A concentration gradient drives the ion-exchange membrane (IEM) separation procedure known as diffusion dialysis (DD).
Diffusion dialysis is referred to be a spontaneous separation technique since the concentration gradient primarily drives the separation process. A membrane separation procedure is DD.
Diffusion is the movement of a solute along a concentration gradient through a membrane. Small molecules are eliminated in this manner during hemodialysate. Diffusion is the net transfer of a substance from a location of high concentration to a region of low concentration, according to physicists and chemists.
Diffusion in hemodialysis is formally defined as the transport of solutes as a result of random molecular motions down its concentration gradient through a semipermeable membrane. Diffusion is how most toxins are removed during dialysis.
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1/lambda = R (1/m^2 - 1/n^2) If m =1, in what range are the wavelengths calculated from the generalized formula shown above? and if m =3, in what range are the wavelengths calculated from the generalized formula shown above? microwave (1 to 10^-4m) infrared ( 10^-3 to 7*10^-7m) visible (7*10^-7 to 4*10^-7m) ultraviolet (4*10^-7 to 10^-8m) X rays (10^-8 to 10^-13m)
The range of wavelength when m = 3 is λ = 8.20 x 10-7 m to 18.7 x 10-7 m (this belongs to infrared radiations).
The wavenumber of hydrogen spectral series is 1/λ = R(1/m2 – 1/n2)
Rydberg constant, R = 1.097 x 107 m-1
1. When m = 1 and n = 2, 1/λ = 1.097 x 107 x (1/12 – ½2) = 0.822 x 107
Wavelength, λ = 1.215 x 10-7 m
When m = 1 and n = ∞
, 1/λ = 1.097 x 107 x (1/12 – 0) = 1.097 x 107
Wavelength, λ = 0.911 x 10-7 m
The range of wavelength when m = 1 is λ = 0.911 x 10-7 m to 1.215 x 10-7 m (this belongs to ultra-violet radiations)
2. When m = 3 and n = 4, 1/λ = 1.097 x 107 x (1/32 – 42) = 0.0533 x 107
Wavelength, λ = 18.7 x 10-7 m
When m = 3 and n = ∞
1/λ = 1.097 x 107 x (1/32 – 0) = 0.122 x 107
Wavelength, λ = 8.20 x 10-7 m
The range of wavelength when m = 3 is λ = 8.20 x 10-7 m to 18.7 x 10-7 m (this belongs to infra-red radiations)
In physics, the wavelength is the spatial duration of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats. it is the gap between consecutive corresponding points of the same section on the wave, including two adjoining crests, troughs, or 0 crossings, and is a feature of each traveling wave and standing wave, as well as other spatial wave patterns. The inverse of the wavelength is known as the spatial frequency. Wavelength is normally exact by means of the Greek letter lambda (λ). The time period wavelength is also now and again implemented to modulated waves, and to the sinusoidal envelopes of modulated waves or waves fashioned with the aid of interference of several sinusoids.
Assuming a sinusoidal wave shifting at a set wave speed, the wavelength is inversely proportional to the frequency of the wave: waves with better frequencies have shorter wavelengths, and decreased frequencies have longer wavelengths.
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Which of the following conditions should be met to make a process perfectly reversible?
Check all that apply.
(1) Any mechanical interactions taking place in the process should be frictionless.
(2) Any thermal interactions taking place in the process should occur across infinitesimal temperature or pressure gradients.
(3) The system should not be close to equilibrium.
1) Any mechanical interactions taking place in the process should be frictionless, to make a process perfectly reversible
What is mechanical interactions?
Mechanical interactions are physical forces that are used to affect the behavior of objects and materials. This can include contact forces such as friction, tension, and compression, as well as non-contact forces such as gravity, magnetism, and electric fields
Mechanical interactions can be used to cause objects to move, change shape, or experience a change in energy. These interactions can also be used to create, store, or transfer energy. Mechanical interactions are studied by engineers and scientists in multiple disciplines, and are used in many different applications, including the design of machinery, medical devices, and consumer products.
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What is the amount of torque produced if the angle between the force and the lever arm is zero?
The amount of torque produced if the angle between the force and the lever arm is zero is zero.
