What happens at the level of the protein for individuals with the three different combinations of alleles is referred to as mutation.
What is Mutation?This is referred to as an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.
In a normal protein level, each individual inherits only two of them from their parents but in some scenarios there is three different combinations of alleles which is as a result of mutation which occurred during reproductive processes thereby making it the correct choice.
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The expression of a particular gene, and thus the resulting protein, can be influenced by different combinations of alleles. The three main combinations of alleles are:
homozygous dominantheterozygous homozygous recessive.What is alleles?This refers to one of two or more DNA sequences occurring at a particular gene locus.
The three different combinations of alleles:
Homozygous Dominant: If an individual has two copies of the dominant allele, they will express the dominant phenotype and produce the dominant protein. In this case, the individual will have 100% of the dominant protein.Heterozygous: If an individual has one dominant and one recessive allele, they will express the dominant phenotype and produce both dominant and recessive proteins. The proportion of each protein will depend on the specific gene and the dominance hierarchy of the alleles.Homozygous Recessive: If an individual has two copies of the recessive allele, they will express the recessive phenotype and produce only the recessive protein. In this case, the individual will have 100% of the recessive protein.Note: Not all genes have a simple dominant-recessive relationship, and the expression of a gene can also be influenced by environmental factors, epigenetics, and other complex mechanisms.
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The initial reward center discovered by Olds and Milner was located in the a. hippocampus. b. brainstem. c. hypothalamus. d. spinal cord.
The initial reward center discovered by Olds and Milner was basically located in the 'hypothalamus'.
What exactly do you mean by hypothalamus?
The hypothalamus is a small region in the brain that serves as the control center for many vital functions, such as appetite, sleep, body temperature, and emotions. It is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate and coordinate these functions, as well as the autonomic nervous system. The hypothalamus is also involved in the regulation of stress levels and the body's response to it.
The reward center discovered by Olds and Milner is located in the hypothalamus, a small region of the brain located just below the thalamus. It is believed to be the primary region in the brain responsible for regulating emotions, appetite, and reward-seeking behavior. This region is believed to be the source of the rewarding sensation that Olds and Milner discovered when they stimulated it with electrical current.
Hence, option C is correct.
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What is the impulse that earth exerts on it during the first 0. 50 s of its fall?.
Since the impulse is equal to the change in momentum, the impulse that the Earth exerts on the object during the first 0.50 s of its fall is also 4.9 N s (newton seconds).
To calculate the impulse that the Earth exerts on an object during its fall, we can use the impulse-momentum theorem, which states that the impulse on an object is equal to the change in its momentum. The momentum of an object is given by the product of its mass and velocity.
Let's assume that the object has a mass of 1 kg and is falling freely due to gravity. The acceleration due to gravity near the Earth's surface is approximately 9.8 m/s^2.
During the first 0.50 s of the object's fall, its velocity increases from 0 m/s to (9.8 m/s^2) x (0.50 s) = 4.9 m/s.
Therefore, the initial momentum of the object is (1 kg) x (0 m/s) = 0 kg m/s, and its final momentum is (1 kg) x (4.9 m/s) = 4.9 kg m/s.
The change in momentum is (4.9 kg m/s) - (0 kg m/s) = 4.9 kg m/s.
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In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments migrate toward the negative pole of the electric field. true or false
In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments migrate toward the negative pole of the electric field. Hence, the statement is True.
Gel electrophoresis is a scientific method for dividing molecules according to their charge and size. In this method, a gel matrix containing the desired material is subjected to an electric current. The size variety of the molecules to be separated determines whether the gel matrix should be constructed of polyacrylamide or agarose.DNA fragments are charged negatively in gel electrophoresis because of the negative phosphate groups in its backbone. As a result, when the gel is subjected to an electric current, the DNA fragments move in the direction of the positive electric field pole.
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What is the physical basis of the phototropic response?
The correct answer is cell elongation.The phototropic response is induced grow of the plant by the light stimulus. This process is called phototropism.
