Answer:
d. Fluoride becomes incorporated into the crystalline structure of teeth, making them less susceptible to decay
Explanation:
Dental caries results when cariogenic (caries-causing) bacteria metabolize carbohydrates or sugars present in the mouth for their energy needs, producing organic acids as byproducts, thus lowering the pH of the plaque biofilm.
The hydroxyapatite of tooth enamel is composed mainly of phosphate ions (PO₄³⁻) and calcium ions (Ca⁺). Under normal conditions, there is a stable equilibrium between the calcium and phosphate ions in saliva and the crystalline hydroxyapatite. At low pH (acidic conditions), there is a shift in equilibrium resulting in the dissolution of hydroxyapatite from tooth enamel, a process known as demineralization. A reverse process called remineralization (the process of incorporation of minerals in tooth enamel) occurs when the saliva, acting as a buffer elevates pH. When equilibrium is shifted to favor continued demineralization, dental caries results.
However, when fluoride is present in saliva, fluorapatite, rather than hydroxyapatite, forms during the remineralization process as fluoride ions replace hydroxyl groups in the formation of the apatite crystal lattice.
Fluorapatite is less soluble than hydroxyapatite making it more resistant to demineralization, even under conditions of low pH. Thus, fluoride acts as an effective anticaries agent.
Water lilies float on the surface of ponds. They grow in shallow ponds, so the roots of the plant can grow down into the mud at the bottom of the pond. Water lilies need about 4–6 hours of sunlight each day, and grow best in tropical areas.
Which statement best explains why water lilies cannot survive in the marine biome?
A.
The marine biome has an average yearly rainfall that is too high.
B.
The water in the marine biome is salt water rather than fresh water.
C.
The water in the marine biome is fresh water rather than salt water.
D.
The marine biome has an average yearly rainfall that is too low
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A is false
C is false
D is false
PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!!!!
Answer:
3 (dominant) 1 (recessive)
Explanation:
In _______, _____________ ___________, looked at a piece of cork under his
microscope and called what he saw cells.
Answer:
1665
Robert hooke
Answer:
In 1665, Robert Hooke looked at a piece of cork under his
microscope and called what he saw cells.
Explanation:
Robert Hooke performed several experiments on the work of the cell theory and overall was the first scientist to discover them and coin the name of cells.
Hope that this helped out! (●´ω｀●)
Please Help!!!
How many ATP can be obtained from the complete beta-oxidation and metabolism of one 16-carbon fatty acid molecule?
Answer:
read ex
Explanation:
129 ATP
list five women rights
Which cell structure serves the stated function in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
nucleus: stores genetic material
O cytoplasm: protects cell structures
O ribosomes: regulate cell processes
O DNA: surrounds cell contents
Answer: O cytoplasm: protects cell structures
Explanation:
When California recently (June 2015) passed a law banning the personal belief exemption of routine childhood vaccines Jim Carrey recently posted (June/July 2015) a series of tweets about thimerosal (a form of mercury) used as a preservative in vaccines. Is it true that there is no convincing scientific evidence that thimerosal causes harm by the low doses of thimerosal in vaccines, except for minor reactions like redness and swelling at the injection site?
Answer:
Yes, there is no convincing scientific evidence that thimerosal causes harm by the low doses of thimerosal in vaccines, except for minor reactions like redness and swelling at the injection site
Explanation:
Thimerosal has been used safely as a vaccine additive, added to some vaccines to prevent germs like bacteria and fungi from growing in them dated since early 1930s. Though, Thimerosal contains mercury but the type of mercury doesn’t stays in the body, and is unlikely to make human fall sick.
Most people doesn't have any allergic reaction to it except for redness and swelling at the injection site as early mentioned and this is considered irrelevant when compared to effect of vaccine when contaminated by germ which could cause serious illness or death.
Sleep is an important need for people, explain sleep and four
different stages of sleep.
Answer:
Stage 1 non-REM sleep is the changeover from wakefulness to sleep. ...
