When a neuron is at rest, the K+ ________
gradient favors K+ diffusion out of the cell while the ________ gradient favors K+ diffusion into the cell .
A. concentration; electrical
B. concentration; concentration
C. electrical; electrical
D. electrical; concentration

True, Ancient Chinese doctors once used a combination of Cannabis and alcohol to anesthetize patients for surgery.

it was also observed that during the second century A.D, the Chinese surgeon, Hua T'o, began to use cannabis as an anesthesia and to treat people.

True, it was true in chinese herbal manuals that ginseng and cannabis combination is known as a clairvoyant mixture.

it was also written by the Taoist priest wrote in the fifth century B.C. that Cannabis in the combination with Ginseng to people to set forward time and reveal future events.

in modern medicine, cannabis do have science values,cannabis has been used in China for fiber, seeds, as a traditional medicine and also used for medicine.

People in ancient times believed that treatments were directed toward eliminating evil spirits herbs and plants In 4000 BC.

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Lactose. A molecule of galactose is combined with a molecule of glucose to form lactose via a 1,4-glycosidic bond. Glucose and galactose combine to form the disaccharide known as lactose.

Two monosaccharide units are joined by glycosidic linkages in either the or orientation to form disaccharides. Lactose, maltose, and sucrose are the three most significant disaccharides. A molecule of glucose and a molecule of fructose are joined to form the compound known as sucrose. Galactose and glucose combine to produce a -14 glycosidic bond, which results in the disaccharide lactose. The formal name of the compound is -D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-D-glucose. D-galactose and D-glucose combine to generate 19 distinct disaccharides.

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Morphology or structural similarity has been used extensively in classification because it provides a straightforward and effective means of categorizing objects based on their physical characteristics.

Morphological features are easily observable and measurable, making them ideal for automated classification systems that rely on quantitative data. In addition, morphology is often closely related to an object's function or behavior, providing insight into its ecological niche, evolutionary history, or other important aspects of its biology.

This information can be particularly valuable in fields such as ecology, where identifying and categorizing species based on their morphology can help researchers understand patterns of biodiversity, habitat use, and ecosystem function.

Finally, morphology has been studied for centuries and has a well-established body of research and terminology, making it a convenient and standardized way to communicate information about the characteristics of organisms. For all these reasons, morphology continues to be a powerful tool in classification and taxonomy, even as other approaches such as molecular biology become more widely used.

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In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). The Punnett square is shown below, and both parents are b. homozygous dominant.

A Punnett square is a chart that scientists utilize to predict the likelihood of an offspring inheriting a particular trait. It is a visual representation of Mendelian genetics' fundamental principles. A Punnett square can be used to estimate the chances of an offspring inheriting particular characteristics by organizing the alleles from both parents.

An individual has two copies of the same allele in their DNA sequence, and the alleles are the same. Homozygous dominant alleles are a pair of genes that specify the same characteristics and that are both dominant alleles. As a result, the offspring will inherit black fur in a 100 percent likelihood. The alleles for black fur from both parents are present in the offspring's genome, so the black fur trait will be expressed as a result.

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Homozygous refers to a genetic condition in which an individual has two identical alleles (variants of a gene) at a specific locus (position) on a pair of homologous chromosomes.

In simpler terms, homozygosity refers to the inheritance of two identical copies of a particular gene, one from each parent. The term homozygous can be further divided into two categories, namely homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive.

Homozygous dominant individuals carry two copies of a dominant allele, which expresses its phenotype regardless of whether the second allele is dominant or recessive. Homozygous recessive individuals, on the other hand, carry two copies of a recessive allele, which expresses its phenotype only when both alleles are recessive.

Homozygosity is an important concept in genetics, as it can influence the expression of certain traits and the likelihood of developing genetic disorders. In general, homozygosity for a particular gene can increase the predictability of inherited traits and genetic diseases.

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Yes, the flea will catch up with the rabbit.