What causes cells to lengthen?Because the majority of cell elongation occurs after cell division has halted, most effects on proliferation factors and cell expansion factors are spaced out in time.Auxin is one signal that regulates both cell elongation and proliferation.
What is the cell elongation phase?These cells enlarge in the region for elongation as a result of the vacuole growing inside the cell.Cell enlargement and the formation of new cell walls take place in the cells that belong to the amplitude and phase.In this region, the cells change, developing larger vacuoles among other changes.
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How does attention work neuroscience?
In neuroscience, attention works as the cognitive process by which an individual selectively focuses on certain aspects of the environment while ignoring others.
The study of attention involves multiple brain areas and networks, and there is still much to learn about how attention works in the brain. However, some general principles have been established.
The brain areas that are involved in attention include the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in planning and decision-making; the parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial processing and attentional control; and the thalamus, which relays sensory information to the cortex. There are also subcortical areas, such as the superior colliculus and the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, that are involved in the control of attention.
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(complete question)
How does attention work in neuroscience?
what name the three layers of the heart wall, and indicate the layer that is also called the visceral pericardium?A. EpicardiumB. MyocardiumC.Endocardium
The heart wall is made up of three layers of tissue. The epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium are the heart wall's three outer, middle, and inner layers, respectively.
What are the heart's three layers, and what layer is also known as the visceral pericardium?The outermost layer pericardium, middle temporal pericardium, and inner epicardium (sometimes known as the visceral pericardium) are the three membrane layers that make up the pericardium, which surrounds the outside of the heart.
What are the heart wall's three principal layers?There are three layers that make up the heart's wall: the epicardium, myocardium, or endocardium. In terms of embryology, the multiple levels of blood arteries and the two rows of the brain are analogous.
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true or false statement, mitotic cell division is never used by organisms as a means of reproduction.
It is true how no living entity has ever reproduced through mitotic cell division.
Do creatures never reproduce by mitotic cell division?Organisms never ever use mitotic division division for reproduction. The karyotype of a typical male person would contain 23 homologous chromosomes. If a cell has packaging of DNA in G2, it will then contain 40 pieces of histone in S.
Does mitotic cell division aid in reproduction?Some species use mitotic cell division to procreate or create new creatures. For instance, single-celled eukaryotic organisms like amoebas reproduce through the process of mitosis. A single-celled organism eventually splits in two as it grows.
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____or sensory neurons are those that convey information from receptors in the periphery of the body to the brain and spinal cord.
Afferent neurons, also known as sensory neurons, are responsible for transmitting data from receptors on the body's periphery to the brain and spinal cord.
Do motor neurons send data to the central nervous system from peripheral receptors?
Efferent neurons, also referred to as motor neurons, transmit information from the central nervous system (CNS) to muscles and other peripheral systems like organs and glands. Afferent neurons, known as sensory neurons, on the other hand, send data from sensory organs and tissues back to the central nervous system (CNS).
Which sensory neurons provide data to the brain and spinal cord from peripheral body receptors?Efferent neurons transmit motor information out from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands of the body, whereas afferent neurons carry information from sensory receptors of the skin and other organs to the central nervous system.
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exons are parts of genes that code for specific proteins. true or false ?
exons are parts of genes that code for specific proteins is false the true is Some exons are coding, in that they contain information for making a protein, whereas others are non-coding.
What are the 4 types of proteins?The four levels of protein structure are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. It is helpful to understand the nature and function of each level of protein structure in order to fully understand how a protein works. By Tracy Kovach.
What are two types of protein?Protein can be categorized into two types: complete and incomplete proteins. Proteins are made up of smaller units, called amino acids. Complete proteins contain all of the amino acids your body needs and include meat, fish, poultry, dairy, and soy products.
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What is the term to describe a fish at the post larval stage?
Beginning when the morphological transition from larva to juvenile, or when the larva acquires the characteristics of a usable fish, is known as the juvenile stage.
Fish eggs and larvae that cannot actively swim against currents are known as ichthyoplankton. Ichthyoplankton are remarkable because of how different they are from adults in appearance due to the difficulties of being so small and at sea.
