920059
#SPJ4
The muscles that retract the scapula are the?
what is the sound producing organ in rabbit
The larynx is the sound producing organ in a rabbit.
All events that occur in living things in order to maintain homeostasis are known as
Answer:
The living things in order to maintain is homeostasis
The living things in order to maintain is homeostasis
What is homeostasis?
As it is currently understood, homeostasis is a self-regulating process that allows biological systems to remain stable while responding to shifting environmental factors.
The stable internal, external, and chemical conditions that are maintained by living systems are known as homeostasis in biology. In order for the organism to function at its best, a number of factors, including body temperature and fluid balance, must be maintained within predetermined ranges.
The capacity of an organism to retain internal stability in response to environmental changes is known as homeostasis. The best illustration of homeostasis is the body's internal temperature.
To learn more about homeostasis refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/1673915
#SPJ2
In which step(s) did a chemical change most likely occur? investigation a, step 1 and investigation b, step 1 investigation a, step 2 and investigation b, step 2 investigation a, step 2 only investigation b, step 2 only
A chemical change must have occurred in investigation B step 2 because a change in color occurred.
What is a chemical change?A chemical change is said to occur when a new substance has been formed. The markers of the occurrence of a chemical change are signs such as;
Evolution of a gasAppearance of a solidChange of colorChange of temperatureNow a physical change does not involve the formation of a new substance. Physical change would always involve the change of a substance from one form to another such as the melting of ice.
As such, in looking our for the steps in which a chemical change occurred we must look out for the properties of a chemical change as mentioned above.
Now, a chemical change must have occurred in investigation B step 2 because a change in color occurred.
Learn more about chemical change:https://brainly.com/question/23693316
#SPJ1
Missing parts;
Investigations were carried out in a science lab to explore the topic of chemical and physical changes. Investigation A Step 1. Add 5 tsp. salt to 100 ml warm water and stir until most or all of the salt is no longer visible. Step 2. Heat the salt solution on a burner until only a white solid remains. Investigation B Step 1. Mix 10 tsp. white sugar into 100 ml water and stir until most or all of the sugar is no longer visible. Step 2. Heat the sugar solution on a burner until the solution thickens and turns brown. In which step(s) did a chemical change most likely occur?
Photodecomposition, photomutagenicity and photocytotoxicity of retinyl palmitate under He-Ne laser photoirradiation and its effects on photodynamic therapy of cancer cells in vitro
The effects on photodynamic therapy of cancer cells in vitro is that retinyl palmitate (RP) can be used 24 h before PDT to enhance its effects. RP is not mutagenic under irradiation with He–Ne laser.
HeLa cells with or without RP (retinyl palmitate) that was incubated with the cells for a short or long incubation period prior to PDT are typically used to test the effects of PDT (photodynamic therapy) using hematoporphyrin derivatives (HpD) as photosensitizer under He-Ne laser irradiation.
No photodecomposition of RP alone is visible, but a small amount is seen of in the presence of HpD under He-Ne laser irradiation is seen. No photomutagenicity is often seen under laser irradiation. HeLa cell viability can be dramatically reduced by RP alone. A 24 hour incubation period before PDT increased the cytotoxicity of PDT on HeLa cells.
Therefore, retinyl palmitate (RP) can be used 24 h before PDT to enhance its effects. RP is not mutagenic under irradiation with He–Ne laser.
Learn more about retinyl palmitate here:
https://brainly.com/question/24051570
#SPJ4
Which two species are actually the closer relatives in terms of evolutionary history: human, chinook salmon, and great white shark?
The two species that are closer relatives in terms of evolution include chinook salmon and white shark.
What is evolution?Evolution refers to a common origin in different organisms, and the main evolutionary mechanism is natural selection.
Humans, chinook salmons and white sharks belong to Chordate Phylum, but these last two are closer form an evolutionary point of view.
In conclusion, the two species that are closer include chinook salmon and white shark.
Learn more about evolution here:
https://brainly.com/question/4207376
#SPJ1
during what phase of a muscle twitch chemical changes such as the release of calicum are according intracelluary as rthe muscles prepare for contractrion
During latent phase of a muscle twitch chemical changes such as the release of calicum are according intracelluary as rthe muscles prepare for contractrion.
What are the phases of a twitch contraction?