The formula for torque is:
Torque (τ) = Force (F) x Lever arm (r) x sin(θ)
This is because torque is defined as the product of force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis of rotation. When the angle between the force and the lever arm is zero, the force is acting parallel to the lever arm, meaning that there is no perpendicular distance between the force and the axis of rotation, resulting in a torque of zero. In other words, the torque is zero when the force is applied in the same direction as the lever arm.
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A weight of 10 N hangs motionless from a spring. The spring is stretched 0.286 m from its original length. What is the force constant for the spring?
a-2.8 N/m
b-22 N/m
c-35 N/m
d-43 N/m
Answer:
C. -35N/m
Explanation:
Using Hooke's Law, we know that the elastic constant of a spring can be found with this formula:
[tex]F=-kx[/tex]
where:
[tex]F[/tex] is the force ( in Newtons)
[tex]k[/tex] is the constant ( in Newtons per meter)
[tex]x[/tex] is the extension ( in meters)
thus, by rearranging the formula we can get:
[tex]k=-\frac{F}{x}[/tex]
[tex]k = -\frac{10}{0.286}[/tex]
[tex]k=-34.96503N/m[/tex]
Rounding off the answer, we get -35N/m
what is the equation linking current, potential difference and voltage
Put your finger over P to compute power; this leaves I and V; hence, P = I x V.
What connection exists between voltage and potential difference?The quantity of current multiplied by the resistance equals the potential difference, which is the same as voltage. One Coulomb of charge uses one Joule of energy to move between two locations in a circuit, which is equal to a potential difference of one Volt.
What is a potential difference?Difference that might exist at all between the two points The amount of work required to move a unit positive charge along any path through one point to another without accelerating is referred to as the electric field.
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Find the gravitational force between Jupiter and its natural satellite Callisto. The mass of Jupiter is
1.99 x 10^27 kg and the mass of Callisto is 1.08 x 10^23 kg. The distance between Jupiter and
Callisto is 1.88 x 10^9m.
The gravitational force between Jupiter and its natural satellite Callisto is 3.76×10∧21 Newton.
What exactly is the gravitational force?The attraction force that exists in between two masses is directly proportional to the product of their mass and is inversely related to the square of the distance between them, according to Newton's universal law of gravitation.
The mass of Jupiter is 1.99 x 10^27 kg
the mass of Callisto is 1.08 x 10^23 kg
By using the formula
F = G M1×M2/ r²
(G = 6.67×10∧-11 )
F = ( 6.67×10∧-11 ×1.99 x 10^27 × 1.08 x 10^23 ) / (1.88 x 10^9)²
F = (13.28×10∧39)/3.534×10∧18
F =3.76×10∧21 Newton.
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According to table 1, which of the following materials is the poorest electrical conductor?
(A) Copper
(B) Aluminum
(C) Graphite
(D) Brass
Graphite: according to table 1, which of the following materials is the poorest electrical conductor.
What is conductor?
Conductor is an electrical device or material that is capable of allowing electric current to flow through it. It is used in a variety of applications ranging from wiring in buildings to the transmission of electricity over large distances.
Conductors are typically made from metals, such as copper and aluminum, but certain types of materials, such as semiconductors, can also act as conductors.
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hi, can someone explain each paragraph or rephrase each paragraphs for my reporting sana , thanks !
X-rays Ultraviolet rays are followed immediately by X-rays. Although they have a shorter wavelength than the UV, they are more energetic.
An X-ray tube is used to create X-rays. When quickly traveling electrons strike a metal object, they are released. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen made the X-ray discovery in 1895.
The flesh can be penetrated by long wavelength X-rays, but not the bones. They assist doctors in viewing the inside of the body through X-ray imagery. They are helpful in identifying malignancies and bone fractures.
Even metals can be penetrated by short wavelength X-rays. They are applied in industry to check for flaws in welded joints.
All X-rays pose a risk because they have the potential to harm the body's healthy, functioning cells.
This is why exposure to X-rays on a regular basis should be avoided. Body tissues can be harmed by excessive X-ray exposure, which can also lead to cancer.