As they grow into adults, fry go through numerous further developmental phases, which vary depending on the species. Throughout their first few months, young fish are typically referred to as fry (during their first few months to just less than one year in some species).
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if the nitrogen-fixing bacteria were destroyed by a virus, the most likely result would be
The most likely outcome would be a reduction in the amount of nitrogen compounds that organisms could access if the nitrogen-fixing bacteria were eliminated by a virus.
Plants and animals wouldn't get the nitrogen molecules they require to perform specific tasks if all nitrogen-fixing bacteria vanished. Without this crucial source of nitrogen, plants would likely become sick and die, which would result in decreases in animal numbers.
The nitrogen cycle would not be kept in balance without decomposers and other kinds of bacteria. Plants would most likely disappear, and the food chain would break down. Certain soil bacteria and fungi, which operate as the decomposers, break down the proteins in dead animals and other organic matter to release ammonium ions, which can then be used to make other nitrogen compounds.
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A male fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) with red eyes and long wings was mated with a female with purple eyes and vestigial wings. All of the offspring in the F1 generation had red eyes and long wings. These F1 flies were test crossed with purple-eyed, vestigial-winged flies. Their offspring, the F2 generation, appeared as indicated below.
If in the F1 and F2 generations the same characteristics appeared in both males and females, it would be safe to assume that these traits for eye color and wing length are...
Pilihan jawaban
are sex-linked
are sex-influenced characteristics
are autosomal characteristics
follow the Mendelian rule of independent assortment
On same chromosome come the genes for wing shape and eye colour.
the fruit fly's genes for wing size and eye colour On the fly's X chromosome is where Drosophila melanogaster can be found. Chromosome 15 has a specific area that is important for determining eye colour. OCA2 and HERC2 are two genes within this area that are situated quite close to one another. Linked genes are those that reside on the same chromosome. Linkage explains why some traits are typically passed down in families. The mutant variants of the wild type features red eyes and straight wings are purple eye (pr), arc bent wing (a), and vestigial wings (vg).
(A male fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) with red eyes and long wings was mated with a female with purple
eyes and vestigial wings. All of the offsprings in the F1 generation had red eyes and long wings. These F1
flies were test crossed with purple eyed, vestigial winged flies. Their offspring, the F2 generation, appeared
as indicated below.
125
124
18
red eyes, long wings
purple eyes, vestigial wings
purple eyes, long wings
red eyes, vestigial wings
Total
16
283
If in the F1 and F2 generations the same characteristics appeared in both male and females, it would be safe
to assume that these traits for eye color and wing length
a. are sex-linked.
b. vary in dominance according to sex.
c. are sex-influenced characteristics.
d. follow the Mendelian rule of independent assortment.)
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a biological membrane is a bilayer that contains lipids with
Biological membranes are composed of amphipathic lipid molecules, with phospholipids being the most numerous.
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane (PM), cytoplasmic membrane, or plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of all cells from the outside world (the extracellular space).
The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer composed of two layers of phospholipids with cholesterols (a lipid component) interspersed between them, which maintains adequate membrane fluidity at different temperatures.
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In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments migrate toward the negative pole of the electric field.
true/false? Explain.
The statement about the gel electrophoresis, DNА frаgments migrаte towаrd the negаtive pole of the electric field is true because since frаgments of double-strаnded DNА аre negаtively chаrged becаuse of the ionized phosphаte groups аlong the bаckbone, the molecules move towаrd the positive pole of the electric field.
Thus, the given statement is true.
What is gel electrophoresis?Gel electrophoresis is а technique used to sepаrаte DNА frаgments аccording to their size. DNА sаmples аre loаded into wells (indentаtions) аt one end of а gel, аnd аn electric current is аpplied to pull them through the gel. DNА frаgments аre negаtively chаrged, so they move towаrds the positive electrode. Becаuse аll DNА frаgments hаve the sаme аmount of chаrge per mаss, smаll frаgments move through the gel fаster thаn lаrge ones.
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What is the name formula for manganese II chloride?