A single contraction is called a twitch. A muscle twitch has a latent period, a contraction phase, and a relaxation phase. A graded muscle response allows variation in muscle tension.What is a latent period ?
The amount of time that passes between an action potential being generated in a muscle cell and the beginning of muscular contraction.
What is a muscle twitch?
The fundamental reaction of a motor unit to a single stimulus is a muscle twitch. Muscle Twitch in three different states . Excitation of the muscle fiber takes place during the latent phase, and calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cell's cytoplasm.What happens during latent period of muscle twitch?
A single muscle twitch consists of three parts. the contraction phase, the relaxation phase, and the latent period, often known as the lag phase. The action potential reaches the muscle, and the latent period is the brief (1-2 msec) interval before tension is seen in the muscle.Learn more about latent period
brainly.com/question/10696517
#SPJ4
How does the structure of the digestive tract in different invertebrate groups affect the size of the organisms that they can eat
Answer:
Sponges and Cnidarians have a central body cavity and not a digestive system
Explanation:
Name of process whi ch can increase the rate of dissolving waterr in salt
Agitation and stirring will increase the rate of dissolving water in salt.
What is agitation and stirring?Agitation:
A fluid is agitated when it is made to flow mechanically through a vessel in a certain pattern, such as a circulatory one. The process of agitating a mixture involves the movement of one or more of its constituent parts to enhance contact. A liquid's usual properties will change as a result of vigorous agitation, especially with water, which reduces the liquid's aggregation.
Stirring:
To stir is to continually or repeatedly move one's hand through something (such a liquid or another substance) in order to cool, mix, agitate, dissolve, etc. any or all of the component parts: to use a spoon to stir your coffee.
Learn more about agitation and stirring here:
https://brainly.com/question/14897367
#SPJ4
Which events in meiosis are responsible for the principle of segregation? select all that apply
Separation of homologous chromosomes in anaphase 1 is responsible for the principle of segregation.
Mendel put out the law of segregation after noticing that true-breeding pea plants with opposing features produced F1 generations that all displayed the dominant trait and F2 generations that expressed the dominant and recessive traits in a 3:1 ratio. According to the law of segregation, each diploid individual has two alleles (copies) for a specific attribute. During meiosis, the two different alleles for a single gene segregate as the chromosomes divide into several gametes, resulting in each gamete acquiring one of the two alleles.The fundamental tenet of the rule is that copies of genes separate or segregate, resulting in just one allele being passed on to each gamete.Hence in anaphase 1 when the homologous chromosomes are pulled apart the alleles also segregate.learn more about homologous chromosomes here: https://brainly.com/question/8253366
#SPJ4
The philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene called:_____
The Philadelphia chromosome results from a balanced translocation that forms a new gene called BCR-ABL. The term clinical remission is synonymous with cure.
The Philadelphia chromosome is a reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 9 and 22 that is commonly identified in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The break points of the translocation create a fusion of two genes: ABL1 on chromosome 9 and BCR on chromosome 22.
There is technically no cure for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) caused by the Philadelphia chromosome. Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia (Ph+ CML) causes abnormal changes to the chromosomes that lead to high levels of abnormal cells in the bone marrow and blood.
To learn more about chronic myelogenous leukemia here
https://brainly.com/question/14082729
#SPJ4
Nutrients are brought to spongy bone through which mechanism? (2 points)
Transport through Haversian canals
Diffusion through canaliculi
Diffusion through the lacuna
Transport through collagen fibers
Diffusion through canaliculi is the mechanism through which nutrients are brought to spongy bone.
What is the canaliculi in bone?Bone canaliculi are tiny canals that run through the dense matrix of the bone, containing the dendrites of osteocytes, and filled with an ion-rich interstitial fluid. Fluid flow and electrochemical phenomena coexist in very tiny (a few hundred nanometers in diameter) canals. The canaliculi function as a conduit for osteocyte communication, the removal of cellular wastes, and the delivery of nutrients via blood vessels.
Osteocytes maintain contact with one another and with cells on the surface of the bone thanks to gap junction-coupled cell processes that travel through the matrix through tiny passageways called canaliculi. These canaliculi link the lacunae, which contain cell bodies, to other cells and to the outside world.