Stage 2 non-REM sleep is a period of light sleep before you enter deeper sleep. ...
Stage 3 non-REM sleep is the period of deep sleep that you need to feel refreshed in the morning. ...
REM sleep first occurs about 90 minutes after falling asleep.
Explanation:
Sleep is an important part of your daily routine—you spend about one-third of your time doing it. Quality sleep – and getting enough of it at the right times -- is as essential to survival as food and water. Without sleep you can’t form or maintain the pathways in your brain that let you learn and create new memories, and it’s harder to concentrate and respond quickly.
Stages of sleepstage 1 non-REM sleep is the changeover from wakefulness to sleep. During this short period (lasting several minutes) of relatively light sleep, your heartbeat, breathing, and eye movements slow, and your muscles relax with occasional twitches. Your brain waves begin to slow from their daytime wakefulness patterns.
Stage 2 non-REM sleep is a period of light sleep before you enter deeper sleep. Your heartbeat and breathing slow, and muscles relax even further. Your body temperature drops and eye movements stop. Brain wave activity slows but is marked by brief bursts of electrical activity. You spend more of your repeated sleep cycles in stage 2 sleep than in other sleep stages.
Stage 3 non-REM sleep is the period of deep sleep that you need to feel refreshed in the morning. It occurs in longer periods during the first half of the night. Your heartbeat and breathing slow to their lowest levels during sleep. Your muscles are relaxed and it may be difficult to awaken you. Brain waves become even slower.
REM sleep first occurs about 90 minutes after falling asleep. Your eyes move rapidly from side to side behind closed eyelids. Mixed frequency brain wave activity becomes closer to that seen in wakefulness. Your breathing becomes faster and irregular, and your heart rate and blood pressure increase to near waking levels. Most of your dreaming occurs during REM sleep, although some can also occur in non-REM sleep. Your arm and leg muscles become temporarily paralyzed, which prevents you from acting out your dreams. As you age, you sleep less of your time in REM sleep. Memory consolidation most likely requires both non-REM and REM sleep.
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WRITTEN RESPONSE
Describe 3 pieces of evidence that you could use to support the theory of evolution.
Answer:
Darwin used multiple lines of evidence to support his theory of evolution by natural selection -- fossil evidence, biogeographical evidence, and anatomical evidence.
Explanation:
Select the neurological problems that affect women more often than men.
Answer: Imma say the Parkinson's disease.
This disabling neurological disease affects about 50% more men than women.More than two times more men than women are affected by antisocial personality disorder and substance use disorder. Several cancers, including stomach cancer (2:1), oesophageal cancer (3:1), liver cancer (2:1 to 4:1) and oral cancer (2:1 to 3:1), which have mostly lifestyle-based risk factors, are more common in men.
Hope this helps have a awesome day/night❤️✨Explanation:
Some people's earlobes dangle or flap unattached, while others don't. This trait is genetically determined. Use the genetics simulation to explore the genes that determine whether earlobes are attached or unattached. One trait is dominant and the other is recessive. See what happens when you cross parents with different genetic combinations. Follow the specific instructions for each trial.
Complete question, Answer, and Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete question, answer, and explanation in the attached files
Question 5 of 25
The image shows devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy.
What is one advantage of using these devices in place of a nuclear power
plant?
A. They have lower greenhouse gas emissions.
B. They are more reliable,
Ο Ο Ο
C. They take up less space,
D. They produce less hazardous waste.
Activat
Answer:
Explanation: D- they produce less hazardous waste
Answer:
D. They produce less hazardous waste
Explanation:
Nuclear power plants have radioactive hazardous waste, while solar panels do create waste it is not hazardous/as much as a nuclear power plant.
1. If a long tail is a dominant characteristic, in which case is the characteristic of a long tail definitely expressed?
A) when at least one allele contains instructions for a long tail
B) when at least one parent has a long tail
C) when both alleles contain instructions for a long tail
D) when both parents have a long tail
2. What is true of all body cells except sex cells?
A) Each cell type carries chromosomes and genes that identify it as that specific type of cell. For example, skin cells have different chromosomes and genes than muscle cells.
