What is the mass of the sample in units of grams? carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730y. consider a sample of pure carbon-14 with an activity of 0.55 μci

Answer:

Radiation therapy is the use of high energy radiation to kill cancer cells.

Answer:

Radiation Therapy.

Explanation:

Also known as radiotherapy, it uses high-energy radiation to damage and/or kill cancer cells.

Chiral carbon refers to compounds with at least one carbon atom connected to four different groups, whereas Achiral carbon refers to molecules without a carbon atom bonded to four separate groups.

Chiral carbon centres are tetrahedrally positioned carbon atoms that have four distinct substituents bonded to them. The terms "stereogenic carbons" and "asymmetrical carbon atoms" are also used to describe chiral carbon atoms.

An achiral molecule lacks "handedness" and can be superimposed on its mirror copy (think of a baseball bat, which can be used with either hand)

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Answer:

1) a) 1.81  × 10²³ molecules (b) 1.93  × 10²³ molecules (c) 0.66× 10²³ molecules

2) a) 0.45× 10²³ions  (b) 0.84× 10²³ions (c) 3.6 × 10²³ions

Explanation:

1) Number of molecules:

The given problem will solve by using Avogadro number.

It is the number of atoms , ions and molecules in one gram atom of element, one gram molecules of compound and one gram ions of a substance.

The number 6.022 × 10²³ is called Avogadro number.

a) 16g of H₂CO₃

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Number of moles = 16 g/ 62.03 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.3 mol

1 mol = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules

0.3 mol ×  6.022 × 10²³ molecules /1 mol

1.81  × 10²³ molecules

b) 20g of HNO₃

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Number of moles = 20 g/ 63.01 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.32 mol

1 mol = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules

0.32 mol ×  6.022 × 10²³ molecules /1 mol

1.93  × 10²³ molecules

c) 30g of C₆H₁₂O₆

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Number of moles = 20 g/ 180.156 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.11 mol

1 mol = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules

0.11 mol ×  6.022 × 10²³ molecules /1 mol

0.66× 10²³ molecules

2. Calculate the number of ions in the following compounds:

a) 10g of AlCl₃

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Number of moles = 10g/ 133.34 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.075 mol

1 mol = 6.022 × 10²³ ions

0.075 mol ×  6.022 × 10²³ ions/1 mol

0.45× 10²³ions

b) 30g of BaCl₂

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Number of moles = 30g/ 208.23 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.14 mol

1 mol = 6.022 × 10²³ ions

0.14 mol ×  6.022 × 10²³ ions/1 mol

0.84× 10²³ions

c) 58 g of H2SO4

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Number of moles = 58g/ 98.079 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.59 mol

1 mol = 6.022 × 10²³ ions

0.59 mol ×  6.022 × 10²³ ions/1 mol

3.6 × 10²³ions

Explanation:

The equation for ideal gas law is written as PV = nRT.

Ideal gas law states that, the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to the number on moles of gas, directly proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the pressure.

PV = nRT

where;

Thus, the equation for ideal gas law is written as PV = nRT.

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For a second order reaction, if (A)^-1 is plotted vs. time is straight line with k= slope of the line,Plot the inverse of concentration of a reactnt verus time.

Second order reaction defined as chemical reactions which is the sum of the exponents in the rate of law of the chemical reaction is equal to two.The such reaction is written as the - r=k(A)2 or r= k(A)(B).

Second  order reaction is a type of reaction which is depend on the concentrations of one second order or two first order reactants.Reaction proceeds at rate proportional to the square of the product of the concentration of one reactant, or the product of the concentrations of two reactant.

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Answer:

lithium

Explanation:

The mass of hydrogen is 1 u, so the mass of element x is 7 u, which is approximately the atomic mass of lithium.

Answer:

A physical property that depends on the sample size 

Explanation:

The answer is 1) mixing of two gases by diffusion.

Once 2 gases are mixed by diffusion, they cannot be obtained from the mixture of gases. Hence, it is considered to be an irreversible process.