Learn more about canaliculi here:
https://brainly.com/question/1417679
#SPJ1
the chambers in the lower part of the heart , which pump blood to the rest of the body , are called ______
The chamber in the lower part of the heart, which pump blood to the rest of the body, are right ventricle and left ventricle.
what is the lower part of the heart ?
The lower two chambers are known as ventricles, and the upper two are known as atria (singular form: atrium) (singular: ventricle). The septa or septum, that are muscular walls, divide the heart into two sides. The right atrium and ventricle of the heart work together to pump oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
how many chambers are there in the heart ?
There are four chambers in the heart. left and right ventricle and left and right atria.
Learn more about the heart here:-
https://brainly.com/question/15455268
#SPJ1
What occurred in the red bacterial cell in generation 2? (click on the one correct answer.)
The mutation occurs in the red bacterial cell in generation 2.
An alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of an organism's, virus's, or extrachromosomal DNA is referred to as a mutation. DNA or RNA can be found in the viral genome.
Environmental elements known as mutagens are what trigger mutations. Radiation, chemicals, and pathogenic agents are examples of mutagens. Mutations may occur naturally spontaneously.
Red blood cells are impacted by thalassemia, a genetic blood condition. A change in the cell that produces hemoglobin is the cause of thalassemia. Anemia is brought on by the mutation's disruption of hemoglobin formation, which results in low hemoglobin levels and a rapid loss of red blood cells.
To know more about mutation refer to: https://brainly.com/question/17106056
#SPJ1
Which statement explains the pattern of daytime & nighttime that occurs every 24 hours on Earth?
(a) Earth's axis of rotation changes direction twice during this time
(b) The sun spins once on its axis during this time
(c) Earths North Pole rotates away from the sun twice during this time
(d) earth's spins once on its axis during this time
Earth's axis of rotation changes direction twice during this time explains the pattern of daytime & nighttime that occurs every 24 hours on Earth.
What about earth's axis?Every 365 days, the Earth revolves once around the sun, and every 24 hours, it rotates around its axis. Instead of the Earth orbiting the sun, day and night are caused by the planet rotating on its axis. One day encompasses both daytime and nighttime and is measured by how long it takes the Earth to complete one rotation around its axis.The Earth rotates on its axis more slowly than it does in relation to the Sun.Day and darkness are caused by the Earth's rotation, while the seasons are caused by its revolution. The tilt of the Earth's axis is what causes the seasons. The Northern Hemisphere is inclined toward the sun during the summer, allowing it to receive more direct sunlight.Learn more about earth's axis here:
https://brainly.com/question/10294427
#SPJ1
Why are dark green vegetables such as kale and spinach good sources of vitamin a?
dark green vegetables such as kale and spinach good sources of vitamin A because they are rich in beta-carotene, which is retinol's precursor. Free radicals are made more stable by antioxidants by giving their unstable atoms an electron.
Normal growth and development, the immune system, reproduction, and vision all depend on vitamin A. Your heart, lungs, and other organs function normally with the aid of vitamin A. Yellow, orange, and red fruits and vegetables are colored by carotenoids, which are pigments.Yellow, red, and green (leafy) vegetables including spinach, carrots, sweet potatoes, and red peppers are the main nutritional sources of beta-carotene. fruits that are yellow, like mango, papaya, and apricots.Carotenoids, which your body may convert into vitamin A, are abundant in spinach. C vitamin. This vitamin is a potent antioxidant that supports immune system and skin health.learn more about Vitamin A here: https://brainly.com/question/9179407
#SPJ4
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the insulin-mimetics, selenium and vanadium, in insulin-resistance in primary hepatocytes
In insulin-resistance in primary hepatocytesby treating the cells with glucosamine.
GlucosamineCartilage, the strong tissue that cushions joints, contains glucosamine, a natural substance. Glucosamine is either from shellfish or manufactured in a lab and sold as supplements. Among the different types of glucosamine are glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride, and N-acetyl glucosamine. There is no thought of substituting these nutrients. For the treatment of a painful disease brought on by the swelling, deterioration, and eventual loss of cartilage, people take glucosamine sulfate orally (osteoarthritis). Ensure that you select the appropriate type of glucosamine when contemplating it by carefully reading product labels. N-acetyl glucosamine is used to treat osteoarthritis, although there isn't enough clinical data to support this use. More studies are required to verify this.
Learn more about glucosamine here:
https://brainly.com/question/17403252
#SPJ4