Answer:C
Explanation: Source: Trust me bro,
In eastern gray squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant to the allele for gray fur (b). In a particular population of gray squirrels, 64% have black fur and 36% have gray fur. A researcher calculated the allelic frequencies to be B=0.4 and b=0.6. Five years later, the researcher returned to the location and determined the allelic frequencies within the squirrel population to be B=0.6B and b=0.4b.
Which of the following could best explain the increase in the frequency of the B allele in the population after five years?
The frequency of the B allele increased due to the selective pressures of the environment.
It is possible that the frequency of the B allele increased due to the selective pressures of the environment, but this cannot be determined definitively based on the given information alone.
In order to better understand the increase in the frequency of the B allele, additional information is needed. For example, if the population had experienced a change in environmental conditions that favored black-furred squirrels, such as a decrease in the amount of snow cover or an increase in the prevalence of predators that are less able to detect black fur, this could have led to an increase in the frequency of the B allele over time.
Alternatively, the increase in frequency of the B allele could be due to genetic drift, which is the random fluctuation of allele frequencies in a population over time. It is possible that chance events, such as the deaths of a larger number of gray-furred individuals, could have resulted in an increase in the frequency of the B allele.
In conclusion, while it is possible that the increase in the frequency of the B allele was due to selective pressures of the environment, additional information is needed to definitively determine the cause.
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give examples of at least two well-known microorganisms (bacteria) of clinical importance that have become antibiotic resistant and of health concern.
Two examples of well-known microorganisms (bacteria) of clinical importance that have become antibiotic resistant and of health concern are Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
Most resistant to methicillin Skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, sometimes known as MRSA, are acquired outside of a hospital. MRSA can cause pneumonia, as well as potentially fatal bloodstream and surgical site infections, in hospitals. One of the most prevalent bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics is MRSA.
Some infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae that are resistant to other antibiotics are treated with the drug carbapenem. However, the bacteria might become resistant to carbapenem. If this occurs, the bacteria are referred to as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
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the major function of a leaf is . transport food made via photosynthesis and other organic molecules from the leaves down to the rest of the plant to carry out photosynthesis to transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant to anchor plant in the soil
The key function of the leaf is to carry out photosynthesis and provide food to the plant.
The correct option is option b.
Leaves are the major part of the plants which are found attached to the stem. They are also sometimes known as the kitchen of the plant as they are responsible for producing food. The main function of the leaves is to produce food for all the parts of the plant through the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is the substance which gives plants their green color and also absorbs the light energy.
The internal structure of the leaf is basically protected with the help of the leaf epidermis, which is basically continuous with the stem epidermis. The leaf also contains stomata which are used for the exchange of gases.
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In guinea pigs, rough coat (R) is dominant over smooth coat (r). A rough-coated guinea pig is bred to a smooth coated one, yielding seven rough and six smooth progeny on the F1 generation.a) What are the genotypes of the parents and the offspring?b) If one of the rough-coated F1 animals is mated back to its rough-coated parent, what progeny would you expect?
a)We can use Punnett squares to determine the genotypes of the parents and offspring: Let's represent rough coat (R) as dominant and smooth coat (r) as recessive.
The rough-coated parent must be RR, as it is homozygous dominant. The smooth-coated parent must be rr, as it is homozygous recessive.
Rough-coated parent (RR) x smooth-coated parent (rr):
R R
r |Rr Rr
r |Rr Rr
All of the F1 progeny are heterozygous for rough coat (Rr).
b) If one of the rough-coated F1 animals is mated back to its rough-coated parent (RR), the Punnett square would be:
Rough-coated F1 (Rr) x rough-coated parent (RR):
R R
R |RR RR
r |Rr Rr
We expect to see a 1:1 ratio of rough-coated (RR and Rr) and smooth-coated (rr) offspring in this cross. Therefore, we would expect half of the offspring to have rough coats (Rr) and half to have smooth coats (rr).
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which of the following statements about water is true? view available hint(s)for part a which of the following statements about water is true? water is not a good temperature buffer, because there is no hydrogen bonding between water molecules.
Option 3 is Correct. If the facts regarding water are correct, then water plays a significant part in the process of dehydration. Water becomes "hard" when calcium and magnesium salts, such as chloride, and sulfate, are present.