A. Carbon-14 can be used to date remains as far back as 60,000 years.

Carbon dating is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radioactive isotope of carbon.

Carbon-14 dating can be used to estimate the age of carbon-bearing materials up to about 58,000 to 62,000 years old.

Thus, Carbon-14 can be used to date remains as far back as 60,000 years.

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Answer: a. 1-chloro-4-methylpent-2-yne - [tex]C_6H_9Cl[/tex]

              b. 5-chloro-2-methylpent-3-yne - [tex]C_6H_7Cl[/tex]

              c. sec-butyl chloromethyl acetylene - [tex]C_{12}H_{21}ClO_2[/tex]

              d.1-chloro-4,4-dimethylbut-2-yne - [tex]C_6H_9Cl[/tex]

What is the full name of IUPAC?

The full name of IUPAC is International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

The compound's name is typed out first, followed by the base name and the substituents in alphabetical order (derived from the number of carbons in the parent chain). Between numbers and letters are separated by dashes and commas, respectively. The name has no spaces.

Therefore, a. 1-chloro-4-methylpent-2-yne - [tex]C_6H_9Cl[/tex]

              b. 5-chloro-2-methylpent-3-yne - [tex]C_6H_7Cl[/tex]

              c. sec-butyl chloromethyl acetylene - [tex]C_{12}H_{21}ClO_2[/tex]

              d.1-chloro-4,4-dimethylbut-2-yne - [tex]C_6H_9Cl[/tex]

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Answer:

d

Explanation:

22.4 L is the same as 1 mol.

Diatomic nitrogen has a formula mass of 28.01 g/mol, so the answer is d.

amortized loan one of the following terms is used to describe a loan wherein each payment is equal in amount and includes both interest and principal.

What is an amortized loan?

What does it mean when a loan is amortized?

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The molecular formula of the compound is CaCO3.

The molecular formula is the formula of the compound that shows the number of atoms present in the molecule.

Now, we have that;

Ca - 40.00/40  C - 11.99/12   O - 48.01/16

Ca - 1   C - 1   O - 3

The empirical formula of the compound is CaCO3

Now;

[40 + 12 + 3(16)]n = 100.09

n = 100.09 /100

n = 1

Hence, the molecular formula of the compound is CaCO3.

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The volume of the 0.1 M buffer from Part A needed to make 100 mL of a 0.01 M buffer is 10mL.

The volume of a substance can be calculated using the following formula;

C1V1 = C2V2

Where;

0.1 × V1 = 100 × 0.01

0.1V1 = 1

V1 = 1/0.1

V1 = 10mL

Therefore, the volume of the 0.1 M buffer from Part A needed to make 100 mL of a 0.01 M buffer is 10mL.

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The new pH is 7.69.

According to Hendersen Hasselbach equation;

The Henderson Hasselbalch equation is an approximate equation that shows the relationship between the pH or pOH of a solution and the pKa or pKb and the ratio of the concentrations of the dissociated chemical species. To calculate the pH of the buffer solution made by mixing salt and weak acid/base. It is used to calculate the pKa value. Prepare buffer solution of needed pH.

                       pH = pKa + log10 ([A–]/[HA])

Here, 100 mL  of  0.10 m TRIS buffer pH 8.3

                 pka = 8.3

         0.005 mol of TRIS.

∴  [tex]8.3 = 8.3 + log \frac{[0.005]}{[0.005]}[/tex]

   inverse log 0 = [tex]\frac{[B]}{[A]}[/tex]

   [tex]\frac{[B]}{[A]} = 1[/tex]

Given; 3.0 ml of 1.0 m hcl.

           pka = 8.3

           0.003 mol of HCL.

[tex]pH = 8.3 + log \frac{[0.005-0.003]}{[0.005+0.003]}\\pH = 8.3 + log \frac{[0.002]}{[0.008]}\\\\pH = 8.3 + log {0.25}\\\\pH = 8.3 + (-0.62)\\pH = 7.69[/tex]

Therefore, the new pH is 7.69.

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Answer:

C₂H₄O₂

Explanation:

To find the molecular formula of the organic acid, you need to (1) determine the mass of each element (from the given percents), then (2) convert grams of each element to moles (via atomic masses), then (3) find the empirical formula, and then (4) find the molecular formula.

(Step 1)

39.9% C -----> 39.9 g C

6.7% H -----> 6.7 g H

53.4% O -----> 53.4 g O

(Step 2)

Atomic Mass (C): 12.011 g/mol

Atomic Mass (H): 1.008 g/mol

Atomic Mass (O): 15.988 g/mol

39.9 grams C             1 mole
----------------------  x  ----------------------  = 3.32 moles C
                                12.011 grams

6.7 grams H              1 mole
--------------------  x  ---------------------  =  6.65 moles H
                              1.008 grams

53.4 grams O              1 mole
----------------------  x  ----------------------  =  3.34 moles O
                                15.998 grams

(Step 3)

The empirical formula is made up of the lowest possible amount of each element in the molecule. These amounts can be found by dividing the molar value of each element by the smallest molar value. In this case, the smallest molar value is 3.32 moles C. The calculated values make up the subscripts in the empirical formula.

3.32 moles C / 3.32  =  1 mole C

6.65 moles H / 3.32  =  2 moles H

3.34 moles O / 3.32  =  1 mole O

Empirical Formula: CH₂O

(Step 4)

To find the molecular formula, you first need to determine the molar mass of the empirical formula. Once you have this value, you need to determine how much you need to scale the formula up by. In this case, the molar mass of the empirical formula is half of the molar mass of the molecular formula. Therefore, you need to multiply the amount of each element in the molecule by 2.

Molar Mass (CH₂O): 12.011 g/mol + 2(1.008 g/mol) + 15.998 g/mol

Molar Mass (CH₂O): 30.025 g/mol

30.025 g/mol x 2 = 60.05 g/mol

CH₂O x 2 = C₂H₄O₂

Answer:

False

Explanation:

Attractive forces between molecules in a solid are weaker than bonds between atoms in a molecule.

It takes much more energy to break intramolecular bonds (bonds within molecules) than it does to break intermolecular bonds (bonds between molecules). As a result, it is more difficult to break apart one molecule of a solid than it is to break the solid or separate the molecules from one another.

Answer:

A.) combustion

Explanation:

Combustion reactions are a specific type of redox reaction which always have the same general structure: CₓHᵧ + O₂ ---> H₂O + CO₂ + heat/light

Decomposition reactions are reactions which involve a molecule breaking down into smaller compounds/elements. They have the general structure: AB ---> A + B

Double replacement reactions are reactions in which the cation of one compound is swapped with the cation of another compound. They have the general structure: AB + CD ---> AD + CB

A detailed article on formation of poly [(fluorophenyl) acetylene]s prepared with metathesis and insertion catalysts has been given below.

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The government gave the people more freedom to criticize the government which led to nationalist movements

In the late 1980s, the economic and social situation in the Soviet Union was tense. The socialist economy was on the verge of collapse, the war in Afghanistan was an assured defeat, and the quality of life for Soviet citizens was appalling.

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The new pressure changed relative to the original by a factor of 8/3.

Using the ideal gas equation;

PV = nRT

P = pressure

V = volume

n = number of moles

R = gas constant

T = temperature

P1 = nRT/V

P2 = 4n * R * 2T/3V

Hence;

P2/P1 = 4n * R * 2T/3V ÷  nRT/V

P2/P1 = 4n * R * 2T/3V * V/nRT

P2/P1 =4 * 2/3

= 8/3

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The amount, in grams, of carbon tetrachloride that would be present, will be 22.99 grams.

For every one mole of any substance, there are 6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms of particles. This is according to Avogadro.

Now, there are 9 x [tex]10^{22[/tex] particles in this particular carbon tetrachloride.

If 1 mole = 6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] particles

Then,

9 x [tex]10^{22[/tex] particles =  9 x [tex]10^{22[/tex] x 1/6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] particles

                       = 0.1495 moles

Carbon tetrachloride has the chemical formula CCl4 and has a molar mass of 153.82 g/mol.