In this question, a giant rabbit is tied to a pole in the ground by an infinitely stretchy elastic cord attached to its tail. A hungry flea is on the pole watching the rabbit. The rabbit sees the flea, jumps into the air, and lands one mile from the pole (with its tail still attached to the pole by the elastic cord). The flea gives chase and leaps into the air landing on the stretched elastic cord one inch from the pole. The rabbit, seeing this, again leaps into the air and lands another mile away from the pole (i.e., a total of two miles from the pole).

Undaunted, the flea bravely leaps into the air again, landing on the elastic cord one inch further along. Once again the rabbit jumps another mile, and the flea jumps another inch along the cord. This process continues indefinitely.To solve this problem, we need to know that the total distance jumped by the rabbit is given by the sum of the infinite geometric series. 

Here, the first term of the sequence is one mile, and the common ratio is 1/12.

Therefore, the sum of the sequence is: 

a/1-r = (1/1 - 1/12) = 12/11.

The rabbit will land at a total distance of 12/11 miles from the pole. If the flea makes the same series, it would be the infinite geometric sequence, 

b/1-r = (1/12)/(1 - 1/12) = 1/11 of the distance.

Thus, the flea will make the series and cover 1/11 of the distance each time. Thus, the flea will cover the entire distance between the rabbit and the pole eventually the flea will catch up with the rabbit.

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Answer:

chemical weathering is more dominant in the regions where there is abundant limestone rock.

Explanation:

hope this helps

Classification of the items with the appropriate cell type: Squamous alveolar cells: Squamous alveolar cells are thin, flat cells that line the alveoli of the lungs.

They enable gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, to diffuse between the air in the alveoli and the blood in nearby capillaries. Engulf microorganisms: Alveolar macrophages engulf and destroy microorganisms and other foreign materials that are inhaled into the lungs.Dust cells: Dust cells are alveolar macrophages found in the lungs. They ingest and remove dust and debris from the respiratory tract. Sepal cells: Septal cells are the cells that form the septal wall of the alveolus, which is the thin wall between adjacent alveoli. They provide support for the alveoli and help maintain their shape. Involved in the diffusion of gases: Alveolar Type I cells are involved in the diffusion of gases. They are flat and thin-walled, allowing gases to diffuse rapidly between the air in the alveoli and the blood in nearby capillaries. Secret surfactant: Alveolar Type II cells secrete surfactant, a fluid that covers the surface of the alveoli and prevents them from collapsing. Alveolar Type I Cells: Alveolar Type I cells are flat and thin-walled, allowing gases to diffuse rapidly between the air in the alveoli and the blood in nearby capillaries. Alveolar Type Il Cells: Alveolar Type II cells secrete surfactant, a fluid that covers the surface of the alveoli and prevents them from collapsing. Alveolar Macrophages: Alveolar macrophages engulf and destroy microorganisms and other foreign materials that are inhaled into the lungs.

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The organism that can readily swarm a plate, overwhelming other, more slowly growing organisms is Proteus vulgaris. The potential presence of this organism makes it advisable to use selective media in initial cultures.

Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium that is part of the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is capable of movement through the production of flagella and is known to be highly motile. Due to its swarming ability, it can rapidly move across a surface and colonize it, leaving little space for other, more slowly growing organisms.

Proteus vulgaris can cause urinary tract infections, wound infections, and sepsis. In initial cultures, it is advisable to use selective media to identify the presence of Proteus vulgaris. This will ensure that other organisms are not grown on the media, thus allowing for an accurate identification of the bacterium. Selective media works by inhibiting the growth of unwanted organisms and promoting the growth of the desired organism.

For example, MacConkey agar is commonly used as selective media for enteric bacteria. It inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria and promotes the growth of gram-negative bacteria, making it useful for isolating Proteus vulgaris.

Therefore, using selective media in initial cultures is important for accurately identifying the presence of Proteus vulgaris.

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Water is a polar molecule that exhibits the properties of adhesion and cohesion. Cohesion, Adhesion, and Both . Cohesion: Water forms into a drop on a leaf and hangs down, but it does not drop. Blood flows up a narrow tube as a nurse collects a blood sample.

Adhesion: Water sticks to the cell walls of plants.

Both cohesion and adhesion: Water forms drops of rain in the air as a result of surface tension .The cohesive forces cause the liquid to hold together and minimize its  surface area, producing a spherical droplet shape. Cohesion is the attraction between two or more molecules of the same material.