As the dichloride salt for any type of manganese, MnCl₂, manganese(II) chloride is a substance. Manganese also has a variety of common oxidation states, like other transition metals.
The substance that is the most stable, +2, appears in aqueous solutions as a light pink tint. Organomanganese reagents in organic chemistry are synthesized from manganese chloride. In order to make dry cell batteries, manganese chloride is primarily used.
These substances can coexist if they have a lower oxidation number and cannot be reduced by one another. In light of the fact that Sn2+ cannot decrease Fe2+, FeCl2 and SnCl2 can coexist. The lungs, liver, and kidneys all suffer harm from prolonged exposure. Another neurological disorder called manganism can result from exposure to manganese dust or fumes.
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Question:
The cell organelle that packages material for secretion to the outside of the cell is
a. golgi apparatus
b. lysosome
c. peroxisome
d. mitochondrion
Cell Organelles:
The human body is composed of trillions of cells having different shapes, sizes, structures, and functions. Each cell contains highly organized structures that perform various types of specialized functions within the cell. These highly organized and specialized structures are called cell organelles.
Option a is Correct. The golgi apparatus is the cell organelle that contains material intended for secretion outside of the cell.
A cell organelle called the Golgi apparatus modifies, and distributes proteins and lipids made on the rough ER (i.e., endoplasmic reticulum).
Different chemicals are processed, sorted, and packaged by the Golgi apparatus for either internal or external usage by the cell. The Golgi apparatus, which is positioned near to the cell's nucleus, alters proteins that have been transported from the RER in transport vesicles.
Exocystosis is a membrane transport mechanism that expels cellular contents from the cell. In this location, a transport vesicle from the Golgi or another area of the cell combines with the plasma membrane to release its contents.
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Correct Question:
The cell organelle that packages material for secretion to the outside of the cell is called as :
a. golgi apparatus
b. lysosome
c. peroxisome
d. mitochondrion
the alleles that an individual inherits for a given gene make up the individuals genotype
Phenotype is the term used to describe how an organism expresses its genotype. Even when just one dominant allele is inherited, the phenotype will always show the expression of the dominant allele. Only when two recessive alleles are inherited does a recessive allele manifest itself in the phenotype.
The portion of a chromosome known as a gene codes for a certain protein. The locus of a gene is that location on a chromosome. Alleles are various variations of a given gene. Homologous chromosomes are paired chromosomes of the same type. They share the same genes at the same loci, and they are the same size and shape.
A heterozygote is a person with two different alleles, while a homozygote is an organism with two copies of the same allele.
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what is a substance produced in the liver, but stored and secreted by the gallbladder.?
The substance produced in the liver, but stored and secreted by the gallbladder is called bile.
The digestion and absorption of dietary lipids will depends upon bile, a greenish-yellow fluid. In addition to other things, it is comprised of water, bile acids, cholesterol, and bilirubin.
The gallbladder contracts as food enter the small intestine, releasing bile into the duodenum through the common bile duct, where it aids in emulsifying lipids and makes it easier for them to be absorbe into the bloodstream.
Without bile, the body may find it challenging to process and assimilate dietary fats, which will be the significant source of energy and imperative unsaturated fats.
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Which is the most accurate and reliable means of taking body temperature?
A. oral
B. aural or tympanic
C. axillary
D. rectal
The most precise and trustworthy method for measuring body temperature is rectal.
How can you take your oral temperature in the most precise way?The most reliable indicator of the body's temperature is a person's rectal temperature. Temperature measurements in the mouth and axilla range from 1/2 to 1°F. Your tongue should be covered by the thermometer's tip. When the thermometer beeps to signify completion, keep your mouth shut around it for the prescribed amount of time. To read the number, remove the thermometer.
Which temperature is more reliable: the axilla or the mouth?The most inaccurate temperatures are typically those collected from the armpit. As long as the mouth is closed while the thermometer is in place, oral readings are typically accurate for older children and adults.
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transmembrane proteins move ions or molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient. (True/False)
The transmembrane proteins move ions or molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient. This statement is true.