Recall that: mole = mass/molar mass

Hence, mass = mole x molar mass.

Mass of 0.1495 moles CCl4 = 0.1495 x 153.82 = 22.99 grams

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Amount of nitrogen produced = 1.624 g

To calculate the moles, we use the equation:    

4NH3(g) + 3 O2 (g) ---> 2 N2 (g) + 6 H2O (g)                           ....(1)

For ammonia:

Putting values in above equation, we get:

Moles of ammonia = 7.00 x 1022 / 6.023 * 10 ^23 = 0.116 mol

Moles of oxygen = 6.00 x 1022 / 6.023 * 10 ^23 = 0.099 mol

For the reaction:

4NH3(g) + 3 O2 (g) ---> 2 N2 (g) + 6 H2O (g)

By Stoichiometry of the reaction,

4 moles of ammonia combine with 3 moles of Oxygen

Thus 0.116 moles of ammonia will combine with= 3/4 * 0.116 = 0.087 of oxygen

Thus ammonia is the limiting reagent as it limits the formation of product.

4 moles of ammonia produces 2 moles of nitrogen

0.132 moles of ammonia will produce=2/4 * 0.116 = 0.058 of nitrogen

Molar mass of nitrogen =  28 g/mol

Amount of nitrogen produced=

No of moles * molar mass = 0.058 * 282 = 1.624 g

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Dendral was the first expert system developed to determine the chemical structure of molecules.

A molecule refers to a set of (2) or more atoms that are chemically bonded collectively, which allows you to form the smallest essential unit of a chemical compound. additionally, molecules are capable of taking elements in a chemical reaction.

A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance that has all of the physical and chemical houses. Molecules are made up of one or extra atoms. A molecule is a hard and speedy of or greater atoms held together via the use of a way of appealing forces called chemical bonds.

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Answer:

Ca = 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²

Explanation:

Calcium is located in the second column and the 4th row of the periodic table. Thus, there are 2 valence electrons and the highest quantum number is 4. This is represented by 4s². However, all of the previous orbitals and electrons must be listed beforehand, making the entire electron configuration: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s².

The statement that describes the oxidizing agent in a chemical reaction is the substance that is reduced because it gains electrons (option D).

A redox reaction is a chemical reaction in which some of the atoms have their oxidation number changed.

In a redox reaction, there are oxidizing and reducing agents. The oxidizing agent is the substance that receives electrons from another substance, hence, becoming reduced.

Therefore, the statement that describes the oxidizing agent in a chemical reaction is the substance that is reduced because it gains electrons.

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Answer:D

Explanation:

took test

The element with the abbreviated electron configuration is palladium.

Electron configurations can be abbreviated using the noble gas configuration. The noble gas elements have completely filled orbitals.

The noble gases are:

For example, an element with the atomic number 4 can have its electron configuration written as [He] [tex]2S^2[/tex].

An element with the abbreviated atomic number [Kr] [tex]5s^2[/tex] [tex]4d^8[/tex] has a total of the atomic number of Kr + 2 + 8.

                36+2+8 = 46 electrons.

The element with the atomic number of 46 is palladium.

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True. Noble gases are the least reactive elements on the periodic table

They are a group of elements with completely filled orbitals. In other words, they have zero valence electrons.

Without having valence electrons, it becomes difficult for this group of elements to form bonds with other elements either by electron donation or sharing.

However, they can be made to form bonds with other elements under special conditions.

Thus, they are the least reactive of all the elements in the periodic table.

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Answer:

The Noble Gases have eight valence electrons, which fill their outer energy level. This is the most stable arrangement of electrons, so noble gases rarely react with other elements and form compounds.

Hope this helps!

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

The density of each element represents the mass (grams) per every 1 milliliter Therefore, if each coin is 2 milliliters, you need to divide the given mass by 2.

21.94 grams / 2 mL = 10.97 grams / 1 mL

This matches the density of silver.