In the condensed phase, intermolecular hydrogen bonds rather than intramolecular hydrogen bonds exist in water. Wells and springs are sources of underground water. Rivers, lakes, ponds, oceans, and streams are examples of surface water sources.
Energy is not released by water. Every cell in the body benefits from it and remains healthy. Food and bodily waste are transported via it. Even when blazing hot, beryllium does not react with water; in fact, because it has a lower oxidation potential than the other components, its protective oxide film endures even at high temperatures.
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Correct Question:
Which of the following statements about water is true?
View Available Hint(s)
1. Water is an organic molecule.
2. Water is not a good temperature buffer, because there is no hydrogen bonding between water molecules.
3. Water plays an important role in dehydration synthesis.
4. Water is typically a nonpolar solvent.
put the following mechanisms for acid-base balance in order of their speed of action fastest to slowest.
1. respiratory system
2. Renal system
3. Chemical buffer system
In order of fastest to slowest, the chemical buffer system, respiratory system, and renal system.
When little amounts of an acid or a base are introduced, a chemical buffer system prevents the pH of the solution from changing. Weak acids and their salts or weak bases and their salts make up this substance, which aids in preserving a steady pH level in the body. In order to provide the body with oxygen and expel carbon dioxide, a network of organs and tissues is called the respiratory system. The diaphragm, bronchi, lungs, larynx, nose, mouth, and throat are all included in it. The urinary system, which is another name for the renal system, is in charge of filtering and getting rid of waste from the body. The urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys are all part of it.
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What level of classification do 2 organisms have to be in order to be able to reproduce successfully
Each category in biological taxonomy, or each rung in the hierarchy, is referred to as a taxon by scientists. The most basic taxon is the species, which is a group of genetically identical organisms that have the ability to reproduce by mating and having offspring.
What are the two main classification groups?artificial dividing up It is predicated on one or more discernible traits.
classification found in nature: Taxonomic features such as morphological, biochemical, cytological, and physiological properties are the foundation of this system.
Classification is necessary in order to conveniently examine living things. Understanding the many kinds of creatures is essential. It makes it easier to correctly identify various species. It is helpful to comprehend the background and evolution of organisms.
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Which is MOST difficult to collect from a decomposing body?
eggs
pupa
maggots
larva
Answer:
I would say it is Eggs or pupa.
Explanation:
Hope it helps, sorry I cannot give a clearer answer. Sorry if i am wrong.
a mechanism in which two substances move in opposite directions across the cell membrane is called_______________.
a. uniport
b. antiport
c. symport
d. diffusive port
Option b is Correct. Antiport is a process by which two substances pass a cell membrane in opposition to one another.
The secondary active transport of two or more distinct molecules or ions across a phospholipid membrane, such as the plasma membrane, in opposite directions, one into and one out of the cell, is carried out by antiporters, which are cotransporters and integral membrane proteins.
a). Uniport: The movement of a single molecule across a membrane by a transporter protein is referred to as uniport. (b) Antiport: This is the movement of two sorts of molecules in the opposing directions from one another. (c) Symport: Symport occurs when both types of molecules travel in the same direction.
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Consider the following cross: AaBbCcDdEe X AaBbCcDdEe. How many different phenotypes would you expect in the offspring from this cross? Number of phenotypes =
32 Number of phenotypes can be obtain from the cross AaBbCcDdEe X AaBbCcDdEe. It is the homozygous cross.
There are 32 potential gametes that can be created from each parent if each gene locus segregates independently and there is no interaction between the various gene loci, which is assumed to be the case (A or a, B or b, C or c, D or d, and E or e).
There are 32 x 32 = 1,024 genetic combinations that could be created when these gametes join to create the baby. Nevertheless, depending on whether the genes are dominant or recessive, several of these genotypes will result in the same phenotype.
There are 25 = 32 potential phenotypes in the children if each gene locus exhibits a straightforward dominant-recessive pattern, with some phenotypes being more prevalent than others depending on the dominance relationships between the genes.