B) Each body cell contains the same number and kinds of chromosomes for that organism. The chromosomes contain the same number and kinds of genes for that individual.
C) While each cell type in the body contains the same kinds of genes, they are organized on different chromosomes depending on the cell type.
D) While each cell in the body contains the same number of chromosomes, each cell type has different genes along those chromosomes.
Answer:
1. A) when at least one allele contains instructions for a long tail
2. B) Each body cell contains the same number and kinds of chromosomes for that organism. The chromosomes contain the same number and kinds of genes for that individual.
Answer:
A. when at least one allele contains instructions for a long tail
Explanation:
The guy above me Answered. oh yeah, also have a cheeseburger while your at it. lol
In cats, the gene for Calico (multicolored) cats is an x-linked trait that is
CODOMINANT. Females that receive a "B" and an "R" gene have black and orange
splotches on white coats. Males can only be black or orange, but never calico.
A female calico's genotype is XBXR
Cross a female calico cat with a black male. (Complete a Punnett square)
What are the results of the cross?
25% Black and male, 0% Calico Male, 25% Calico female
50% Black and male, 50% Calico female.
50% Orange and male, 50% Female Black
Answer:
Considering the whole progeny (100%), there will be
25% Black male kittens, XBY0% Calico Male kittens25% Calico female kittens, XBXRExplanation:
Available data:
The gene for Calico (multicolored) cats is an x-linked trait and codominantCalico Females receive a "B" and an "R" gene, and have black and orange splotches on white coats. Their genotype is XBXR.Males can only be black or orange, but never calico. Their genotype is XBY and XRYCross: a female calico cat with a black male
Parentals) XBXR x XBY
Gametes) XB XR XB Y
Punnett square) XB XR
XB XBXB XBXR
Y XBY XRY
F1) Among the whole progeny:
2/4 = 50% will be black (female XBXB and male XBY) 1/4 = 25% will be Calico (female XBXR) 1/4 = 25% will be Orange (male XRY)Among females:
1/2 = 50% of females will be black, XBXB 1/2 = 50% of females will be Calico, XBXRAmong males:
1/2 = 50% of males will be black, XBY 1/2 = 50% of males will be orange, XRYIf Ava drops a 5 kg ball off a 20 meter building and Clayton drops a 5 kg ball
off a 40 meter building, which ball will have more potential energy?"
A.Ava's ball
B.Clayton's ball
May someone help me with this please?
How many NAD+ become NADH during glycolysis, starting with one molecule of glucose?
a. none
b.1
c.2
d.6
Answer:
d.6
Explanation:
Step 6 is the first step in which NAD+ is reduced to form NADH. Two NADH molecules are formed for every one glucose molecule.
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What happens when you change the material through which a wave travels?
Answer:
Changing the material will speed up or slow down the wave depending on the index of refraction of the material.
which statement best describes metals
Answer:
... There is no answer options
Explanation:
red-green color blindness is an x-linked recessive disorder. if the mother is RGCB and the father has normal vision, what are the changes for daughters and sons to hae the trait
Answer:
The correct answer would be -
RGCB daughter - 0%
RGCB sons - 100%
Explanation:
Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive disease that means it will only express in absence of the normal allele that is present on X-chromosomes. As it is known that males have only one X-chromosomes therefore, the chances are more in males to be affected in presence of the recessive gene. In this given case women s RGCB and man has normal vision. The genotype of women would be both recessive alleles XcXc and genotype of man would be XY.
The gametes would be - Xc, Xc and X, Y
then the cross:
Xc Xc
X XXc XXc
Y XcY XcY
so the offspring would be -
Carrier female = XXc (50% chance in total and 100% in daughters)
RGCB daughters = 0%
RGCB male = XcY (100% in sons and 50% of total children)
In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant to white fur (b) A purebred black furred male is bred with a female that had the recessive white fur
Answer:
BB x bb
Bb
Bb
Explanation: When a purebred dominant trait is bred with a purebred recessive trait then the offspring will always have the dominant and recessive trait.
