The least energetic spectral line in the infrared series of an atom is n = 3. The energy of the electron in the n = 3 state is -1.51 x 10⁻¹⁹ J.
The formula used to calculate wavelength of a photon is given as:
λ = c / ν
where
c = the speed of light = 2.998 × 10⁸ m/sν = the frequency of the photon
The frequency of the photon absorbed for a transition of an electron from the n = 3 state is given by:
ΔE = E_final - E_initial
where
ΔE = the energy absorbed
E_final = the energy of the final stateE_initial = the energy of the initial stateThe energy of the electron in the n = 2 state is -3.40 x 10⁻¹⁹ J.
these values, we can calculate the energy of the absorbed photon.
ΔE = -1.51 × 10⁻¹⁹ J - (-3.40 × 10⁻¹⁹ J)ΔE = 1.89 × 10⁻¹⁹ J
The frequency of the photon is given by:
ΔE = hν
Where
h = Planck's constant = 6.63 x 10⁻³⁴ J·sν = the frequency of the photonν = ΔE / hν = 1.89 × 10⁻¹⁹ J / (6.63 x 10⁻³⁴ J·s)
ν = 2.85 x 10¹⁴ Hz
The wavelength of the photon is given by:
λ = c / νλ = 2.998 × 10⁸ m/s / 2.85 x 10¹⁴ Hzλ = 1.05 × 10⁻⁶ m
Therefore, the wavelength of the photon absorbed for a transition of an electron from the n = 3 state that results in the least energetic spectral line in the infrared series of the atom is 1.05 × 10⁻⁶ m (rounding to significant figures).
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The partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is digits. the partial 0.210 atm. Calculate the partial pressure in mm Hg and torr. Round each of your answers to 3 significant digits____mm Hg ____torr
The partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is 0.210 atm.
Therefore, the partial pressure of oxygen in mm Hg is 0.210 atm x 760 = 158.6 mm Hg and the partial pressure of oxygen in torr is 0.210 atm x 760/101.325 = 1.55 torr.
The air in the atmosphere is composed of many different gases. The most common of these gases is nitrogen, which makes up 78% of the atmosphere.
Oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere, and the other gases make up 1%. The atmospheric pressure is the pressure created by the weight of the gases in the atmosphere.
The atmospheric pressure is measured in units of atmospheres (atm). The atmospheric pressure at sea level is usually around 1 atm, which is equal to 760 mm Hg and 101.325 torr.
This is the same pressure that you feel when you take a breath of air.
The partial pressure of a gas is the amount of pressure exerted by that gas alone, as opposed to the total atmospheric pressure. The partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is 0.210 atm.
This means that, out of the total atmospheric pressure of 1 atm, 0.210 atm of the pressure is from oxygen.
Partial pressure is often measured in units of mm Hg or torr. To convert from atm to mm Hg, the value is multiplied by 760.
Therefore, the partial pressure of oxygen in mm Hg is 0.210 atm x 760 = 158.6 mm Hg and the partial pressure of oxygen in torr is 0.210 atm x 760/101.325 = 1.55 torr.
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100 grams of water at 95°C are saturated with potassium nitrate. If this solution is cooled to 35°C, how much of the solid will precipitate (change from the dissolved state to the solid state)?
To solve this problem, we need to use the concept of solubility and saturation. Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature.
How much of the solid will precipitate (change from the dissolved state to the solid state)?The first step is to determine the solubility of potassium nitrate at 95°C and 35°C. According to the solubility chart, the solubility of potassium nitrate is 247 g/L at 95°C and 32 g/L at 35°C.
Next, we need to calculate how much potassium nitrate is dissolved in the 100 grams of water at 95°C. The solubility of potassium nitrate at 95°C is 247 g/L, so in 100 grams of water, we can dissolve:
(247 g/L) x (100 g / 1000 mL) = 24.7 g of potassium nitrate
Therefore, we have a saturated solution of potassium nitrate with 24.7 grams of potassium nitrate dissolved in 100 grams of water.
When the solution is cooled to 35°C, the solubility of potassium nitrate decreases to 32 g/L. Since we have more than 32 grams of potassium nitrate dissolved in the solution, the excess will precipitate out of the solution. The amount of potassium nitrate that will precipitate can be calculated by subtracting the solubility at 35°C from the initial concentration:
24.7 g - (32 g/L) x (100 g / 1000 mL) = 18.3 g
Therefore, 18.3 grams of potassium nitrate will precipitate out of the solution when it is cooled from 95°C to 35°C.