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In the diagram below, strains 1, 2, and 3 of the same species each contain known deletions that span different regions of the indicated chromosome. Suppose a new recessive mutation shows pseudodominance only when crossed into strains 1 and 2A B C D E #1 #2#3 Where is the new mutation located?O region B O region D O region C O region A O region E
The location of the new deletion mutation is in the D region.
A deletion is a mutation known as partial monosomy. This case occurs when there are wasted or deleted chromosomes.
Because it is a deletion mutation which means it leads to the deletion of some parts of the genome. The new recessive mutation showed pseudo-dominance when it was crossed to strains 1 and 2.
This crossing is only possible if the deletion mutation is located in region D. If it is not present in region D. then there will be no crossover between strain 1 and strain 2.
So, the correct answer is region D.
Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was in the picture.
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One of the major breakthroughs in understanding the mechanisms of evolutionary change came with the realization that evolution
A. takes place only within individuals.
B. was one minor way that populations change over time.
C. takes place at the level of populations, not within individuals.
D. was just a "theory" and therefore conjecture.
According to given information answer is takes place at the level of populations, not within individuals.
Which four main mechanisms underlie evolution?The understanding that evolution A. exclusively occurs within individuals led to the development of evolutionary change mechanisms. B. was merely a modest example of how populations shift through time. C. occurs at the population level rather than the individual level. D. was merely a "theory" and so an assumption.
Violations of certain Hardy-Weinberg assumptions are consistent with evolutionary mechanisms. They are: natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, limited population size, and mutation.
Which are the mechanisms underlying evolution?A population, or a collection of interdependent animals of a specific organism, can display a variation of heterozygosity from one generations to the next through four main methods. These include natural selection, genetic drift, and mutation as forms of evolution.
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with the emergence of biotechnology companies, it was feared that they would impose silence about the proprietary results on their in-house researchers and academic consultants. this constraint, in turn, would slow the development of biological science and engineering. which of the following would most weaken this prediction of secrecy?A. Biotechnological research funded by industry has reached some conclusions that are of major scientific importance.
B. When the results of scientific research are kept secret, independent researchers are unable to build on those results.
C. Since the research priorities of biotechnology companies are not the same as those of academic institutions, the financial support of research by such companies distorts the research agenda.
D. To enhance the companies' standing in the scientific community, the biotechnology companies encourage employees to publish their results, especially results that are important.
E. Biotechnology companies devote some of their research resources to problems that are of fundamental scientific importance and that are not expected to produce immediate practical applications.
Option D, which states that biotechnology companies encourage employees to publish their results, especially important results, weakens this prediction of secrecy.
The statement that biotechnology companies would impose silence about proprietary results on their in-house researchers and academic consultants implies that they would not share their research findings with the broader scientific community. Option D, which states that biotechnology companies encourage employees to publish their results, especially important results, weakens this prediction of secrecy. This suggests that the biotechnology companies are not seeking to keep their research results secret but rather to enhance their standing in the scientific community. By encouraging employees to publish their results, the companies are sharing their findings and allowing other researchers to build on them, thereby advancing biological science and engineering. Therefore, option D most weakens the prediction of secrecy.
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identify the location of the following arteries. 1 pts femoral artery internal iliac artery [l/r] common iliac arteries popliteal artery posterior tibial artery external iliac artery anterior tibial artery femoral artery internal iliac artery [l/r] common iliac arteries popliteal artery posterior tibial artery external iliac artery anterior tibial artery
Sure, here are the locations of the arteries you listed: Femoral artery, Internal iliac artery, Common iliac arteries, Popliteal artery, Posterior tibial artery, External iliac artery and Anterior tibial artery.
What is artery?An artery is a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues and organs. Arteries are a vital component of the circulatory system, which is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body. Arteries are thick-walled and have a muscular and elastic structure, allowing them to withstand the high pressure of blood pumped by the heart. As they branch out from the heart, they become smaller and eventually divide into smaller vessels called arterioles, which then lead to even smaller capillaries where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with the body's tissues.
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which of the following are advantages of using a species diversity index when analyzing a community?
By using a species diversity index when analyzing a community, we can determine the overall number of species in the area is taken into consideration. It also takes into account the relative abundance of each species.
The following are advantages of using a species diversity index when analyzing a community:
Provides a measure of the number of species: A species diversity index provides a quantifiable measure of the number of different species present in a community. This can be useful in comparing different communities and tracking changes in species richness over time.