The movement of ions or molecules against a concentration gradient from lower concentration to higher concentration across a cell membrane with the utilization of energy is known as active transport. Active transport needs cellular energy which is given by ATP hydrolysis. A transmembrane protein is a type of integral membrane protein that is present all over the surface of the cell membrane. Many transmembrane proteins function as gateway to permit the transport of specific substances while travelling across the cell membrane. These transmembrane proteins frequently undergo significant conformational changes to move any substance through the transmembrane. They are highly hydrophobic in nature and it aggregates and precipitates in water. They require detergents or nonpolar solvents for extraction by using denaturing agents.
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the plant obtains nitrogen from this beneficial symbiotic relationship. True/False
Legumes and true rhizobia, another type of nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium, can cohabit together.
Are microbes dangerous?While most germs are not hazardous, there are some that can. These bacteria are an illustration of a pathogen. Pathogens are microbes that can cause disease. They emit toxins that really can infect you and have a high sexual reproduction rate within your body.
How did bacteria get started?The dirt, rocks, oceans, and even frozen snow are all habitats for bacteria on Earth. Many creatures, including plants, animals, and people, reside in or on other organisms. In the human body, bacterial cells outnumber human cells by a factor .
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True or False? the tissue of the capsule in a moss is diploid.
The statement about the tissue of the capsule in moss being diploid is true.
Thus, the correct answer is true.
Funаriа is moss аnd it belongs to the dominion Bryophytа. Funаriа continues switching аmong the gаmetophytic depаrtment аnd sporophytic depаrtment phаse. The pill аnd setа belong to the sporophyte which undergoes meiosis to provide spores. In mosses, the dominаnt level is the hаploid generаtion (the gаmetophyte). This wаy thаt the green, leаfy gаmetophytic tissue is hаploid (hаs hаndiest one set of chromosomes). Eаch sporophyte plаnt consists of а pill, thаt's the middle of spore formаtion; а stаlk; аnd а foot thаt аttаches the sporophyte frаme to the end of the gаmetophyte. Eventuаlly, the diploid spores аre lаunched аnd, upon а hit germinаtion, develop into some other moss plаnt.
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in the planning process, what is the role of strategic goals and plans?
A strategic plan assists you in defining and communicating the path your organization will take over the following three to five years.
It incorporates your company's vision and purpose statements, as well as goals and activities to attain those goals. Strategic goals are significant because they influence priority setting, resource allocation, capability requirements, and budgeting. Individual and team objectives are used to focus and align all employees' efforts.
Input into the marketing, operations, information technology, and human resources plans for the coming years. Planning is a managerial role that entails identifying objectives and determining a course of action to achieve those objectives. Planning necessitates managers being aware of current environmental conditions and forecasting future conditions.
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The volume of blood that leaves the ____ must be close to the volume that returns.
A. capillary
B. hydrostatic pressure
C. plasma proteins
D. arteriolar
The volume of blood that leaves the capillary must be close to the volume that returns.
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body, where the exchange of substances between blood and tissues occurs. The volume of blood that leaves the capillary bed must be b to the volume that returns to maintain adequate perfusion and avoid fluid accumulation. This balance is achieved through the regulation of various factors, including hydrostatic pressure, oncotic pressure, and lymphatic drainage. Disruptions in this balance can lead to tissue damage and edema. Therefore, maintaining a delicate balance of capillary filtration and reabsorption is critical for the proper functioning of the circulatory system and overall health of the body.
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How do you handle a reticulated python?
Handling a reticulated python requires caution and experience. You should ensure that you are using proper technique and safety measures, such as using two hands and never reaching over the top of the snake. A smooth, gliding motion should be used when handling a reticulated python, and the snake should never be grasped too tightly.
1. Always have a second person present to help you. Reticulated pythons can grow to be over 20 feet long, and it is difficult for one person to handle a snake of this size alone.
2. Use a snake hook to help control the snake's head. This will keep the snake at a safe distance and prevent it from biting you.
3. Support the snake's body with your hands or arms, being careful not to put too much pressure on any one part of the snake's body.