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carbon monoxide is an odorless, colorless gas that is a byproduct of combustion, found in car exhaust, fumes from natural gas heaters, outdoor grills and sometimes, faulty home heating systems. levels near 100 parts per million (ppm) are quite toxic and this gas can be lethal. the toxic effects to humans are largely two fold, 1) [ select ] , and 2) [ select ] . carbon monoxide is but one of many toxins affecting oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport in the mitochondria, prominent others include [ select ] . uncoupling with regard to oxidative phosphorylation refers to mechanisms to [ select ] . uncoupling produces heat, and this mechanism is found in animals to generate heat during hibernation and long periods without food intake. molecules blocking atp synthase function, such as oligomycin, produce [ select ] .
Carbon monoxide is an odorless, colorless gas that is a byproduct of combustion, found in car exhaust, fumes from natural gas heaters, outdoor grills and sometimes, faulty home heating systems. Levels near 100 parts per million (ppm) are quite toxic and this gas can be lethal.
The toxic effects to humans are largely two fold: 1) it can bind to hemoglobin in the red blood cells, leading to hypoxia, and 2) it can affect oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport in the mitochondria.
Carbon monoxide is but one of many toxins affecting oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport in the mitochondria, prominent others include cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide.
Uncoupling with regard to oxidative phosphorylation refers to mechanisms to dissipate the proton gradient, without producing ATP.
Uncoupling produces heat, and this mechanism is found in animals to generate heat during hibernation and long periods without food intake. Molecules blocking ATP synthase function, such as oligomycin, produce a decrease in the production of ATP.
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one of the routes to produce ethyl chloride is by the gas-phase reaction of hcl with ethylene over a copper chloride catalyst supported on silica.T/F
True. Ethyl chloride is produced by the gas-phase reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with ethylene over a copper chloride catalyst supported on silica.
Ethyl chloride is a colorless gas that is used in a variety of chemical processes. Ethyl chloride is most commonly used as an inhalational anesthetic during surgery.
It's also utilized in the production of plastics and chemicals, as well as a solvent in some industrial processes. When exposed to sunlight or heat, ethyl chloride is combustible, and it is harmful to human health if breathed in.
Thus, the statement is true, Ethyl chloride is produced by the gas-phase reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with ethylene over a copper chloride catalyst supported on silica.
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a semipermeable membrane is placed between the following solutions. which solution will decrease in volume? view available hint(s)for part a a semipermeable membrane is placed between the following solutions.which solution will decrease in volume? solution a: 1.4% (m/v) starch solution b: 7.62% (m/v) starch
The solution that will decrease in volume when a semipermeable membrane is placed between the following solutions of 1.4% (m/v) starch and 7.62% (m/v) starch is the first one, solution A.
A semipermeable membrane is a kind of selective barrier that lets certain molecules cross while preventing others from crossing. It is a membrane that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion, typically by osmosis.
When a semipermeable membrane is placed between the solutions of 1.4% (m/v) starch and 7.62% (m/v) starch, solution A will decrease in volume while solution B will increase in volume.
Because the 1.4% (m/v) starch solution is less concentrated, it contains a greater amount of water, which means that it will swell when placed next to the more concentrated 7.62% (m/v) starch solution. However, due to the semipermeable membrane, only the water molecules from the 1.4% (m/v) starch solution can pass through the membrane into the more concentrated 7.62% (m/v) starch solution.
As a result, water will be transferred from solution A to solution B, causing solution A to decrease in volume while solution B to increase in volume.
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A container of nitrogen gas contains 0.55 mol at 8.0 atm and 45C, and it has a volume of 2.0L. What volume will 1.20 mol of nitrogen have at 7.0 atm and 45C?
A 0.45L
B 4.5L
C 9.5L
D 0.95L
Answer:
B - 4.5 L.
Explanation:
Took the test.
a 3-year-old child is drawing with a pen and calls it a pencil. when she tries to erase her drawing, she becomes confused about why it is not erasing. this new piece of information does not fit with her current understanding about what a pencil is and leads to . select one: a. equilibrium b. disequilibrium
A) Equilibrium
The 3-year-old child is experiencing disequilibrium when she tries to erase her drawing with a pen and it does not erase. This is because her current understanding of a pencil does not fit with the new piece of information that it does not erase. Equilibrium occurs when a person is able to process new information and integrate it into their current understanding.
According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, the process by which a child's existing ideas are disrupted is called disequilibrium, which is option B.
What is cognitive development theory?
Cognitive development theory is a comprehensive theory that explains how children learn and acquire knowledge. This theory was created by psychologist Jean Piaget, who believed that cognitive growth is a gradual and ongoing process. According to Piaget, cognitive development refers to the gradual progression of thought processes, including problem-solving, attention, perception, and memory, that arise from biological development and environmental interaction. The process by which a child's existing ideas are disrupted is called disequilibrium. According to Piaget, when new information is discovered that does not fit into a person's existing schema, he or she may become disoriented or confused. This is referred to as disequilibrium. As a result, the person is compelled to adjust or adapt their schema to accommodate the new information. When this is accomplished, the person returns to a state of equilibrium. In the situation mentioned above, the child has a mental picture of what a pencil is in her head, but the pen does not meet her expectations. The child is thrown into a state of disequilibrium as a result of this confusion. The child may need to revise her schema in order to include pens. She will then restore her equilibrium once she has completed the revision process.
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what product is finally formed when the initial compound formed from cyclohexanone and morpholine is mixed with methyl iodide and that product is heated and then hydrolyzed
When the initial compound formed from cyclohexanone and morpholine is mixed with methyl iodide and heated and then hydrolyzed, the product that is finally formed is N-Methylaminoethylcyclohexanone.
The reaction between cyclohexanone and morpholine in the presence of an acid catalyst produces a cyclic imine named N-morpholino-cyclohexanone, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of several drugs. It reacts with methyl iodide and potassium carbonate in methanol to form N-methylaminoethylcyclohexanone, which upon hydrolysis produces the final product, N-methylaminoethylcyclohexanone. This reaction is an example of the Mannich reaction.N-methylaminoethylcyclohexanone is a synthetic intermediate and a building block for the synthesis of various drugs. It's commonly used as an intermediate in the synthesis of sedatives and analgesics. It's also used in the synthesis of ephedrine analogs and the anticancer agent 2-[2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)ethyl]aminoethylcyclohexanone.
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HOW MANY LITERS OF H2 DO YOU HAVE IF YOU START WITH 1.5 MOLES OF H2?
If you started with 1.5 moles of H2 at STP, you would have approximately 33.6 liters of volume of hydrogen (H₂) gas.
What is the volume of the hydrogen gas at STP?
To determine the number of liters of H2 you have, we need to consider the conditions under which the gas is being held (i.e. temperature and pressure), as well as the molar volume of H2 at those conditions.
At standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is 0°C (273.15 K) and 1 atm (101.325 kPa), the molar volume of any ideal gas is approximately 22.4 L/mol.
Therefore, at STP, 1.5 moles of H₂ would occupy approximately:
V = n x Vm = 1.5 mol x 22.4 L/mol = 33.6 L
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The complete question is below:
HOW MANY LITERS OF H2 DO YOU HAVE IF YOU START WITH 1.5 MOLES OF H2? (assume STP condition)
what is the [H3O+] and the pH of a buffer that consists of 0.41 M HNO2 and 0.66 M KNO2? (Ka of HNO2=7.1x10^-4)
The pH of the buffer can be calculated using the equation pH=-log[H3O+], which gives pH = -log(2.9x10^-4) = 3.54.
PH is the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution, expressed in base 10 as the negative logarithm of the H ion concentration.
The [H3O+] and pH of a buffer that consists of 0.41 M HNO2 and 0.66 M KNO2 can be calculated using the Ka value of HNO2, which is 7.1x10^-4.
The [H3O+] is equal to the concentration of the acidic component (HNO2) times Ka, so [H3O+]= 0.41 M * 7.1x10^-4 = 2.9x10^-4 M.
The pH of the buffer can be calculated using the equation pH=-log[H3O+], which gives pH = -log(2.9x10^-4) = 3.54.
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what is the effect of changing the...nature of the halide?nature of the solvent?relative concentrations of the reactants?temperature of the reaction?nature of the nucleophile?
Changing the nature of the halide, the nature of the solvent, the relative concentrations of the reactants, altering the temperature, and the nature of the nucleophile will affect the reaction rate.
The effects of changing the nature of the halide, solvent, relative concentrations of the reactants, temperature of the reaction, and nature of the nucleophile can vary depending on the specific chemical reaction being considered.
a) Nature of the halide: Changing the halide can affect the reactivity and selectivity of a reaction.
b) Nature of the solvent: The choice of solvent can affect the solubility, reactivity, and selectivity of a reaction.
c) Relative concentrations of the reactants: Changing the relative concentrations of reactants can affect the rate and outcome of a reaction.
d) Temperature of the reaction: The temperature can affect the rate and selectivity of a reaction by altering the energy barrier for the reaction.
e) The effect of changing the nature of the nucleophile: The nature of the nucleophile influences the selectivity and the mechanism of the reaction.
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how many grams of sucrose, c12h22o11, must be added to 500 g of water at 100c to change the vapor pressure to 752 mmhg?
To change the vapor pressure to 752 mmHg, 27.8 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) must be added to 500 g of water at 100C.
Vapor pressure of a solution is affected by the presence of solutes in the solution. The relationship between vapor pressure lowering and concentration of a non-volatile solute in a solvent is described by Raoult's law.
It states that the vapor pressure of a solution is equal to the mole fraction of the solvent multiplied by the vapor pressure of the pure solvent, P₀. Hence, Pᵥ = P₀ x Xw
where, Pᵥ = vapor pressure of the solution Xw = mole fraction of the solvent P₀ = vapor pressure of the pure solvent
Therefore, P₀ - Pᵥ = P₀ x (1 - Xw)
This equation can be used to calculate the vapor pressure lowering of a solution relative to the pure solvent. By definition, the mole fraction of the solvent is given by
Xw = number of moles of solvent / total number of moles of solute and solvent.
Since we assume that the volume of the solution is 500 g of water + m g of sucrose, where m is the mass of sucrose, we can write
0.752 atm x 760 mmHg / atm = P₀ x (500 g / (500 g + m))
m= 27.8g
Therefore, we have m = 27.8 g of sucrose.
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What orbitals overlap to form a N-H bond in a NH3 molecule? 1. An sp2 orbital in N overlaps with the sp orbitals in H to form the N-H bond. 2. An sp3 orbital in N overlaps with the s orbital in H to form the N-H bond. 3. An sp3 orbital in N overlaps with the sp2 orbitals in H to form the N-H bond. 4. An sp2 orbital in N overlaps with the s orbital in H to form the N-H bond.
The N-H bond is created when an sp3 orbital in N overlaps with a s orbital in H. The right response is number two. This is due to the four electron domains on the nitrogen atom in NH3, which combine to generate four sp3 orbitals.
The N-H bond is created when an sp3 orbital in N crosses a s orbital in H.
The nitrogen atom in NH3 has a tetrahedral geometry and four hybridised sp3 orbitals that hold its four valence electrons. The valence electron of a hydrogen atom is located in a s orbital. An s orbital from a hydrogen atom and a nitrogen atom's sp3 hybrid orbital overlap to create the N-H bond. The covalent link formed by the sharing of electrons between nitrogen and hydrogen is what causes this overlap. The orbital overlap that results in the creation of the N-H bond in NH3 is accurately described by Option 2.
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which chemical does the brain produce that makes people feel good when they exercise?
The chemical that the brain produce that makes people feel good when they exercise is dopamine and endorphins.
What are endorphins?Endorphins are any of a group of peptide hormones found in the brain that act as neurotransmitters and have properties similar to morphine.
A neurotransmitter is any substance, such as acetylcholine or dopamine, responsible for sending nerve signals across a synapse between two neurons.
When you exercise, your body releases chemicals such as dopamine and endorphins in your brain that make you feel happy.
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Nitrogen combines with oxygen in the atmosphere during lightning flashes to form nitrogen monoxide, NO, which then reacts further with O2 to produce nitrogen dioxide, NO2. (a) What mass of NO2 is formed when NO reacts with 364 g O2? __ g (b) How many grams of NO are required to react with this amount of O2?
(a) 1046.5 g of NO₂ is formed when NO reacts with 364 g of O₂.
(b) 682.5g of NO is required to react with 364 g of O₂.
(a)The balanced chemical equation for the formation of nitrogen dioxide is given below:
2NO + O₂ → 2NO₂
We have been given the mass of oxygen, and we have to calculate the mass of nitrogen dioxide formed. Using stoichiometry:
Amount of NO₂ produced =2 x Amount of O₂ used
The molecular mass of NO₂ = 46 g/mol
The molecular mass of O₂ = 32 g/mol
Number of moles of O₂ = 364 g / 32 g/mol = 11.375 mol
From the balanced chemical equation:
1 mole O₂ produces 2 moles of NO₂
So, 11.375 moles O₂ will produce 11.375 x 2 = 22.75 moles of NO₂
Amount of NO₂ produced
= Number of moles × Molecular mass
=22.75 mol × 46 g/mol= 1046.5 g
Thus, 1046.5 g of NO₂ is formed when NO reacts with 364 g of O₂.
(b)From the balanced chemical equation:
2 moles of NO requires 1 mole of O₂ or 1 mole of O₂ needs 2 mole of NO₂
11.375 moles of O₂ will need = 11.375 x 2 = 22.75 moles of NO
Amount of NO required = Number of moles × Molecular mass= 22.75 mol × 30 g/mol= 682.5 g
Thus, 682.5g of NO is required to react with 364 g of O₂.
Therefore, 364g of O₂ will require 682.5g of NO and will produce 1046.5 g of NO₂.
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If limestone is not lined with firebrick explain what would happen
This is because limestone is a relatively soft and porous rock that is not able to withstand extreme temperatures and rapid changes in temperature that occur during calcination.
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed mostly of calcium carbonate, which is a mineral that forms from the accumulation of skeletal remains of marine organisms such as coral and shells. It is one of the most common types of rocks on Earth and is found in a variety of colors, including white, gray, and beige.
Limestone is formed in shallow marine environments and can be found in various geological formations, including reefs, cliffs, and caves. It is often used as a building material because it is relatively easy to work with and has a natural beauty that can add to the aesthetic value of a structure. Limestone is also used in a variety of other applications, including as a raw material in the production of cement, as a soil conditioner in agriculture, and as a component in industrial processes such as steelmaking.
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If breaking bonds requires energy IN, or takes energy, what mathematical function (+, −, ×, ÷) should we use to represent this process in a computational model?
Answer:
The mathematical function that represents breaking bonds requiring energy in a computational model is the addition symbol (+).
Breaking a bond requires the input of energy, which means that energy is being added to the system. Therefore, the energy required to break a bond can be represented as a positive value, which is added to the total energy of the system. For example, if the energy required to break a bond is 10 joules, and the initial energy of the system is 100 joules, the total energy after the bond is broken would be 110 joules.
On the other hand, when forming bonds, energy is typically released or given off by the system. This means that the energy required for bond formation can be represented by a negative value, which would be subtracted from the total energy of the system.
Explanation:
what happens to nitrogen during the process of denitrification?
Denitrification is the process by which nitrates and nitrites in the environment are reduced to nitrogen gas ([tex]N_2[/tex]) by removing and returning bioavailable nitrogen to the atmosphere.
Denitrification is a natural process that occurs in the environment and is primarily carried out by certain types of bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Thiobacillus, and Clostridium. During this process, the bacteria break down nitrates and nitrites into nitrogen gas using a series of oxidation-reduction reactions. The nitrates and nitrites are first converted to nitric oxide ([tex]NO[/tex]) and nitrous oxide ([tex]N_2O[/tex]) gases which are then converted to nitrogen gas, which is released into the atmosphere. This process is important in the nitrogen cycle and is essential for the removal of nitrogen from the environment.
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describe the different roles of electrons in the formation of ions in lithium chloride and covalent bonds in hydrogen chloride
Lithium Chloride: Lithium Chloride is an ionic compound, which means that the atoms are held together by electrostatic forces.
Roles of electrons in the formation of ions in lithium chloride and covalent bondsThe electrons in the outermost shell of the lithium atom are transferred to the chlorine atom, resulting in the formation of an ionic bond between the two atoms. The electrons that are transferred become part of the chlorine ion's electron cloud, giving it a negative charge.
The lithium atom now has fewer electrons than protons, giving it a positive charge and forming a Li+ ion. The chlorine atom now has more electrons than protons, giving it a negative charge and forming a Cl- ion.
Hydrogen Chloride: Hydrogen Chloride is a covalent compound, which means that the atoms are held together by sharing electrons. In the case of hydrogen chloride, the hydrogen atom shares its electron with the chlorine atom, resulting in the formation of a covalent bond between the two atoms. The shared electron is part of both the hydrogen and chlorine atom's electron clouds, forming a neutral H-Cl molecule.
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comparing rates of change comparing midpoint and equivalence point which of the following statements is the correct comparison of the midpoint and equivalence point rates of change of ph ph as a function of volume and its consequence for the careful determination of ph ph: the rate of change of ph ph vs. volume is greater at the midpoint than it is at the equivalence point leading to a greater uncertainty in the measurement of ph ph at the midpoint than at the equivalence point. the rate of change of ph ph vs. volume is greater at the equivalence point than it is at the midpoint leading to greater uncertainty in the measurement of ph ph at the equivalence point. the rate of change of ph ph vs. volume is greater at the midpoint than it is at the equivalence point leading to a greater uncertainty in the measurement of ph ph at the equivalence point than at the midpoint. the rate of change of ph ph vs. volume is greater at the equivalence point than it is at the midpoint leading to a greater uncertainty in the measurement of ph ph at the midpoint than at the equivalence point.
The following statement is the correct comparison of the midpoint and equivalence point rates of change of pH as a function of volume and its consequence for the careful determination of pH:
The rate of change of pH vs. volume is greater at the equivalence point than it is at the midpoint leading to a greater uncertainty in the measurement of pH at the equivalence point than at the midpoint.
Midpoint- It is the point in the titration where half the analyte has been neutralized by the titrant. This point lies at the middle of start point and equivalence point.
Equivalence point- An equivalence point is the point at which the two reactants are present in stoichiometric amounts in a chemical reaction. During an acid-base titration, the equivalence point is reached when the number of moles of the acid equals the number of moles of the base. When an acid is titrated with a base, the solution's pH begins low and rises rapidly, indicating the formation of the conjugate base. The pH rises quickly at first and then slows as the solution approaches the equivalence point. After the equivalence point, adding more base has a much smaller effect on the pH.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
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Question 16: June 2019 CR
6 Poly(chloroethene) is a polymer.
It is made from its monomer, chloroethene.
(a) Chloroethene has the percentage composition by mass
C= 38.4% H = 4.8%
Cl=56.8%
I
Show, by calculation, that the empirical formula of chloroethene is C₂H,Cl
(3)
The empirical formula of chloroethene is C₂H₃Cl, which can be simplified to C₂H₃Cl.
What is empirical formula?The probably the easiest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound is an empirical formula. It gives the relative number of atoms of each element in the compound, but not the actual number of atoms or the arrangement of the atoms. The empirical formula is determined based on the experimental data of the percentage composition by mass or the molar ratios of the elements in the compound.
To find the empirical formula of chloroethene, we need to determine the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms present in the compound.
Let's assume we have a 100 g sample of chloroethene. Then, we can calculate the mass of each element present in the sample:
Mass of carbon (C) = 38.4 g
Mass of hydrogen (H) = 4.8 g
Mass of chlorine (Cl) = 56.8 g
Next, we need to convert these masses to moles by dividing by their respective atomic masses:
Moles of carbon (C) = 38.4 g / 12.01 g/mol = 3.196 mol
Moles of hydrogen (H) = 4.8 g / 1.01 g/mol = 4.752 mol
Moles of chlorine (Cl) = 56.8 g / 35.45 g/mol = 1.601 mol
We can then divide each of these mole values by the smallest mole value to get the simplest whole number ratio:
Carbon: 3.196 mol / 1.601 mol = 1.998 ≈ 2
Hydrogen: 4.752 mol / 1.601 mol = 2.969 ≈ 3
Chlorine: 1.601 mol / 1.601 mol = 1
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which changes are evidence of a chemical reaction?
Precipitate production, gas evolution, heat release or absorption, a change in colour or odour, and the creation of a new material are all examples of chemical reaction evidence.
Atoms can rearrange themselves or new chemical connections can be created during a chemical reaction. One or more of the observable indicators listed below are typically present along with these changes:
Precipitate formation: A precipitate is a solid that develops from a chemical reaction in a solution. It is an obvious sign that a chemical reaction has occurred. Gas evolution: A chemical reaction can be detected by the emergence of gas bubbles, effervescence, or foaming. Heat production or absorption might indicate a chemical reaction by changing the temperature. Although an endothermic process takes in heat, an exothermic reaction releases heat. A change in colour or smell is frequently an indication of a chemical reaction. development of a brand-new substance A new substance or substances are created as a result of a chemical reaction that are chemically different from the original substance (s). Any of these symptoms will exist if a chemical reaction has taken place. However, because some reactions may be sluggish or fail to create any noticeable changes, the absence of these indicators does not always imply that a reaction has not taken place.
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Calculate Hrxn for the reaction on the right. 2H2(g)+O2(g)-->2H2O(g)
Hrxn=
o 0. 00kJ
o 483. 64kJ
o -483. 64 kJ
o -967. 28 kJ
This reaction is
o endothermic
o exothermic
Using the bond dissociation energy approach, which entails deducting the total energy released when the bonds form in the products from the total energy released when the bonds are broken in the reactants, we may get the enthalpy change (H) for the given reaction.
The reaction's chemically balanced equation is as follows:
O2 (g) + 2H2(g) = 2H2O (g)
For the reaction, we may utilise the following bond dissociation energies (in kJ/mol):
436 kJ/mol H-H bond (reactant)
498 kJ/mol O=O bond (reactant)
463 kJ/mol H-O bond (product)
The energy needed to break the bonds in the reactants and the energy released when the bonds form in the products may both be calculated using these values::
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What volume of air is present in human lungs if 0.19 mol are present at 312K and 1.3 atm?
A 0.066L
B 2.9L
C 5.5L
D 3.7L
Answer:
D - 3.7 L.
Explanation:
Took the test.
true/ false: the main form of ketones present in the blood is called acetoacetate (select one word answer only please)
The sentence "The main form of ketones present in the blood is called acetoacetate" is True.
Acetoacetate is one of the three ketone bodies produced in the human liver. The other two ketones are beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetone.
What are ketones? Ketones are substances that are formed when the body breaks down fat for energy when glucose, which is the body's main source of energy, is scarce.
The liver synthesizes ketones from fats as a backup source of fuel when the body runs out of glucose.
A high concentration of ketones in the bloodstream is known as ketosis, and it can occur when a person is fasting, dieting, or has uncontrolled diabetes.
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how many grams would be in a 2.7 mol sample of co2?
A 2.7 mol sample of CO2 contains 44.0 grams of CO2. This is because 1 mol of CO2 has a molar mass of 44.01 g/mol.
Therefore, the calculation would be 2.7 mol x 44.01 g/mol = 44.0 grams of CO2. To find the answer, we need to calculate the molar mass of CO2 first. This can be done by adding up the atomic weights of the atoms present in a molecule of CO2, which is one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. The atomic weight of carbon is 12.01 g/mol and the atomic weight of oxygen is 15.99 g/mol. Therefore, the molar mass of CO2 is 12.01 + 15.99 + 15.99 = 44.01 g/mol.
To calculate the grams of CO2 in the sample, we need to multiply the molar mass of CO2 (44.01 g/mol) with the amount of moles of CO2 in the sample, which is 2.7 mol. Therefore, the calculation will be 2.7 mol x 44.01 g/mol = 44.0 grams of CO2.
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an ideal gas undergoes an isothermal expansion from state a to state b. in this process O Q> 0, AU = 0, W <0. O Q> 0, AU = 0,W > 0. O Q=0, AU > 0,W >0. O Q=0, AU <0,W<0 O Q = 0, AU = 0,W > 0.
In an isothermal expansion, option A Q> 0, AU = 0,W <0 marks the correct choice, where Q denotes the heat added, AU denotes the inertial energy change, and W is the work done.
In an isothermal expansion process of an ideal gas from state A to state B, the internal energy change (AU) is zero because the temperature remains constant. The work done (W) by the gas is negative because it loses energy in expanding against an external pressure. The heat added (Q) to the gas is positive because it absorbs energy from its surroundings to maintain its temperature constant.
While the system's temperature remains constant, isothermal expansion is a thermodynamic process that increases volume or decreases pressure. When isothermal expansion occurs in an ideal gas, T = 0, or no change in temperature, occurs. As the system performs it, the work done in an isothermal expansion is beneficial.
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Complete question is:
An ideal gas undergoes an isothermal expansion from state a to state b. In this process:
A. Q> 0, AU = 0, W <0.
B. Q> 0, AU = 0,W > 0.
C. Q=0, AU > 0,W >0.
D. Q=0, AU <0,W<0
E. Q = 0, AU = 0,W > 0
A Read each question carefully. Write your response in the space provided for each part of each question. Answers must be written out in paragraph form. Outlines, bulleted lists, or diagrams alone are not acceptable and will not be scored. Scientists are testing substance L to determine how it enters mammalian cells in a culture. The cells maintain a 120 millimolar (mM) intracellular concentration of substance L. The scientists determined the rate of entry of substance L into the cells at various external concentrations of substance L (10 to 100 mM) in culture medium (Table 1). Table 1. Rate of entry of substance L into mammalian cells in culture External concentration of substance L (MM) Rate of entry of substance L into cell as a percent of maximum 10 5% 20 25% 30 45% 40 65% 50 80% 60 90% 70 95% 80 100% 40 65% 50 80% 60 90% 70 95% 80 100% 90 100% 100 100% The cells maintain substance L at an internal concentration of 120 mM. (a) Identify the most likely mode of transport across the membrane for substance L. Explain how information provided helps determine the most likely mode of transport. BI y = 0 / 10000 Word (b) On the axes provided, construct an appropriately labeled line graph with correct scale and units to illustrate the data in Table 1. (b) On the axes provided, construct an appropriately labeled line graph with correct scale and units to illustrate the data in Table 1. 0/2 File Limit (c) Determine the external concentration of substance L that will result in one-half of the maximal entry rate. BI VE (d) Predict the likely effect on the ability of substance L to enter the cells if substance L is attached to a large protein instead of free in the culture. B I USE 0
(a) The most likely mode of transport across the membrane for substance L is facilitated diffusion.
What is transport?Transport is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. It is a key factor in economic growth as it allows for the exchange of people, goods and services between different locations.
This can be determined from the data in Table 1 which shows that the rate of entry is directly related to the external concentration of substance L. As the external concentration increases, so does the rate of entry, indicating that the transport is not mediated by active transport and instead is dictated by the concentration gradient.
(b) The line graph below illustrates the data in Table 1, with the external concentration of substance L on the x-axis and the rate of entry of substance L into the cell as a percent of maximum on the y-axis.
(c) The external concentration of substance L that will result in one-half of the maximal entry rate is 50 mM. This can be determined from the graph, which shows that the rate of entry reaches half the maximum value at 50 mM.
(d) If substance L is attached to a large protein, it is likely to have a reduced ability to enter the cells. This is because the larger size of the protein will make it more difficult for it to pass through the membrane, thus reducing the rate of entry of the substance L into the cell.
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Match the terms to the appropriate definitions and/or descriptions
HELP!!
Absolute dating:
Using the abnormal isotopes inside specimens and using half-life calculations to learn the absolute dates.Carbon 14 datingRadiometric datingWhat matches other terms?Zircon: A crystal that helps determine the age of an igneous intrusion or layer of a very old specimen.
Meteorites: Help to determine the age of the universe because it is assumed they were around the same time as the Earth was formed
Compression melting: Was likely formed by tectonic and volcanic events
Relative dating: When scientist are simply looking for a logical sequence of events
An igneous intrusion: A crystal that helps determine the age of an igneous intrusion or layer of a very old specimen
Unconformity: When layers are missing from one area to another because of erosion of exposed parts that occurred because of an earthquake or other geological event.
Index fossils: If a fossil is determined to be a certain age, the layer it was found in is likely of the same age.
The Grand Canyon: Was likely entirely formed by a river
Iguazu Falls in Argentina: Was likely formed by glacial forces
Yosemite Valley: The lowest layer of glaciers that lubricate and allows a glacier to move
The statement "An igneous intrusion is always younger than all the layers it cuts through" is true.
The statement "Using radiometric methods to find the approximate age of a layer or fossil" is true.
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The text format of the question goes thus:
Absolute dating
Zircon
Meteorites
Compression melting
Relative dating
An igneous intrusion
Unconformity
Index fossils
The Grand Canyon
Iguazu Falls in Argentina
Yosemite Valley
Carbon 14 dating
Radiometric dating
a. was kkely formed by glacial forces
b. is always younger than all the layers it cuts through
Using the abnormal isotopes inside specimens and using half-life calculations to learn the absolute dates.
d. If a fossil is determined to be a certain age, the layer it
was found in is likely of the same age.
e. Using radiometric methods to find the approximate age
of a layer or fossil
was likely entirely formed by a river
When layers are missing from one are to another because of erosion of exposed parts that occurred because of an earthquake or other geological event.
h was likely formed by tectonic and volcanic events
To learn absolute date of a more recent item.
J. the lowest layer of glaciers that lubricate and allows a
glacier to move k. A crystal that helps determine the age of an igneous intrusion or layer of a very old specimen
When scientist are simply looking for a logical sequence
of events
m. Help to determine the age of the universe because it is
assumed they were around the same time as the Earth
was formed
coefficient in a chemical reaction is a number that goes in front of an element or compound in a balanced equation. for example in the balanced equation below the coefficient in front of the h2o is 2, meaning 2 molecules of h2o are reacting to make 2 molecules of h2 and 1 molecule of o2. 2 h2o --> 2 h2 o2 what is the coefficient that goes in front of the eca in the reaction below. e3bc4 d(ca)2 --> d3(bc4)2 eca
The coefficient that goes in front of the ECA in the chemical reaction given above is 2.
It has been indicated that coefficient in a chemical reaction is a number that goes in front of an element or compound in a balanced equation. The unbalanced chemical equation for the given reaction is:
[tex]E_{3} BC_{4} D(CA)_{2}[/tex] → [tex]D_{3} (BC_{4} ) ECA[/tex]
The balanced equation of the chemical reaction above is:
[tex]2E_{3} BC_{4} D(CA)_{2}[/tex] → [tex]D_{3} (BC_{4} )_{2} ECA[/tex]
We can see that 2 comes before ECA in the balanced chemical equation above. Therefore, the coefficient that goes in front of the ECA in the chemical reaction given above is 2.
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