Incorporates both richness and evenness: A species diversity index takes into account both species richness (the number of different species) and species evenness (the relative abundance of each species). This provides a more comprehensive measure of community structure than simply counting the number of species.
Reflects ecological stability: A more diverse community is often considered to be more stable than a less diverse one, as it is better able to resist disturbances and maintain ecological function. A species diversity index can thus provide insights into the stability of a community.
Identifies areas of conservation concern: Areas with high species diversity may be of particular conservation concern, as they often represent unique ecosystems with high levels of endemism (i.e. species found nowhere else).
Useful for management and planning: A species diversity index can be used to inform management and planning decisions, such as identifying areas for protection, monitoring changes in biodiversity over time, and setting conservation goals.
Overall, using a species diversity index can provide a more nuanced and informative view of the structure and function of a community, and can be useful for a range of ecological and conservation applications.
which of the following are advantages of using a species diversity index when analyzing a community?
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The complete question is:
Which of the following are advantages of using a species diversity index when analyzing a community?
A) The overall number of species in the area is taken into consideration.
B) It takes into account the relative abundance of each species.
C) In hot, humid climates with high rates of evapotranspiration.
D) Compared to trees in smaller regions, trees in larger areas support a greater variety of insect species.
Match each Body to its best description
We have to match each body of the life cycle of a star to its best description.
What is the life cycle of a star?A smaller star, like the Sun, will slowly cool and eventually go out of existence. It will go through the planetary nebula phase and the white dwarf phase during these modifications. It will stop glowing after countless millions of years and change into a black dwarf. The death of a big star is significantly more violent and explosive.
Black hole: One of the densest objects in the universe.
Red giant: A very large star.
White dwarf: An old, very dense, hot star that is cooling.
Nebula: A mass of gas and dust.
Thus, these are the correct matching options.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the full question is this:
Match each body to its best description:
A. black hole, a very large star
B. red giant, an old, very dense, hot star that is cooling
C. white dwarf, a mass of gas and dust
D. nebula, one of the most dense objects in the universe
FILL IN THE BLANK. The following lists the levels of biological organization in order from smallest to largest. Fill in the missing components: Atom, Molecule, Organelle, _______, Tissue, _______, Organ system.
The levels of biological organization in order from smallest to largest: Atom, Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system.
What are the levels of biological organization?Organization in a biological sense refers to hierarchy of complex biological systems and structures and biological organizations can explain life by using reductionist approach. This biological hierarchy starts from smallest level, atom and extends to higher level, that is the biosphere.
The hierarchy of complex biological structures and systems that define life using reductionistic approach is biological organization. The traditional hierarchy extends from atoms to biospheres.
Levels of organization are structures in nature that are defined by part-whole relationships with things at higher levels being composed of things at next lower level.
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Which of the following shared characteristics of living birds and theropod dinosaurs provided support to the hypothesis that birds evolved from dinosaurs?
- Birds and many theropods have a wishbone (or furcula)
-Birds and theropods have hollow bones that are strong, but light
-Birds and theropods have S-shaped necks
-Birds and many theropods have feathers.
All of the traits listed supported the theory that birds originated from dinosaurs.
The presence of feathers in birds and many theropod dinosaurs, however, is perhaps the most significant feature, indicating a close evolutionary link between the two species.
Feathers are a distinctive trait of birds that are not present in any other animal group. However, feathers have been discovered in some theropod dinosaur species, notably Velociraptor and Archaeopteryx, which are thought to be close cousins of birds. This shows that feathers developed in a shared ancestor of birds and theropod dinosaurs, from which birds arose.
The presence of feathers in both birds and theropod dinosaurs shows that they may have shared other flight-related traits, such as lightweight bones and specialised muscles. Furthermore, the existence of feathers in theropod dinosaurs supports the theory that certain dinosaurs, like birds, were warm-blooded rather than cold-blooded like other reptiles.