Adhesion is the attraction between two different materials. Water molecules stick to a plant's cell walls because of the adhesion between them.

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Cell-Wall is a thick rigid barrier found outside of the cell membrane in plant cells. A cell wall is a thick, stiff layer that surrounds the cell and is located outside the cell membrane.

In addition to cellulose and protein, the cell wall also contains additional polysaccharides. The cell wall offers structural defense and support. Certain cell types have a stiff, partially permeable protective coating called a cell wall. In the majority of plant cells, as well as those of fungi, bacteria, algae, and certain archaea, this outer layer is situated close to the cell membrane (plasma membrane).

Nevertheless, animal cells lack a cell wall. A plant cell's cell wall is its outermost layer. It protects the cell while stiffening it. Cell walls are absent from animal cells. Every cell has a membrane around it as a form of defense.

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Correct Question:

_____ is a thick rigid barrier found outside of the cell membrane in plant cells.

The type of mutations, positive, negative or neutral, which are most likely to be seen in offspring several generations after the mutation occurred, are neutral mutations.

A neutral mutation is a type of genetic mutation that occurs when there is a slight alteration or shift in the genetic code of an organism that does not affect the phenotype or survival of that organism or its offspring. Neutral mutations can, however, accumulate over time, providing evolutionary raw material for later adaptation or speciation events. Neutral mutations are more likely to be passed down to the next generation because there is no selection pressure acting against them.

a. A single bacteria cell contains a positive mutation in its DNA: As bacteria reproduce by binary fission, the positive mutation is highly likely to be passed on to the offspring .b. A skin cell on a cat contains a positive mutation in its DNA: The positive mutation is unlikely to be passed on to the offspring because skin cells are not involved in reproduction. Only mutations that occur in cells that form eggs or sperm are likely to be passed down. c. A sperm cell in a whale contains a positive mutation in its DNA: As sperm cells are involved in reproduction, the positive mutation is highly likely to be passed on to the offspring.

However, Neutral mutations are more likely to be passed down to the next generation because there is no selection pressure acting against them.

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Autotrophs are living things that produce their own food and obtain their energy from nonliving sources. The another name for these organisms is Producers.

Because organism eat producers or other consumers, heterotrophs are referred to as consumers. Humans, dogs, and birds are all instances of heterotrophs. In a food chain, a group of creatures that supply energy and nutrients to other organisms, heterotrophs occupy the second and third levels.

The two main ways that organisms obtain energy are through exposure to light or chemical oxidation. Autotrophic organisms, or producers, transform light or chemicals into energy-rich organic molecules starting with carbon dioxide, which has a low energy content (CO2). The other species, the heterotrophs, receive their energy from these autotrophs.

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Correct Question:

___ are organism that get their energy from blank resources meaning they get their own food. These organism are called _____.

In the context of conservation biology, genetic diversity refers to the number and relative frequency of alleles in a population, species, or lineage. So, option B is correct.

The variety in genetic material within and between populations of a species is reflected by genetic diversity, which is a crucial component of biodiversity. Populations with genetic diversity can adapt to shifting environmental conditions, fend off disease, and avoid the detrimental consequences of inbreeding, genetic drift, and other factors that can make populations less fit. For species and ecosystems to survive over the long term, genetic diversity must be preserved.

Option (b) correctly defines genetic diversity as the number and relative frequency of alleles in a population, species, or lineage, while the other options are incorrect.

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The answer is option D: Met-Gly-Cys-Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro-Arg. This is due to the fact that the thermophile's body temperature is raised, and the enzymes and proteins required for the survival of the organism must work optimally in this environment.

A thermophile is an organism that can survive and flourish in hot environments. Such organisms are able to generate proteins that can endure high temperatures. To cope with the high temperatures, thermophiles produce specialized proteins, such as heat shock proteins, which are effective at ensuring the structural stability of other proteins within the organism. Due to the strong intermolecular forces and lower entropy, the bonds that maintain the three-dimensional shape of the protein are more likely to be preserved. The organism is then able to function optimally in this hot environment, and the protein is known as a thermostable protein.