How are X-Rays created?To create images of the body, its organs, and other internal structures for diagnostic purposes, X-rays use external radiation. A "negative" type image is created when X-rays penetrate human structures and land on specially treated plates (similar to camera film) or digital media (the more solid a structure is, the whiter it appears on the film).
Different bodily components permit various amounts of the X-ray beams to pass through when the body is exposed to X-rays. The majority of the X-ray energy can pass through soft tissues in the body, including blood, skin, fat, and muscle, making them look dark gray on film or digital media. Few X-rays can penetrate dense soft tissue like a bone or a tumor.
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2. Yvonne van Gennip of the Netherlands ice skated 10.0 km with an aver- age speed of 10.8 m/s. Suppose van Gennip erosses the finish line at her average speed and takes a huge bouquet of flowers handed to her by a fan. As a result, her speed drops to 10.01 m/s. If van Gennip's mass is 63.0 kg, what is the mass of the bouquet
The mass of the bouquet can be calculated using the equation m = F/a. Which is equal to 0.9kg.
Since van Gennip’s speed dropped from 10.8 m/s to 10.01 m/s after she took the bouquet, this indicates that a force was applied to her causing her to slow down.
The applied force can be determined by taking the difference between her final and initial momentum, which is p = mv.
Thus, the applied force can be calculated by F = Δp/Δt.
Plugging in the given values, the mass of the bouquet can be calculated as
m = F/a = (63.0 kg × (10.8 m/s - 10.01 m/s))/10.01 m/s² = 0.9 kg.
Therefore, the mass of the bouquet is 0.9 kg.
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Which statements describe properties of stars? Check all that apply.
The properties of stars are: mass, age, distance, metallicity (chemical composition), variability and motion through space.
What is star?An astronomical object known as a star is made up of a bright plasma spheroid that is held together by gravity. The Sun is the star that is closest to Earth.
Other stars are also visible at night with the unaided eye, but because to their great distances from Earth, they appear as stationary points of light. Many of the brightest stars have names, and the most notable stars have been grouped into constellations and asterisms.
Star catalogues have been put out by astronomers that list the known stars and offer standardized stellar labels.
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Answer: Stars produce energy through nuclear fusion.
Stars are massive objects composed of gas.
Stars are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium.
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Allen rides his bike at a constant speed around a circular track. If the radius of the track is 45.0 m and Allen's centripetal acceleration is 5.0 m/s2, what is his tangential speed?
Answer:
a = v2/r, for an object moving with a constant speed, v, around a circle of radius, r. We will also verify that the direction of the acceleration vector is toward the center of the circle.
substitute your numbers into the formula
5.0 = v2/45.0
then cross multiply to get your final answer
A car at rest with respect to a building can be in motion with respect to another observer. True/False. Please explain your answer
A student gathered two boxes of the same size made of different materials: glass and clear plastic. She placed them on a windowsill in the sun for an hour, and then measured the temperature of the air in each box. What is the temperature of the air in this experiment
According to the given statement The temperature of the air in this experiment is dependent variable.
What do you mean by a material?Material refers to a thing that something else is made out of. Material can also refer to cloth or can be used to describe something that is made of matter and exists in the physical world. Material has many other senses as a noun and an adjective.
What is an example of a material?A material is any substance that an object is made from. Glass, chalk, paper, wax, water, air, clay and plastic are all different materials. All materials are made up of matter.
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A vacuum tube diode consists of concentric cylindrical electrodes, the negative cathode and the positive anode. Because of the accumulation of charge near the cathode, the electric potential between the electrodes is not a linear function of the position, even with planar geometry, but is given by V(x) = Cx4/3 where x is the distance from the cathode and C is a constant, characteristic of a particular diode and operating conditions. Assume that the distance between the cathode and anode is 13. 6 mm and the potential difference between electrodes is 264 V.
(a) Determine the value of C. C = V/m4/3
(b) Obtain a formula for the electric field between the electrodes as a function of x. (Use your result from part(a). Use the following as necessary: x. ) Ex =_________.