4. Keep the snake's head pointed away from you at all times, and be aware of the snake's tail, as it can be used to constrict you.
5. If the snake starts to become agitated, calmly and gently put it back in its enclosure and give it some space.
Remember, reticulated pythons are powerful and potentially dangerous animals, and should always be handled with caution and respect.
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During the breakdown of glucose, why is it beneficial to release energy a little at a time rather than all at once?
Breaking down glucose and releasing energy a little at a time is beneficial for reasons like:
Efficient use of energyAvoidance of damageRegulation of metabolismMore ATP productionGlucose is a simple sugar, also known as a monosaccharide, which is the most important source of energy for our body's cells. It is a type of carbohydrate and is the primary source of energy for our brain, muscles, and other organs.
Glucose is produced by the digestion of carbohydrates that we eat, such as sugars and starches, and is transported in the bloodstream to our cells where it is used as fuel. It is also stored in the liver and muscles in the form of glycogen, which can be quickly broken down into glucose when needed.
The release of energy a little at a time is a more efficient and beneficial way for cells to break down glucose and utilize the energy released.
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Many bacteria adapt to adverse environmental conditions by modifying the composition of their cell membranes. For example, the membranes of bacteria subjected to heat stress often contain high levels of which of these compounds?Choose one:A. unsaturated fatty acidsB. saturated fatty acidsC. cholesterolD. ether-linked terpenoidsE. polyunsaturated fatty acids
Many bacteria adapt to adverse environmental conditions by modifying the composition of their cell membranes. For example, the membranes of bacteria subjected to heat stress often contain high levels of which of these compounds are unsaturated fatty acids.
How can it be explained in detail?Increases in the amount of unsaturated fatty acids are one of the most frequent alterations that bacteria make to their cell membranes in order to adapt to heat stress. This is because double bonds, which are found in the tails of unsaturated fatty acids, prohibit them from packing firmly together. The membrane becomes more fluid and flexible as a result, enabling it to continue to operate and preserve its integrity at high temperatures. The membrane becomes more stiff and is less able to withstand heat stress when saturated fatty acids are present. Since they lack double bonds, their straight tails can pack closely together.
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Which type of mutation is least likely to result in a frameshift mutation?
When one nucleotide in the DNA sequence is swapped out for another, a substitution mutation happens. This could only change one amino acid in the protein because it wouldn't change your set of genes forward or backward.
What kind of mutation does not involve a frameshift?Substitutions in which one nucleotide is swapped out for another are not considered frameshift mutations. When there is a substitution mutation, only one amino acid is changed in the polypeptide.
What kind of mutation will be most likely to frameshift?Frameshift mutations occur when someone or more nucleotides are added or removed from the regular sequence of codons, supplied that its numbers of copies added or taken does not exceed the multiple of three.
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why are seedless vascular plants considered paraphyletic rather than monophyletic?
Compared to non-vascular plants, vascular plants that do not produce seeds have a more recent common ancestor. The several groupings seen in seedless vascular plants do not have a common ancestor.
Are vascular seedless plants a paraphyletic group?Ferns and Lycophytes are two separate lineages that make up the paraphyletic group of creatures known as SVPs. The following traits are present in both of these lineages: In terms of morphology, sporophytes grow a variety of complex tissues, such as lignified vascular tissue, real roots, stems, and leaves.
What makes vascular plants without seeds unique?Plants with vascular tissue but no flowers or seeds are said to be seedless vascular plants. Unlike other vascular plants, which produce seeds, ferns and horsetails reproduce by producing haploid, unicellular spores.
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what process is the source of the co2 that root hairs release into the soil?
The process that is the source of the CO2 that root hairs release into the soil is cellular respiration.
What is cellular respiration?Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. It is a critical process for the survival of most living organisms and occurs in both plants and animals.
Why do root hairs release CO2 into the soil?Root hairs release CO2 into the soil as a byproduct of cellular respiration. The CO2 diffuses out of the root hairs and into the soil, where it can be taken up by nearby plant roots or microorganisms. This process helps to maintain a balance of gases in the soil and provides a source of carbon for soil organisms.
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