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which statement correctly describes the relationship between genotypes, phenotypes, and natural selection? group of answer choices A. natural selection acts on genotypes, B. which are determined in part by an individual's underlying phenotype natural selection acts on phenotypes, C. which are determined in part by an individual's underlying genotype natural selection D. acts simultaneously on genotypes and phenotypes natural E. selection acts only on genotypes regardless of phenotype
The sentence that accurately sums up how genes, phenotypes, and natural selection interact is:
B. Natural selection acts on phenotypes, which are determined in part by an individual's underlying genotype.
Natural selection refers to the process through which specific heritable characteristics gradually increase in frequency or decrease in frequency in a population. Phenotypes, which are an individual's observable physical or behavioral features, are determined by genotypes, which are an individual's genetic makeup. Natural selection impacts an individual's phenotype rather than genotype because phenotype combines with the surroundings and influences an organism's ability to survive and reproduce. The phenotypes that natural selection effects are those that are partly influenced by an individual's basic genotype, making this the most accurate description.
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Select all of the following organs that are a part of the digestive system.
-Uterus
-Esophagus
-Large intestine
-Pancreas
-Kidneys
-Liver
Answer:
Esophagus, Large intestine, Pancreas and Liver
Explanation:
ez
Answer:
Esophagus
-Large intestine
-Pancreas
-Kidneys
-Liver
Explanation:
The uterus is not part of the system
Tour of a Plant Cell: Structures and Functions (BioFlix tutorial)
Part A - Comparing plant cells and animal cells
Plant cells and animal cells share many of the same structures, but each type of cell also has unique structures. In this activity, you will indicate which cell structures are found only in plant cells, only in animal cells, or in both plant and animal cells.
Drag each cell structure to the appropriate bin. If a structure is found in both plant cells and animal cells, drag it to the "both" bin.
In plant cells, you can find the cell wall, a large central vacuole, and plastids like chloroplasts. The cell is a substantial, rigid covering that encloses and physically supports the cell.
What are the three kinds of plant cell and what function do they do?Cells with big central vacuoles, cellulose-containing cell walls, and plastids such chloroplasts and chromoplasts are all present in plants. Parenchymal, collenchymal, or sclerenchymal cells are three different types or plant cells. The structure and function of the three categories vary.
What 12 organelles are present in a bacterial cell?The following key organelles and cellular components can be found in the cytoplasm: nucleolus, nucleus, ribosome, vesicle, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, vacuole, cytosol, lysosome, centriole, and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
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what is the relationship between photosynthesis respiration and heat
Answer:
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are direct opposite reactions. Energy from the sun enters a plant and is converted into glucose during photosynthesis. Some of the energy is used to make ATP in the mitochondria during cellular respiration, and some is lost to the environment as heat.
Explanation:
place the descriptions into the correct boxes to test your understanding of how errors would affect the gram stain result.
The many factors that can influence this stain include the age of the culture, the quantity and timing of the decolorizer, the type of organism (acid-fast bacteria and spores do not stain well), the thickness of the smear, and the Stainer's general maintenance.
What errors would affect the gram stain?Gram stain results can be negatively impacted by improper specimen collecting, improper specimen processing, improper smear preparation, and previous antibiotic therapy.
Because you skipped the crystal violet step, neglected to add the gram's iodine, or applied the decolorizer for an excessive amount of time, gram-positive organisms can stain wrongly pink.
therefore, you may not see gram-negative organisms because you neglected to administer safranin.
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which of the following is not a neurotransmitter? a. testosterone b. serotonin c. dopamine d. glutamate
The following is not a neurotransmitter, that is : a. testosterone.
What is meant by a neurotransmitter?Chemical messengers that your body can't function without is called neurotransmitters. Their job is to carry chemical signals from one neuron to the next target cell. Next target cell can be another nerve cell, a muscle cell or gland.
Neurotransmitters are divided into two major classes based on size called small-molecule neurotransmitters or neuropeptides. Neurotransmitter can be said as a signaling molecule secreted by the neuron to affect another cell across the synapse. Cell receiving the signal, any main body part/ target cell, may be another neuron, but could also be gland.
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Describe transcription.
Answer:
Translation is the process of changing information contained in nucleic acids into amino acids. It also pertains to the manner in which proteins are made from mRNA templates. The nucleotide sequence on the RNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins during the translation process.