(c) Determine the force on an electron when the electron is halfway between the electrodes. F = N
To determine the value of C, we can use the equation provided: V(x) = Cx^4/3, where x is the distance from the cathode. V(x) = C(13.6 mm)^4/3 = 264V. So, C = 264V / (13.6mm)^4/3
How do you obtain a formula for the electric field between the electrodes as a function of x?To obtain a formula for the electric field between the electrodes as a function of x, we can use the equation: Ex = -dV/dx
Substituting the equation for V(x) and the value of C obtained in part (a) into the equation:
Ex = -dV/dx = -(d/dx)(Cx^4/3) = -(4/3)Cx^(4/3)
How do you Determine the force on an electron?To determine the force on an electron when the electron is halfway between the electrodes, we can use the equation: F = qE
where q is the charge of the electron and E is the electric field at that point. Since the force on an electron is equal to the electric field multiplied by the charge of the electron, we can substitute the value of E obtained in part (b) and the charge of the electron, 1.6 x 10^-19 C, into the equation
F = qE = (1.6 x 10^-19 C) * (-(4/3)C
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What is the hypothesis of thermal energy transfer?
The heat transfer theory attempts to anticipate the energy transfer that may occur between material bodies as a result of temperature differential. Conduction, convection, and radiation are the three processes through which heat may be moved from one location to another.
Heat transfer is a thermal engineering subject that deals with the creation, consumption, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy (heat) across physical systems.
Heat transmission techniques include thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and energy transfer via phase shifts. To achieve heat transfer, engineers also address the transfer of mass of different chemical species (mass transfer in the form of advection), either cold or hot. While these processes have separate properties, they frequently occur in the same system at the same time.
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Select the correct answer. if you have a heat engine with a hot reservoir of 515 k and a cold reservoir of 190 k, what is the maximum possible thermal efficiency of the system?
a. 63.1%
b. 75.2%
c. 52.1%
d. 67.9%
The maximum possible thermal efficiency of the system is d. 67.9%.
By utilizing the physics of heat engines and Second Law of Thermodynamics, we can calculate that the maximum achievable efficiency of a heat engine with a hot reservoir at 515 k and a cold reservoir at 190 k is 67.9%.
This result serves as an upper limit for all practical engines, regardless of the specifics of their design or engineering capabilities.
Making this maximum efficiency is possible through improvements in technology and increased knowledge on thermodynamics and energy production.
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Answer: A.
63.1%
Explanation: edmentum
How electrostatic induction differ from charging by friction
Explanation:
Electrostatic is a force between two non-conductors
while
Friction oppose the relative motion between two surface or object.
Pls I need answer please find the attached file is scanned image in PDF format I am not sure if you have any questions or concerns please visit the plug-in settings to determine how attachments are u still ther I need/not needed
Answer:
A. 35 °C
Explanation:
You want to know which of the temperatures 5, 10, 15, or 35 °C is most favorable to mosquito breeding.
BreedingMosquitos are nonfunctional below 50 °F (10 °C), and are lethargic at 60 °F (15.6 °C). They prefer 29 °C, and their breeding falls off at higher and lower temperatures.
Of the temperature choices offered, mosquitos would breed fastest at 35 °C.
a boy pushes forward a cart of groceries with the total mass of 45kg. What is the acceleration of the cart if the net force on the cart is
If the net force on the cart is 66.0 N, the acceleration of the cart is 1.46 m/[tex]s^{2}[/tex] .
How do you calculate mass given acceleration and force?The formula used in the second law of motion to explain the connections between force, mass, and acceleration is Mass + acceleration equals force. F = ma Calculating force in Newtons (N), mass in kilograms (kg), and acceleration in meters per second squared (m/s2) may all be done using this formula.
It is show that,
Mass of cart, m = 45 kg
Net force acting on cart, F = 66 N
Let a represent the rate of acceleration of the cart being pushed. Using Newton's second rule of motion, it can be calculated as follows:
F = ma
a = F/m
a = 66 N/45 Kg
a = 1.46 m/[tex]s^{2}[/tex]
So, the acceleration of cart is = 1.46 m/[tex]s^{2}[/tex] .
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Jessica is riding on a Merry-go-round on an outer horse that sits a distance of 8.0m from the center of the ride. Jessica’s sister, Julie, is on an inner horse located 6.0m from the ride’s center. The Merry-go-round turns once every 40 s. Explain which girl is moving with the greater linear speed.
