The type of crosslinking in distilled water vs tap water primarily depends on the presence of impurities and ions.
Crosslinking is the process of creating chemical bonds between polymer chains, resulting in a network of interconnected molecules. This process is used in many industries, including textiles, coatings, and adhesives, to improve the strength, durability, and performance of materials.
Distilled water has gone through a purification process that removes most impurities and ions, resulting in water with minimal crosslinking potential. On the other hand, tap water contains various dissolved salts, minerals, and other impurities, which can promote crosslinking between different molecules or ions in the water.
In tap water, crosslinking may occur between dissolved ions, organic matter, or other impurities, leading to the formation of larger molecules or complexes. This can result in the water becoming harder or developing a distinct taste or odor. In contrast, distilled water has limited crosslinking potential due to the absence of these impurities and ions.
To summarize, the type of crosslinking in distilled water and tap water differs mainly because of the presence of impurities and ions. Distilled water has minimal crosslinking potential due to its purified nature, while tap water can have more complex crosslinking interactions due to the dissolved salts, minerals, and impurities it contains.
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Please help!
how many moles of oxygen react
with 2.25 mol of nitrogen?
n2(g) +
o2(g)
no(g)
Answer: 2.25
Explanation: 1:1 mole ratio seen in equation.
A solution is prepared by dissolving 117 grams of salt (NaCI) in 250 milliliters of water (H_{2}*O) What is the molarity of the solution?
D. 468 M NaCI
C. 8.0 M NaCl
A. 0.47 M NaCI
B. 8 * 10 ^ - 3 * MNaCl
Taking into account the definition of molarity, the molarity on the solution is 8 M.
Definition of molarityMolar concentration or molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution and indicates the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a given volume.
The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the solution:
[tex]Molarity=\frac{number of moles}{volume}[/tex]
Molarity is expressed in units [tex]\frac{moles}{L}[/tex].
This caseIn this case, you know that:
number of moles= 117 gramsx[tex]\frac{1 mole}{58.45 grams}[/tex]= 2 moles, where 58.45[tex]\frac{g}{mole}[/tex] is the molar mass of NaCl.volume= 250 mL= 0.250 L (being 1000 mL= 1 L)Replacing in the definition of molarity:
[tex]Molarity=\frac{2 moles}{0.250 L}[/tex]
Solving:
Molarity= 8 [tex]\frac{moles}{L}[/tex]= 8 M
Finally, the molarity on the solution is 8 M.
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In terms of the kinetic molecular theory, in what ways are liquids similar to solids? in what ways are liquids different from solids?
Answer:
particles in liquids have greater kinetic energy than particles in solids
How does a conjugate acid differ from its conjugate base?
The conjugate acid is differ from its conjugate base as, conjugate acid is formed by strong base whereas conjugate base is formed by strong acid.
conjugate base is differ from conjugate acids by the presence of the proton. The conjugate acid is formed when proton is added to the bases whereas conjugate bases is formed when proton is released by the acids.
Example of corrugate acids are given below.
[tex]NH_{3}[/tex] → [tex]NH_{2} ^{-} +H^{+}[/tex]
In the above example [tex]NH_{2} ^{-}[/tex] is conjugate acids.
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Given the reaction below, which is the being oxidized?
Mg + Cl2 Right arrow. Mg2+ + 2Cl–
2CI–
CI2
Mg
Mg2
The ion that is oxidized in the above redox reaction is Mg (option A). Details about oxidation can be found below.
What is oxidation in a redox reaction?Oxidation in a redox reaction is a reaction in which the atoms of an element lose electrons and the oxidation state of the element increases.
According to this question, the redox reaction is given as follows: Mg + Cl2 = Mg2+ + 2Cl–
As shown in the above redox reaction, Magnesium oxidation number increases from 0 to 2+, therefore, is the one being oxidized.
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AnswerAAAAA
Explanation:
4- The equilibrium constant for the reaction A (g) B (g) is 10. A reaction mixture initially contains [A]
The initial concentration in the reaction mixture will contain [A] = 0.1 M and [B] = 1.0 M
Below is the reaction
A(g) → B(g)
And the equilibium constant will be explained in terms of [A] and [B]:
Keq = 10 = [B]/[A]
If the first conditions are that [A] = 1.1 M and [B] = 0.0 M, the conditions at equilibrium is:
[A] = 1.1M - x
[B] = 0.0M + x
Now we rewrite Keq:
Keq = 10 = [0.0 +x] / [1.1 -x]
at the end we got it for x:
10 = [0.0 +x] / [1.1 -x]
10 * (1.1-x) = x
11 - 10x = x
11 = 11x
x = 1
equilibrium, the concentrations are:
[A] = 1.1 M - 1 = 0.1 M
[B] = 0.0 M + 1 = 1.0 M
Thus, the concentration of A is 0.1 M and the concentration of B is 1M.