Sympatric speciation occurs due to all of the following except O geographic isolation O pre-zygotic isolation O post-zygotic isolation O behavioral isolation
Answer:
Explanation:
When two species are reproductively _____, gene flow does not occur between them ... Which of these are prezygotic isolating mechanisms? -behavioral -temporal ... All of the following statements concerning the evolutionary species concept are true ... both sympatric and allopatric speciation require a geographic barrier.
Che healthy way to lose weight is to...
Drink a lot of water
O Take in slightly less calories than you use daily
O Eat no fats
O Eat no carbohydrates
1 point
Answer:
O Take in slightly less calories than you use daily
Explanation:
It has been shown that the healthiest diets to lose weight are those where individuals consume fewer calories than normal and simultaneously by taking care of consuming all essential nutrients in adequate quantities.
The essential nutrients to be consumed in a healthy diet include:
1- macronutrients, especially proteins (amino acids) to avoid muscle loss as well as normal metabolic functions, and fats, which are required to absorb some micronutrients (i.e., liposoluble vitamins)
2- micronutrients, which include vitamins (e.g., vitamin D, vitamin C, etc) and minerals (e.g., iron, calcium, etc).
Help plzzz I’ll give Top Brainiest
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Just think about it, you have to heat the tomatoes on the stove to be a sauce, the heat makes it soft.
I will mark brainlyest
A group is a collection of same kind of organisms that travel together, live, and perform daily tasks together.
Scientists claim that group behavior can increase the chances for an individual and a species to survive and reproduce.
What are the pro's of group behavior? Choose ALL that could apply.
A)
Reduced chance of predation.
B)
Better chance at finding a mate.
Improved foraging, locating food sources.
D)
Increased competition for food or a mate.
E)
No struggle for authority; shared leadership roles.
Answer:
a b e
Explanation:
these are all pros of living in groups
living in an unhealthy community will lead to.
Explanation:
if you mean dirty or not cleaned in a while then you can get sick from the lingering germs, and you can get sick or die if something like a gas pipe has rusted open from not being cleaned. there are many other examples.
JND stands for:
Select one:
a. Just noticeable theory
ob. Just noticeable direction
c. Just negotiable difference
d. Just noticeable difference
The correct answer is D. Just noticeable difference.
Explanation
In psychophysics, a barely noticeable difference, usually abbreviated with lowercase letters JND, is the smallest detectable difference between an initial and a secondary level of a particular sensory stimulus. Also known as limen difference, differential threshold, or less noticeable difference. According to the above, the correct answer is D. Just noticeable difference.
where do we not find glycosidic bonds?
a. lipids
b. cellulose
c. lactose
d. starch
Answer:
C
Explanation: In a fat molecule, the fatty acids are attached to each of the three carbons of the glycerol molecule with an ester bond through the oxygen atom. During the ester bond formation, three molecules are released.
Select the correct answer. Which statement is an example of a focused topic? A. Fruits from rainforests are known to heal diseases that affect people around the world. B. Fruits from rainforests are enjoyed by people all over the world. C. Fruits from rainforests are part of a healthy diet. D. Fruits from rainforests in the Amazon are effective remedies for the common cold.
Answer:
I think D
Explanation:
Answer:
D. Fruits from rainforests in the Amazon are effective remedies for the common cold.
Explanation:
how is spark formed, and why might a spark start an explosion?
Answer:When the applied electric field exceeds the dielectric breakdown strength of the intervening medium, a spark is generated. In a mechanism known as dielectric breakdown, the exponentially increasing electrons and ions allow regions of the air in the gap to become electrically conductive.
An electrostatic spark causes the blast. The sudden rise in temperature that occurs as the mixture ignites causes a massive increase in gas pressure. The ensuing increase in pressure could collapse the chamber with a noisy explosion if the burning vapour were to be trapped.
Explanation: