Answer:
Paleontology is the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils. Fossils are the remains of plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and single-celled living things that have been replaced by rock material or impressions of organisms preserved in rock.
Explanation:
A Review of Global Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis AND doi
The consequences of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) on the economy call for more research into how Moraxella bovis colonizes and lives on the corneal surface.
What is the review of Global Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis and doi?M. bovis strains that are virulent generate hemolysin and have unique plasmid profiles from nonvirulent strains. IBK prevalence is impacted by interactions between the host, environment, vector, season, and concomitant infections.
The illness process could be accelerated or made worse by Mycoplasma sp. or the infectious bovine rhino tracheitis virus. IBK symptoms can range from a minor case of conjunctivitis to severe ulceration, corneal perforation, and blindness. Economical factors, planned animal usage, and administration practicality all influence how IBK is treated.
The goal of antibiotic therapy is to increase medication concentrations in tears to levels that are at or above the minimum inhibitory concentration for extended periods of time. IBK is currently a disease that cannot be prevented. Vector control must be rigorously implemented and affected animals must be removed from the herd. Identification and exclusion of carrier animals from the herd are required.
Due to pili antigen cross reactivity, fluctuating strains, and unmanaged environmental conditions, vaccination efforts have been unsuccessful. Recent studies have revealed that M. bovis may use siderophores and iron-repressible outer membrane proteins to exploit host iron sources for growth. Understanding the typical defense mechanisms of the bovine eye may help develop innovative methods for boosting the immune response against M. bovis.
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What percentages of maximum response in the three types of cones (s:m:l) will result in the perception of yellow light?
We perceive yellow when our L cones are stimulated at around 95% of their maximum and M cones at roughly 55% of their maximum (this ratio corresponds to a wavelength of about 580 nanometers).
What is the function of rods and cones in the eye?Rods and cones are the two different categories of photoreceptors found in the human retina. Cones are in charge of vision in brighter environments, whereas rods are in charge of vision in low light. Mesopic refers to the range of light where both can function.
Rods:
Capable of scotopic vision (low light levels).Populate the retina's outer edges.They have a rod design that makes it easier to see at night or in low light.Include the vitamin A-rich rhodopsin pigment necessary for night vision, making rods sensitive to light.Cones:
Responsible for color perception, high spatial acuity, and photopic vision (higher light levels).They are mainly located in the retina and are populated in the central fovea region.Cone-shaped and aid in highlighting color and other subtle features.They come in three varieties: L-cones, M-cones, and S-cones, which are sensitive to long, intermediate, and short waves respectively (S-cones)These contain the violet-colored iodopsin pigment.Learn more about rods and cones here:
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It can take ____ for the body to process the alcohol in one standard drink (0.6 ounces).
It can take one hour for the body to process the alcohol in one standard drink which is equals to 0.6 ounces.
How much time take by the body to process the alcohol?Our liver can process one ounce of alcohol of standard drink which is equals to 0.6 ounces in one hour. If a person consume more than this amount, the body becomes saturated and the extra alcohol will accumulate in the blood and tissues until it can be metabolized by the body. Alcohol is bad for our health because our senses do not work properly so the consumption of alcohol must be stopped.
So we can conclude that It can take one hour for the body to process the alcohol in one standard drink.
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n most muscles, when a muscle contracts and its fibers shorten, the origin moves toward the insertion. True False
In most muscles, when a muscle contracts and its fibers shorten, the origin moves towards the insertion. This is true. Muscle contraction is the shortening, tightening and lengthening of muscles due to some physical activity.
During muscle contraction, one end of the muscle moves while the other end is fixed in its position. The point of attachment that moves during any action is called insertion while the point of attachment that doesn't move during action is called origin. The origin has more muscle mass and is less movable whereas the insertion has less muscle mass and is more flexible and movable. Muscle contraction occurs in the following sequence :
formation of cross bridgepower stroke dissociation of cross bridgecocking of myosinThe muscle unites the immobile bone at the origin which is fixed whereas the muscle unites the moving bone at the insertion. So whenever the muscle contracts and its fibers shorten the origin moves towards the insertion.
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Which body composition measuring system uses the volume of a controlled chamber compared to body volume to determine bodyfat percentage? Body mass index (BMI) Skinfold measurements Bioelectrical impedance (BI) Air displacement plethysmography (ADP)
Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) measures the volume of a controlled chamber compared to body volume to determine body fat percentage.
What is Air displacement plethysmography (ADP)?A two-component model called air displacement plethysmography (ADP) measures mass and volume, allowing for an assessment of body density (Db). This allows for the estimate of fat and fat-free mass using body density, which is calculated by dividing mass by volume (FFM).
With air-displacement plethysmography, an object's volume is indirectly determined by calculating how much air it displaces inside a sealed chamber (plethysmograph). Therefore, a patient is placed inside the chamber and their body volume is measured by how much air they can move while sitting within.
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There is general agreement that species classified as Homo should share all of these characteristics EXCEPT
Large brain size, small and flat face, small jaws and teeth, exploitation of diversity are some common features of homo species. Different homo species have different shapes of skulls.
Homo, genus of the family Hominidae (order Primates), is distinguished by a relatively large cranial capacity, limb structure adapted to a habitual erect posture and a bipedal gait, well-developed and fully opposable thumbs, hands capable of power and precision grips, and the ability to make standardized precision tools by combining one tool with another.
Different Homo species are differentiate from skull shapes. Their body shapes also tends to vary. This is due to different environment conditions in different time zones.
However, Homo species show many common characteristics such as Large brain size, small and flat face, small jaws and teeth.
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The land edge that is affected by marine processes is known generally as the?
The land edge that is affected by marine processes is known generally as the coast
A sea's shore is the area of land there. The coastline is the area of a shoreline where land and water converge. Coastlines are shaped in part by currents, tides, and waves. The ground is eroded or worn away when waves crash upon the shore.Despite making up only around 8% of the land on Earth, coastlines contain about 26% of all biological diversity. This wonderful environment, which is home to many different species of natural communities, is home to seabirds, clams, crabs, starfish, anemones, fish, kelp, and marine mammals, among many other creatures. Though it can also be a tough and challenging environment, since it is frequently altered by erosion and tides as well as pounded by waves and sea spray. Typically, there are three types of coasts: rocky, sandy, and muddy.
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How are the products represented in the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
O 0₂ +6C0₂
O C6H12O6 + 6H₂O
O 6CO2 + 6H₂O
O C6H12O6 + 60₂
Answer:
D.) C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis:
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O ------> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
The reactants are on the left side of the reaction, and the products are on the right side. The reactants consist of carbon dioxide and water. The products are glucose and oxygen.
The products represented in the chemical equation for photosynthesis is C6H12O6 + 60₂. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
What do you mean by photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is a cycle utilized by plants and different life forms to change over light energy into substance energy that, through cell breath, can later be delivered to fuel the creature's exercises.
Trees and plants use energy from the sun and carbon dioxide in the air to make food through a natural process called photosynthesis. The plants and trees that make up forests play a role in the production of oxygen by storing carbon both above and below the ground.
Instances of photosynthesizing organic entities: Phytoplankton photosynthesis is basically carried out by green plants, cyanobacteria and various kinds of algae.
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A cellular component of the innate defenses includes ________. b cells t cells natural killer cells plasma cells
A cellular component of the innate defenses includes natural killer cells
What is cell?A cell is the simplest, basic and functional units of all living organisms.
There are two types of living organisms based on the numbers of cells they have. These are:
Unicellular organismsMulticellular organismsUnicellular organisms are those organisms consisting of just one cell. That is, they are single-celled organisms. An example is bacteria
Multicellular organisms are organisms made up of two or more cells. Examples include lizard, roundworms, crabs, man.
So therefore, a cellular component of the innate defenses includes natural killer cells
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Meiosis is the process by which: Group of answer choices gametes are produced growth and replacement of cells occur in multicellular animals single cell organisms reproduce all of these
Meiosis is the process by which gametes are produced.
What is meiosis?Meiosis is a cell division in which the parent cell divides to produce four daughter cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes.It is also known as reductional division.It is crucial for reproduction because meiosis is the sole way for germ cells to form sperm or eggs.In sexually reproducing organisms, meiosis ensures the generation of the haploid phase, whereas fertilization restores the diploid phase.Meiosis is a process that occurs during gametogenesis in both plants and animals which results in the production of haploid gametes.To learn more about meiosis,
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A species of plants that adapts to become more tolerant of toxic heavy metals produced as a result of human mining activities is an example of _______. a. stabilizing selection b. disruptive selection c. directional selection d. mutation
A species of plants that adapts to become more tolerant of toxic heavy metals produced as a result of human mining activities is an example of C. directional selection.
When those with qualities that are on one side of the population's mean survive longer or reproduce more than those on the other, this is known as directional selection. It has been repeatedly shown in wild populations using both experimental and observational methods. The "heavy lifting" of evolution is done by directional selection, which tends to move the trait mean in the direction of the environmental optimum. Increased adaptability of organisms is the result. It is the fundamental mechanism that Charles Darwin himself thought would drive adaptive evolution. Two of Darwin's own examples were that faster wolves were better at hunting deer and that larger nectar-producing flowers were better at drawing pollinating insects. Both of these suggest directional selection as opposed to other types (or "modes") of selection.learn more about directional selection here: https://brainly.com/question/9761638
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Answer:
c. directional selection
Explanation:
should be correct ed2022
what is the name of the set of insrtument used for anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion that icludes retractors spreaders bone dowel cutters impactors and others
Cloward instruments is the name of the set of instrument used for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion that includes retractors spreaders bone dowel cutters impactors and others.
The blunt blades on the Cloward Self Retaining Retractor make it simple to retract delicate tissues. secures and retracts tissue, skin, and organ sheaths for easier access.Features sturdy lateral blades in particular, which have blunt edges that can be readily inserted under incision edges to facilitate painless retraction.The forceps' smooth blades also shield sensitive tissue from unintentional harm. The ratchet lock on the retraction forceps is what allows them to self-retain.Has a lightweight, ergonomic form that makes it easy to handle. The light weight also makes the instrument user-friendly. comes with pleasant finger rings for handling that are ergonomic.The 15 cm overall length of the Cloward Self Retaining Retractor makes it ideal for minor to medium incisions.learn more about surgical instruments here: https://brainly.com/question/2279077
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The portion of cellular respiration that consists of passing molecules down a series of carriers is:
The electron transport chain of the cellular respiration passes molecules down a series of carriers.
The electron transport chain occurs at the end of the cellular respiration , It is in this stage that most of cellular ATP generation takes place.
The electron transport chain contains many carrier proteins which are located on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. The electrons and hydrogen ions are released into the electron transport chain by NADH.
Firstly, there is generation of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane, then molecular oxygen is reduced to form water and finally there is generation of ATP by the process of chemiosmosis.
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What information from the client would support the diagnosis of guillain-barré syndrome?
The most patients with typical GBS present with rapidly progressive bilateral leg weakness with hypo/areflexia in the affected limbs. In rare cases, patients can present with facial, oculomotor, bulbar, i.e. difficulty with swallowing and speaking, weakness, or primary sensory symptoms.
The clinical diagnosis of GBS needs to be confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid analysis and nerve conduction studies. Lumbar puncture is indicated in every case of suspected GBS.
The things to be monitor in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) respiratory status of patients with GBS must therefore be carefully and frequently monitored. Pulse oximetry and blood gases are inadequate for early detection of failure because hypoxemia and hypercarbia are very late manifestations.
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ntist is conducting an investigation that involves water, silver, carbon dioxide, and oxyg
group of statements best describe all of the materials he is using in the investigation?
ley are each compounds. Each of the compounds is made of atoms. All of the atoms an
ney are each made of matter. Some are compounds and some are elements. They all c
ney are all elements. Some contain molecules of the same type of atom. Some contain
hey are each made of matter. Some are compounds made of one type of element. Som
The correct option is (d)They are each made of matter. Some are compounds made of one type of element. Some are pure atoms.
Any substance with mass and volume is considered matter because it occupies space. Water is a substance that is created when Hydrogen and Oxygen are combined in a fixed ratio (2 H: O) with a chemical link. The elemental metal silver can be found in nature in its metallic form. Carbon is an element, and carbon dioxide as a compound is created when elements of carbon and oxygen are joined in a specific ratio to form the gas.
They are each made of matter. Some are compounds made of one type of element. Some are pure atoms.
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DNA is composed of two strands, only one of which typically is used as a template for RNA synthesis. By what mechanism is the correct strand chosen
To choose the strand the promoter acts to aim the RNA polymerase.
What does RNA polymerase do?RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA by following a strand of DNA. The primary transcription enzyme is RNA polymerase. When RNA polymerase connects to a promoter sequence near the start of a gene, transcription starts (directly or through helper proteins). To create a fresh, complementary RNA molecule, RNA polymerase employs one of the DNA strands (the template strand) as a template.
Three distinct RNA polymerases (RNAPs), which transcribe various kinds of genes, are present in all eukaryotes. RNA polymerase I transcribe rRNA genes, RNA polymerase II transcribes mRNA, miRNA, snRNA, and snoRNA genes, and RNA polymerase III transcribes tRNA and 5S rRNA genes.
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Osteoporosis is caused by the decrease in the level of ___?
Answer:
Estrogen
Explanation:
Osteoporosis mostly occurs in aged women, which is related to decreased estrogen level.
the periodic table contains alot of information in it with the help of that information calculate the number neutrons present in the non metalic elements of the periodic table
The number of neutrons present in the non-metallic elements of the periodic table can be calculated by the formula:
No. of neutrons = Atomic mass - Atomic number
Every atom's nucleus has a neutron, with the exception of hydrogen, which does not. The fact that the particle has no electrical charge—it is neutral—gives it its name.
The elements that gain electrons to generate negative ions are known as non-metals. In their outermost shell, non-metals often have 4, 5, 6, or 7 electrons.
Example : Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen , Phosphorous etc.
Let's take an example of non metallic element like Phosphorous
Atomic number = 15
Atomic Mass = 31 u
So, according to the formula
No. of neutrons = 31 - 15 = 16
Hence, the number of neutrons present in the non-metallic elements of the periodic table can be calculated by the formula:
No. of neutrons = Atomic mass - Atomic number
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How would you describe an epithelium consisting of a single layer of cells in which all cells rest directly on the basement membrane and all cells reach the apical surface?.
Columnar epithelium consists of a single layer of cells in which all cells rest directly on the basement membrane and all cells reach the apical surface.
What is a epithelial tissue?
Epithelial tissue has a free surface, which faces either a body fluid or the outside environment and thus provides a covering or a lining for some parts of the body.
There are two types of epithelial tissues namely :
Simple epithelium: Simple epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells and functions as a lining for body cavities, ducts, and tubes.Compound epithelium: The compound epithelium consists of two or more cell layers and has protective function as it does in our skin.Simple epithelium is further divided into three types, they are;
The squamous epithelium is made of a single thin layer of flattened cells with irregular boundaries. They are found in the walls of blood vessels and air sacs of lungs and are involved in functions like forming a diffusion boundary.The cuboidal epithelium is composed of a single layer of cube-like cells. This is commonly found in ducts of glands and tubular parts of nephrons in kidneys and its main functions are secretion and absorption. The columnar epithelium is composed of a single layer of tall and slender cells. Their nuclei are located at the base. Free surface may have microvilli. They are found in the lining of stomach and intestine and help in secretion and absorption.To learn more about epithelial tissues: https://brainly.com/question/13404204
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What is the common name of Musca domestica?
The House fly (commonly known as Housefly) is the common name of Musca domestica, it is an insect of the suborder Cyclorrhapha.
What is the House fly?The House fly is an insect from the order Diptera which is characterized by having wings that allow them to fly.
The House fly is widely extended across the world and it is a highly adaptable species that lives in different climate conditions.
In conclusion, the House fly (commonly known as Housefly) is the common name of Musca domestica, it is an insect of the suborder Cyclorrhapha.
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Answer:
The house fly
Explanation:
The house fly, Musca domestica Linnaeus, is a well-known cosmopolitan pest of both farm and home. This species is always found in association with humans or the activities of humans. It is the most common species found on hog and poultry farms, horse stables and ranches.
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____________________ treatment is the oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells.
Answer: RAI
Explanation:
In moving from the outside environment to the inside of a bacterium, the first layer encountered would be:__________
In moving from the outside environment to the inside of a bacterium, the first layer encountered would be Glycocalyx.
The cell coat or outermost first layer of bacterial cells is called the glycocalyx. Glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans make up its composition. It is a network of lipids and membrane proteins connected by polysaccharide chains. On the lumen side, it encircles the vascular endothelial cells.
Various bacterium have varied glycocalyx layers with different compositions and densities. It serves as a protective layer and participates in cell interaction, signalling, and identification.
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Match each type of cause with the source that could shed light on that cause.
records related to the
and export of goods
population records related
to births and deaths
records related to
the use of certain wordspaintings, photographs,
and filmsletters and diaries of
ordinary peoplerecords related to banks
and financial transactions
Economic causes: records related to the and export of goods; records related to banks and financial transactions
Social causes: population records related to births and deaths; records related to the use of certain words
Cultural causes: paintings, photographs, and films; letters and diaries of
ordinary people.
Note that the complete question is found in the attached image.
What are the causes listed?The causes given are economic causes, social causes and cultural causes.
Economic causes deals with things that affect how to satisfy man's needs and wants, Social causes deals how humans relate, and Cultural causes deals with the way of life of a people.
The items and the correct causes are as follows:
Economic causes: records related to the and export of goods; records related to banks and financial transactions
Social causes: population records related to births and deaths; records related to the use of certain words
Cultural causes: paintings, photographs, and films; letters and diaries of
ordinary people.
In conclusion, the causes considered are economic , social and cultural, causes.
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Which is the predominant immunoglobulin produced after a host’s re-exposure to an antigen?
The predominant immunoglobulin produced after a host’s re-exposure to an antigen is Immunoglobulin G (IgG).
Immunoglobulin G is a type of antibody, representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells.
The functional activities of IgG molecules, such as bactericidal effect mediated by complement, viral neutralization, inactivation of toxins and opsonization, are important for the development of an effective immune response against a large range of microorganisms and their toxic products
The IgG average range is between 549-1600 mg/dL in the body.
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How does the structure of cells relate to different functions and specialization
Answer: They can transport molecules, metabolize nutrients, and reproduce within this one cell.
Explanation: Multicellular organisms need many different types of cells to carry out the same life processes. Each of these special types of cells has a different structure that helps it perform a specific function.
Rapid lateral flow assays based on the quantification of magnetic nanoparticle labels for multiplexed immunodetection of small molecules: application to the determination of drugs of abuse
A rapid lateral flow immunoassay is presented that uses carboxyl-modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles as labels that can be quantified by highly sensitive multi-channel electronic readers. The approach is generic in that it is likely to be applicable to numerous small molecules. The method permits both single- and multiplex assays at a point-of-need without sample pretreatment. It is user-friendly and offers attractive characteristics demonstrated here for detection of morphine, fentanyl and methamphetamine in . The competitive immunoassay uses commercially available reagents that do not require special permissions. After migration of sample, the lateral flow test strips are subjected to an alternating magnetic field at two frequencies. The response from the nanolabels is readout at a combinatorial frequency from the entire volume of a porous immunochromatographic membrane by the magnetic particle quantification technique.
application to the determination of drugs of abuse.
Estimating the detection time of a drug in urine is complex because of many different influencing factors and the lack of experimental data. Detection times vary depending on dose and route of administration, metabolism and characteristics of the screening and confirmation assays. Using a cut-off value of 1000 ng/mL, urinary samples can be positive for amphetamine for up to 5 days after intake of the drug.
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The form of a sugar that is stored in the liver and muscles and broken down when the body requires a burst of energy is
Answer:
glucose
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As a river flows downhill carrying sediment, what happens when the river widens and slows down?
As a river flows downhill carrying sediment, when the river widens and slows down, the sediment deposits.
What is deposition of sediments?
Deposition is the laying down of sediment carried by wind, flowing water, the sea or ice.
Sediment can be transported as pebbles, sand and mud, or as salts dissolved in water.
When the river flowing downhill widens and slows down, the velocity of thee river drops and the sediments begins to deposit as the energy with which the river is transporting it begins to decline due to drop in the river velocity.
Thus, as a river flows downhill carrying sediment, when the river widens and slows down, the sediment deposits.
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Under the Endangered Species Act, all federal agencies must Group of answer choices avoid the use of all chemicals until the EPA has determined they are safe. prepare an environmental impact statement for actions significantly affecting the environment. avoid damage to habitat critical to the survival of endangered species. All of these are correct.
The Endangered Species Act was enacted to avoid damage to habitats critical to the survival of endangered species.
Endangered Species Act
A species is considered endangered if is facing extinction and a threatened species is a species that is o the verge of becoming an endangered species. The ESA was thus enacted in the year 1973 to protect such species by the federal government. Three different departments of the federal government are responsible for administering ESA and they are:
Department of InteriorDepartment of CommerceDepartment of AgricultureESA was formulated to aid various measures meant for the protection of endangered and threatened species and facilitate various recovery programs to increase their population size. The area or the habitat where an endangered species live is called a critical habitat and ESA aims to prevent the destruction of the critical habitats.
There are exceptions to the ESA for cases such as national security matters, actions of Alaskan natives, hardship cases, etc. The ESA is enacted with the help of citizen suits, civil penalties, and criminal penalties.
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If you observed that the sperm of a bull could not fuse in a lab dish with the eggs of a cow, you would say that the bull and the cow showed:_____.
If you observed that the sperm of a bull could not fuse in a lab dish with the eggs of a cow, you would say that the bull and the cow showed gametic isolation.
What is gametic isolation?A type of isolation that occurs in many aquatic animals of different species. These species deposit gametes in the water, in the same place and at the same time, with fertilization occurring only between gametes originated by the same species.
Reproductive isolation mechanisms that operate prior to mating are called prezygotic reproductive barriers. These barriers are important, as they prevent individuals of different species from interbreeding and reproducing.
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