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Which compares the problems associated with radioactive waste created from generating electricity using fusion reactions to waste created from generating electricity using fission reactions?
Radioactive waste from fusion reactions becomes less hazardous much sooner than waste from fission reactions, nuclear fusion is much safer than fission because it leaves no radioactive waste behind.
What is the difference between the two reactions?Both processes are natural, but they can also be carried out in a lab. While fusion involves the "crushing" of two atoms to form a single atom of a new element, fission involves the splitting of an atomic nucleus.
We can conclude from this information that radioactive waste from fusion reactions becomes less hazardous much sooner than waste from fission reactions, and nuclear fusion is much safer than fission because it produces no radioactive waste.
Why does nuclear fission release more energy than other chemical reactions?It takes a lot of energy to combine protons so that nuclear forces can overcome electrostatic repulsion. The energy released during the fission process is much greater than the energy released during other chemical reactions.
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Answer: The radioactive waste from fusion reactions becomes less hazardous much sooner than the waste from fission reactions.
Explanation:
What is the total number of electron domains around the central atom for a molecule having a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry, such as nh3?
The total number of electron domains in molecules having trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry is four (4). It contains three bonding and one nonbonding pair.
Ammonia has an sp3 hybridization and stable binary hydride. And it has an electron geometry of tetrahedral. Its bond angle is 107 degrees.
If all are bonded pairs then the geometry is tetrahedral but if there is one lone pair of electrons & 3 bond pairs then the geometry is trigonal pyramidal.
The ammonia molecule has 3 hydrogen atoms and an unshared pair of electrons connected to the nitrogen atom that's why its shape is trigonal pyramidal.
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Which of the following is true about a redox reaction?
In a redox reaction, the reducing agent loses electrons..
In a redox reaction, the oxidizing agent loses electrons.
In a redox reaction, the oxidized species gains electrons.
In a redox reaction, the reduced species loses electrons
AnswerThe correct (A).
Explanation:
The true statement about the redox reaction is In a redox reaction, an electron is lost by the oxidizing agent.
Answer:A
Explanation:i took the test
An increase in __________ will directly stimulate the peripheral chemoreceptors to increase ventilation.
An increase in pH will directly stimulate the peripheral chemoreceptors to increase ventilation.
Chemoreceptor can be stimulated by change in the chemical composition of their immediate environment .There are many types of chemoreceptor spread throughout the body which help to control different process including taste, smell and breathing. An increase in body temperature increases the rate from peripheral chemoreceptor neurons.
The chemoreceptor is also known as chemosensor. The chemoreceptor is a specialized sensory receptor which transduces a chemical substance ( endogenous or induced ) to generate a biological signal. The two types of chemoreceptor is peripheral and central.
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Tim would like to know the mass of two boxes. Instead of Tim looking at the boxes to determine their mass, what should Tim use to accurately
determine the mass of each box
Answer:
The triple beam balance
Why is it difficult to see whether you have added the phenolphthalein to the flask solution before you have titrated it?
Whether in an alkali (pink) or an acid (colorless) solution, the phenolphthalein indicator has one of two distinct structures. Both structures are light-absorbing in the ultraviolet spectrum, which the human eye cannot see. So it is challenging.
What is phenolphthalein? The phthalein family of chemical compounds includes the indicator phenolphthalein (C20H14O4). The powder is a thin, crystalline yellowish-white to light orange powder. It has a pKa of 9.3, is barely soluble in water, and, when dissolved in alcohol, is used as an indicator for acid-base titration investigations.It is colorless in liquid form until pH 8.5 when it transforms from pink to dark red. Adolf von Baeyer, a German chemist, created phenolphthalein in 1871. He produced it by fusing phenol and phthalic anhydride in the presence of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or zinc chloride. Phenolphthalein is closely linked to the triphenylmethane dyes (ZnCl2). The abbreviation "HIn" or "php" in shorthand notation is frequently used to refer to the chemical compound phenolphthalein, which has the formula C20H14O4. Its structure consists of 2 alcoholic groups, one ketone group, three hexagonal structures, and one pentagonal structure. Another compound with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen chain structure is phenolphthalein.Phenolphthalein is frequently used as an indicator in acid-base titrations. Due to its water solubility, phenolphthalein is frequently dissolved in alcohols before use in experiments. It is a weak acid that can lose H+ ions in solutions. While the ion of phenolphthalein is purple, the phenolphthalein molecule is colorless.A common indicator used in titration experiments to show the titration's endpoint is phenolphthalein, an inert, colorless acid. Since this molecule dissociates to generate pink anions when dissolved in water, the endpoint is signaled by the production of pink color.To learn more about phenolphthalein, refer to:
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To a 25.00 mL volumetric flask, a lab technician adds a 0.225 g sample of a weak monoprotic acid, HA , and dilutes to the mark with distilled water. The technician then titrates this weak acid solution with 0.0849 M KOH . She reaches the endpoint after adding 42.35 mL of the KOH solution. Determine the number of moles of the weak acid in the solution.
The number of moles of the weak acid in the solution is 0.00359
Calculation:
1. The number of mole of KOH in the solution:
Given:
Molarity of KOH = 0.0849 M
Volume = 42.35 mL = 42.35 / 1000 = 0.04235 L
Mole of KOH = Mole = Molarity x Volume
= 0.0849 × 0.04235
= 0.00359 mole
2. The number of mole of a weak acid, HA:
Balanced equation:
HA + KOH → KA + H₂O
From the above equation, A mole of HA and a mole of KOH react together. Therefore,
0.00359 moles of HA will also react with 0.00359 moles of KOH.
0.00359 moles of base use = 1/1 x 0.00359 = 0.00359 moles of HA
Thus, there are 0.00359 moles of a weak acid in the solution.
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an iron weighing 50 grams absorbs 256.0 J of heat and warms by 11.4C What is the specific heat of the iron can
The specific heat of the iron can is determined as 0.449 J/g⁰C.
Specific heat of the iron can
The specific heat of the iron can is calculated as follows;
Q = mcΔθ
c = Q/mΔθ
where;
Q is quantity of heatΔθ is change in temperaturem is massc = 256/(50 x 11.4)
c = 0.449 J/g⁰C
Thus, the specific heat of the iron can is determined as 0.449 J/g⁰C.
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Structure and applications of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels produced by conventional crosslinking or by freezing/thawing methods
Answer: Structure and applications of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels produced by repeated cycles of freezing and thawing.
Explanation:
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a polymer of great interest because of its many desirable characteristics specifically for various pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The crystalline nature of PVA has been of specific interest particularly for physically cross-linked hydrogels prepared by repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. This review includes details on the structure and properties of PVA, the synthesis of its hydrogels, the crystallization of PVA, as well as its applications. An analysis of previous work in the development of freezing and thawing processes is presented focusing on the implications of such materials for a variety of applications. PVA blends that have been developed with enhanced properties for specific applications will also be discussed briefly. Finally, the future directions involving the further development of freeze/thawed PVA hydrogels are addressed.
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Board cases involving eligibility or disciplinary issues that are resolved through a board agreed order
Board instances involving eligibility or disciplinary issues that are addressed by a board-approved order public records and accessible on the BON's web page.
BON's web page
Board Position Statements are a way to give nurses guidance on topics that are important to the Board and relate to the safety of the public, but they do not have the legal force of law. In the context of the position statement's overall intent, each position statement is intended to offer direction. Board position statements are examined every year to determine their applicability and accuracy in light of current practice, the Nursing Practice Act, and Board regulations. In January 2022, the Board conducted its most recent evaluation.
It is possible to find a concise summary of the substance of the Position Statements, although it does not include all the specifics that are included in each Position Statement.
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The formation constant for the reaction ag (aq) 2nh3(aq) ag(nh3)2 (aq) is kf = 1.7 × 107 at 25°c. what is δg° at this temperature? (r = 8.314 j/k• mol)?
The value of ΔG° at this temperature is -18034.18 J/mol
Calculation,
Given information
formation constant (Kf)= 1.7 × [tex]10^{7}[/tex]
Universal gas constant (R) = 8.314 J/K• mol
Temperature = 25° C = 25 °C + 273 = 300 K
Formula used:
ΔG° = -RT㏑Kf
By putting the valur of R,T, Kf we get the value of ΔG°
ΔG° = - 8.314 J/K• mol×300K㏑ 1.7 × [tex]10^{7}[/tex]
ΔG° = -2494.2㏑ 1.7 × [tex]10^{7}[/tex] = -18034.18 J/mol
So, change in standard Gibbs's free energy is -18034.18 J/mol
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Multiple Choice Question As a reaction proceeds, the value of Q _____. Multiple choice question. decreases steadily until it reaches the value of K increases steadily until it reaches the value of K increases or decreases, as necessary, until it reaches the value of K
As a reaction proceeds, the value of Q decreases steadily until it reaches.
What is Equilibrium Constant ?The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction usually denoted by the symbol K that express the relationship between the amount of reactants and products when a chemical reaction reaches equilibrium.
It is expressed as:
[tex]K_{C} = \frac{[C]^{c} \times [D]^{d} \times ...}{[A]^{a} \times [B]^{b} \times ...}[/tex]
where,
K = Equilibrium constant
A, B = Products
C, D = Reactants
[A] = equilibrium concentration of A in moles
a = number of moles of A
What is Reaction Quotient ?The measurement of relative amount of reactants and products which are present in a reaction at a particular point in time.
Q < K
Q ∝ [tex]\frac{\text{Products}}{\text{Reactants}}[/tex]
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that As a reaction proceeds, the value of Q decreases steadily until it reaches.
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Given the following equation: 2 AgNO3 CaCl2 --> 2 AgCl(s) Ca(NO3)2 What is the net ionic equation:
The net ionic equation is:
2Ag⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) → 2AgCl(s)
How to write a net ionic equation?The given equation is:
2AgNO₃ (aq) + CaCl₂ (aq) → 2AgCl(s) + Ca(NO₃)₂ (aq)
A double displacement reaction occurs when silver nitrate and calcium chloride are combined. Silver chloride precipitate and a calcium nitrate solution are the results of the reaction.
Break down all the soluble electrolytes, that are present in an aqueous form, into their respective ions:
2Ag⁺(aq) + 2NO³⁻(aq) + Ca²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) → 2AgCl(s) + Ca²⁺(aq)+ 2NO³⁻(aq)
Now remove all the spectator ions present in the equation. The spectator ions should be removed after comparing the reactant and product sides of the revised reaction. These dissolved ions are known as spectator ions if they exhibit the same form on both sides. No reaction occurs if everyone is a spectator ion.
Now write the net ionic equation:
2Ag⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) → 2AgCl(s)
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Please help! Is there another way that 3.40x10^-19J can be imputed on a computer. I have the right answer but it is wrong.
An element emits light at a wavelength of 584 nm. What is the energy of the photon with that wavelength?
Write your answer in scientific notation with the appropriate significant figures and unit. The exponent of 10 is written with the carat (^) symbol, so 10^n.
The energy of the photon with the wavelength of 584 nm is 3.4×10¯¹⁹ J
How to determine the frequency of the photonWavelength (λ) = 584 nm = 584×10⁻⁹ mSpeed of light (v) = 3×10⁸ m/sFrequency (f) = ?f = v / λ
f = 3×10⁸ / 584×10⁻⁹
f = 5.14×10¹⁴ Hz
How to determine the energyPlanck's constant (h) = 6.626×10¯³⁴ JsFrequency (f) = 5.14×10¹⁴ HzEnergy (E) =?E = hf
E = 6.626×10¯³⁴ × 5.14×10¹⁴ Hz
E = 3.4×10¯¹⁹ J
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How much energy does cameron need to add to raise the temperature of a 0.500-kg sample of silver from 200 k to 205 k? the specific heat of silver is 236 j/kgk
energy to raise temperature is 590 J
Given:
mass of silver sample = 0.5 kg
initial temperature = 200 k
final temperature = 205 k
specific heat of silver = 236 j/kgk
To Find:
energy to raise temperature
Solution: The heat energy required to raise the temperature of of a substance through is called its specific heat capacity.
Q = cmΔt
where c= constant of proportionality, called specific heat capacity of the body
Q = mass x specific heat x ∆t
= 0.5 x 236 x ( 205-200 )
= 590 J
So, energy to raise temperature is 590 J
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What effects doing adding a solute have on the freezing point of the freezing point of a solution
Answer:
Lowers the freezing point
Explanation:
Lowers the freezing temp
"Freezing point depression is a colligative property observed in solutions that results from the introduction of solute molecules to a solvent. The freezing points of solutions are all lower than that of the pure solvent and is directly proportional to the molality of the solute."
Answer: The temperature at which the solution freezes is lowered
Explanation:
In 1869, mendeleev created a periodic table in which elements were ordered by weight and placed in groups based on their chemical properties. mendeleev's decision to design the periodic table in this way allowed immediate advances in chemistry by.?
a.) providing an explanation for the reactive properties of the alkali metals
b.) providing a framework for models of electron configurations
c.) predicting the existence of a group of undiscovered inert gases
d.) predicting the properties of undiscovered elements in specific atomic weight ranges.
please explain
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Mendeleev periodic table predicted the properties of undiscovered element like the eka-aluminium.
Which term describes the amount of pressure each gas in a mixture contributes to the overall gas pressure?
The term would be partial pressure.
What is the partial pressure of gases?
The partial pressure of a gas refers to the amount of pressure contributed by the gas to the overall pressure of a non-reacting gas mixture.
For example, if a gas is formed from a mixture of two gases A and B. The pressure of the gas would be the sum of the pressure of A and that of B. The pressures that A and B contribute to the overall pressure of the gas are called the partial pressures of A and B respectively.
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A gas diffuses 1/8 times faster than hydrogen gas. what is the molar mass of the gas?
129.02 g/mol
136.44 g/mol
140.81 g/mol
145.45 g/mol
Answer:
129.02 g/mol.
Explanation:
We apply grahams law of diffusion:
1/8 = √2.016/√m where m = molar mass
√m = 8√2.016
m = (8√2.016) = 129.02 g/mol.
The iron atoms in the prosthetic groups of the electron transport chain proteins can easily accept and release ____
The iron atoms in the prosthetic groups of the electron transport chain proteins can easily accept and release electrons
A helper molecule, or prosthetic group, is a nonproteinaceous substance that aids in the activity of an enzyme. A particular type of cofactor molecule, or organic molecule, known as a coenzyme, aids enzymes in catalyzing chemical reactions.
a prosthetic group made comprised of a protoporphyrin ring and an iron (Fe) atom in the middle. Four pyrrole rings joined by methene bridges form a protoporphyrin ring.
Through their involvement in cellular respiration and fatty acid production, prosthetic groups support cellular activity. Holoproteins are the name for prosthetic groups that are attached to proteins. Prosthetic groups include, among others, heme, biotin, flavin, iron sulfides, copper, and ubiquinone.
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Alkenes are an example of unsaturated hydrocarbon that are more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons because it contains double bonds which can break and compounds can react with hydrogen.
Yes. Unsaturated hydrocarbon are more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons because it contains double bonds which can break and compounds can react with hydrogen.
Due to the double and triple bonds between carbon atoms in unsaturated hydrocarbons, which are weaker than the single bonds in saturated hydrocarbons due to the presence of weaker pi bonds, these unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive than single bonded carbon compounds and react more quickly when used in reactions.
For example, unsaturated hydrocarbons are used to make paint, lubricants, and insecticides, among other industrial products. They are utilised in numerous chemical reactions because they are reactive.
Therefore, Unsaturated hydrocarbon are more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons.
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Minerals are all naturally occurring solid substances with a definable chemical composition. they also must possess _____________.
They must also possess a fixed crystalline structure (spatial arrangement of atoms and ions).
What are the properties of minerals?Color is one category, however it is not necessarily a reliable indicator of a mineral's identity. Numerous minerals can be found in a variety of colors, and many minerals contain additional compounds that give them a surprising color.The way a mineral reflects light is called luster. The characteristics of minerals include metallic, pearly, glassy, smooth, greasy, dazzling, or drab.When particular minerals cleave, they do so in a distinct manner.By observing how simple it is to scrape a mineral, hardness is determined.The chemical composition of each occurrence of a mineral varies within a narrow range, and the atoms that make up the mineral must exist in particular ratios.In a mineral, the atoms are arranged in a recurring, predictable pattern.
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Which describes the law of conservation of matter?
O A. Chemical reactions cannot happen.
B. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed in a reaction.
OC. Atoms are not involved in chemical reactions.
OD. Molecules cannot change into other molecules during a reaction.
SUBMIT
Answer:
answer is B
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Write a mechanism for the formation of triphenylmethanol from the reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide and diethyl carbonate..
Nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction is the mechanism for the formation of triphenylmethanol from the reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide and diethyl carbonate.
Phenyl magnesium bromide substitutes one ethoxide ion in the nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction that drives the process forward. A subsequent equivalent of phenyl magnesium bromide produces triphenyl methanol through a nucleophilic addition reaction with the resultant keto group.
There are two ethoxy leaving groups in diethyl carbonate. Tertiary alcohol is created when diethyl carbonate combines with too much Grignard reagent. The Grignard reagent attacks the carbonyl carbon three times in the mechanism to produce the tertiary alcohol.
Therefore, Nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction is the mechanism for the formation of triphenylmethanol from the reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide and diethyl carbonate.
Refer to the image below for a better understanding of the mechanism;
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