Explanation:
match the definition to the word. 1. of the heart and blood vessels pursue 2. any of a number of sides or aspects facet 3. a little world microcosm 4. to proceed along on a specific course of action cardiovascular
The definition of the word is as follows:
Of the heart and blood vessels - cardiovascularAny of a number of sides or aspects - facetA little world - microcosmTo proceed along on a specific course of action - pursueCardiovascular: Heart and blood vessel-related. The heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries pump blood and oxygen throughout the body.
Facet: Any of something's sides or aspects. In medicine, "facets" are the spine's smooth, flexible surfaces. "Facet" may mean multiple features of a subject in other domains.
Microcosm: A little world that represents a bigger system. Science uses microcosms to imitate natural or experimental circumstances.
The act of moving along a predetermined course of action or the act of following a predetermined goal or target is referred to as the pursuit of that action.
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vitamin k group of answer choices is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin. is a clotting factor. requires intrinsic factor to be absorbed. is used to make hemoglobin.
Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin, a clotting factor.
Prothrombin is a protein that is involved in the coagulation, or clotting, of blood. It is produced in the liver and requires vitamin K for its synthesis. Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a key role in blood clotting by helping to activate several proteins involved in the coagulation process. While vitamin K is important for blood clotting, it is not used to make hemoglobin, which is the protein in red blood cells that carries Prothrombin oxygen. Additionally, vitamin B12, not vitamin K, requires intrinsic factor to be absorbed.
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The complete Question is:
Vitamin K A. is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin. B. is used to make hemoglobin. C. requires intrinsic factor to be absorbed. D. is a clotting factor. E. is all of the above.
in fruit flies, wild eye is dominant over sepia eye. wild wing is dominant over rough wing. using the electronic fly colony you select the following parental cross: sepia, wild male x wild, rough female
Genotype in drosophila parental cross:
AABB male x aabb femaleAaBb male x aabb femaleThe genotype is the specific arrangement of genes that are passed on from parents to their children. genotype is a genetic trait that cannot be observed and is symbolized by letters.
The genotype can be either homozygous or heterozygous.
Homozygous, when individuals have the same allele pair. For example, AA, aa.Heterozygous, when an individual has a different pair of alleles. Example Aa, Bb.Genotype in drosophila:
Wild eye (A)Sepia eyes (a)Wild wing (B)Coarse wing (b)So,
Wild Eyes, Male Wild Wings x Sepia Eyes, Female Rough Wings:
The possible genotypes of the parents used in this cross are:
AABB male x aabb femaleAaBb male x aabb femaleYour question is incomplete but most probably your full question was:
In Drosophila, Wild Eye (A) is dominant over Sepia Eye (a) while Wild Wing (B) is dominant over Rough Wing (b). In your exercise using the Electronic Fly Colony, you select the following Parental PHENOTYPIC cross: Wild eye, Wild wing Male x Sepia eye, Rough wing Female. What would be the GENOTYPES of the parents used in this cross?
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In which 2 organs is food broken down
The mouth and stomach break down food mechanically in the body.
What is Digestion?Digestion is defined as the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into smaller water soluble food molecules that they can absorb into the watery blood plasma. These small substances are absorbed into the bloodstream through the small intestine.
The food contains three macronutrients which require digestion before they can be absorbed such as fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Mouth and stomach break down the food with the help of several enzymes.
Thus, the mouth and stomach break down food mechanically in the body.
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Peptone
refers to a hydrolysate of carbohydrates used in growth media.
refers to a hydrolysate of proteins used in growth media.
consists of a water extract of beef.
consists of a mix of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides.
refers to a hydrolysate of proteins used in growth media AND consists of a water extract of beef.
Peptone refers to a hydrolysate of proteins used in growth media AND consists of a water extract of beef.
Peptones are commonly used in microbiology and biotechnology as a source of nutrients for the growth of microorganisms. They are obtained by the partial hydrolysis of proteins from various sources, such as animal tissues, milk, and soybeans. The hydrolysis breaks down the proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids that can be readily utilized by microorganisms. Peptones are a complex mixture of amino acids, peptides, and other nitrogenous compounds. They provide a source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy for the growth of microorganisms. Peptones from different sources may have varying compositions and nutritional profiles, making them suitable for different types of microorganisms and growth conditions.
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