Jessica's linear speed is faster.
We must first define linear speed in order to respond to the query.
How fast is linear motion?This is the tangential speed of an item moving in a circle. Given by the formula v = r,
r is the object's distance from the circle's center, and is its angular speed.
Given that Julie, Jessica's sister, is riding an inner horse that is placed 6.0 meters from the center of the merry-go-round and Jessica is riding an outside horse that is 8.0 meters away from the center of the ride. The merry-go-round is also rotating at a consistent speed.
Given that v = r and = constant for linear motion,
So, v ∝ r.
Therefore, the girl who was farther away from the merry-go-center round's would move at a faster linear rate.
Since
Julie is at r, and Jessica is at r' = 8.0 m "= 6.0 m.
Since
r' = 8.0 m > r and v r "= 6.0 m,
Jessica's thus has a faster linear speed.
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Which of the following statements regarding heat is accurate? NEED ASAP
A small cart on a 5.0-m long air track moves with a speed of 0.75 m/s. Bumpers at either end of the track cause the cart to reverse direction and maintain the same speed. Find the period and frequency of this motion.
The frequency of the cart's motion for a distance of 10.0 meters is 0.075 Hz (Hertz), which means the cart completes 0.0775 round trips per second.
1) Period (T):
The period (T) is the time taken for one complete round trip. The cart travels from one end to the other and back in one round trip.
T = (distance/speed)
T = (10.0 / 0.75 )
T = 13.33 seconds
So, the period of the cart's motion for a distance of 10.0 meters is approximately 13.33 seconds.
2) Frequency (f):
The frequency (f) is the number of complete round trips per unit time. It is the reciprocal of the period.
f = 1 / T
f = 1 / 13.33
f = 0.075 Hz
So, the frequency of the cart's motion for a distance of 10.0 meters is approximately 0.075 Hz (Hertz), which means the cart completes approximately 0.0775 round trips per second.
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two students are sitting next to each other on chairs with wheels. They push each other and separate in opposite directions. The student with a mass of 48 kg moves to the left with a velocity of 1.8 m/s. How fast and in what direction does the other student with a 59-kg mass move?
The student with a 59-kg mass moves to the right with a velocity of 1.46 m/s.
What is law of conservation of momentum?According to the law of conservation of momentum, The overall momentum of two or more bodies acting on one another in an isolated system stays constant unless an external force is introduced.
The student with a mass of 48 kg moves to the left with a velocity of 1.8 m/s.
Let the student with a mass of 59 kg moves to the left with a velocity of v m/s.
As no external force applied,
48 kg × 1.8 m/s + 59 kg × v = 0
v = - 1.8 × (48/59) m/s
= - 1.46 m/s.
Hence, the velocity of the second bay is 1.46 m/s in right direct.
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A grocery shopper tosses a(n) 9.0 kg bag of rice into a stationary 19.1 kg grocery cart. The bag hits the cart with a horizontal speed of 6.7 m/s toward the front of the cart. What is the final speed of the cart and bag
The speed with which the cart and bag move after the collision is equal to 2.14 m/s.
Given the following data:
Mass of bag = 9.0 kg
Speed of bag = 6.7 m/s
Mass of cart = 19.1 kg
Speed of cart = 0 m/s (since it is initially at rest or stationary).
To calculate the final speed with which the cart and bag move after the collision:
Applying the law of conservation of momentum, the collision between the cart and bag is given by the formula:
Where:
M is the mass.
V is the velocity.
Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;
9.0 × 6.7 + 19.1 × 0 = Vf (9+19.1)
60.3 = vf (28.1)
vf = 60.3/28.1
vf = 2.14 m / s
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2. An airboat with mass 3.50 x 102 kg, including the passenger, has an engine that produces a net horizontal force of 7.70 x 102 N, after accounting for forces resistance. a. Find the acceleration of the airboat b. Starting from rest, how long does it take the airboat to reach a speed of 12.0 m/s2
The acceleration of the airboat which has a mass of 350 kg is 2.2 m/s²
The time the airboat takes to reach the speed of 12 m/s is 5.45 seconds
The mass of the airboat = 350 kg
The net horizontal force of the airboat = 770 N
The acceleration of the airboat can be found using the formula,
F = ma
where F is the force
m is the mass
a is the acceleration
Let us rearrange the above equation, we get
a = F/m
Let us substitute the known values in the above equation, we get
a = 770 / 350
= 2.2 m/s²
The time taken to reach the speed of 12 m/s is
a = v/t
where a is the acceleration
v is the velocity
t is the time taken
Let us rearrange the equation, we get
t = v/a
Let us substitute the known values in the above equation, we get
t = 12 / 2.2
= 5.45 seconds
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A long string is stretched and its left end is oscillated upward and downward. Two points on the string are labeled A and B. Points A and B are indicated on the string. Orient the two vectors, vA-> and vB-> to correctly represent the direction of the wave velocity at points A and B. rotate the given vectors to indicate the direction of the wave velocity at the indicated points. (Please draw a picture of the end result)
A lengthy string is simple to stretch. The string's two designated spots, A and B, should be at an angle of 90 degrees with the same magnitude, and B should be at an angle of 270 degrees with the same magnitude.
Angle magnitude definition
This is referred to as the amount of rotation that is believed to have been applied to one of the arms' vertex in order to produce a specific position for the other.
It is well known that equal vectors have the same magnitude and direction. When the magnitude and direction of two vectors are the same, they are said to be equal.
|v|=a2+b2 yields the magnitude. Depending on the application, the direction is equal to the angle made with the x-axis or the y-axis.
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In fact, in the absence of air resistance, the amount of ____ energy when the ball is held motionless above the floor equals the amount of ____ energy at impact with the floor.
the following blanks are gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy
Gravitational potential energy is the energy that an object has due to its position in a gravitational field.It is given by the equation Ep = mgh, where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height of the object above a reference point. Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses by virtue of its motion. It is given by the equation Ek = 1/2mv^2, where m is the mass of the object and v is its velocity.
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he cars mass was only 111 kg. Suppose two of these cars are used in a stunt crash for an action film. If one car's initial velocity is 9.00 m/s to the right and the other car's velocity is 5.00 m/s to the left, how much kinetic energy is discinated in the crash
In the crash 5883 Joule kinetic energy is discinated when two of these cars are used in a stunt crash for an action film.
How do you use start kinetic energy to calculate end kinetic energy?Final kinetic energy (KE) is equal to 1/2 m1v'12 + 1/2 m2v'22 , or joules. The end kinetic energy for common things will be lower than the starting point. The only way you can increase kinetic energy is if the impact causes an energy release of some type.
How can total kinetic energy be calculated?As a result, the kinetic energy equation states that it is equal to 1/2 the object's mass times the magnitude of its velocity squared, or speed squared.
Initial kinetic energy KE,
[tex]KE=1/2 m_1v_1^2 + 1/2 m_2v_2^2[/tex]
[tex]KE=1/2 (111)(9.00)^2 + 1/2 (111)(5.00)^2[/tex]
[tex]KE= 4495.5+1387.5[/tex]
[tex]KE= 5883J[/tex]
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Body of an earthworm is divided into rings/ metamers. It moves with the help of two muscles: longitudinal and circular muscles. Which of the following activity is done by earthworm during its movement?
(OPTIONs)
→ Swallow the soil it moves
→ Grip the soil firmly at one end
→ Make the soil moist and slippery
→ Break the soil into smaller particles
Swallow the soil it moves and Break the soil into smaller particles.
What is movement in earthworm?They don't have bones or other fixed features that might restrict their movement. The body of an earthworm is segmented. Earthworms use the setae, or tiny bristles, that are present on each segment, to assist them hold the dirt as they travel.
An earthworm uses two distinct sets of muscles to move. Longitudinal muscles run the length of the body, while circular muscles loop around each segment. The earthworm extends as a result of the circular muscles contracting, growing longer and thinner.
The earthworm embeds the front of its body in the dirt using its setae. The earthworm now contracts its longitudinal muscles, either making it shorter and wider.
Therefore, Swallow the soil it moves and Break the soil into smaller particles.
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a person who believes that nothing is known or can be known of the existence or nature of God or of anything beyond material phenomena; a person who claims neither faith nor disbelief in God.