However, Met-Gly-Cys-Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro-Arg this Partial Proteins Was Most Likely Assembled By A Thermophile.

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2.1) The early 1900s was pivotal for the science of genetics because of all of the above. Therefore, the correct option is d.

2.2) The characteristics that are shared by both bacterial and eukaryotic chromosomes are all of the above. Therefore, the correct option is e.

2.3) The part of the eukaryotic cell cycle which is not present is S0. Therefore, the correct option is c.

The early 1900s was a crucial period for genetics science due to the rediscovery of Gregor Medel's scientific discoveries, Thomas Hunt Morgan's identification of the first fruit-fly mutant, and Walter Sutton's proposal that chromosomes contain genes. Thus, the correct option is (d) All of the above.

2.2) The characteristics shared by bacterial and eukaryotic chromosomes are as follows: Centromeres, Organized around histones, Origin of replication, and Telomeres. Thus, the correct option is (e) all of the above.

2.3) The eukaryotic cell cycle is a cycle of growth and division that takes place in the eukaryotic cell. It involves four stages in the order of G1, S, G2, and M, where G stands for gap, S stands for synthesis, and M stands for mitosis. S0 is not a part of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Hence, the correct option is (c) S0.

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It is false that the oxygenated hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily when the pH is more basic.

Oxygenated hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily when the pH is more acidic. We know that the hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and carries it to the body's tissues and the binding then release the oxygen to and from hemoglobin which is then affected by the surrounding pH. In a more acidic environment, the hemoglobin molecule is more likely to release oxygen, while in a more basic environment, it is more likely to bind oxygen which is because hemoglobin is an acidic protein, and its affinity for oxygen increases as the pH around it decreases.

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Out of the given four options, option C: basing models on an incomplete or inaccurate observation is a limitation of using models in science is the correct one.

Scientific models are representations of complex systems or phenomena that allow scientists to make predictions and test hypotheses. However, models are based on observations and data, which may be incomplete or inaccurate. This can lead to inaccurate predictions and faulty conclusions, which can hinder scientific progress.

While delaying the outcome of an experiment or hindering experimenters from testing their hypotheses can be limitations of using models, they are not inherent limitations of using models. In fact, models can often speed up the process of scientific discovery by allowing scientists to make predictions without conducting time-consuming experiments. Similarly, models can facilitate communication among scientists by providing a common language and framework for discussing complex systems or phenomena.

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Eliminating invasive plants and replacing them with native plants is one aspect of urban management.

When a forest is cut down or destroyed, the best reforestation practices call for immediate planting. According to regulations issued by governments in numerous nations, companies that cut down trees are required to reestablish the equilibrium by planting new trees after logging.

Animals and plants from other parts of the world that don't belong in their new environment are known as invasive species. Ship ballast water, accidental release, and most frequently, people can all introduce them to an area.

The rapid expansion of cities and towns, also known as urban sprawl or suburban sprawl, is often characterized by low-density residential housing, single-use zoning, and an increased reliance on the private automobile for transportation.

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DNA is a polymer of nucleotides, which is composed of a ribose, phosphate, and nucleic acid. The 3'-OH (hydroxyl) characteristic of the ribose is required for termination of a DNA strand in DNA sequencing.

What is DNA? Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is a genetic material present in all living things. DNA contains the instructions that are required to develop and sustain life. DNA contains nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. A nucleotide consists of a deoxyribose sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule, and a nucleic acid molecule. The nitrogenous bases are the nucleic acid molecules that differ between the nucleotides.

A nucleotide is a phosphate molecule that is linked to the 3′ hydroxyl (OH) group of the deoxyribose sugar of one nucleotide and the 5′ hydroxyl (OH) group of the deoxyribose sugar of the next nucleotide. Because DNA is constructed of nucleotides that are linked through their phosphate and hydroxyl groups, sequencing of DNA involves breaking the chain and identifying each of the components to determine the order of the nucleotides that make up the sequence of DNA. Sequencing of DNA is a vital tool for the study of genetics, including the determination of the DNA sequence of an entire genome of an organism. Therefore, the 3'-OH (hydroxyl) characteristic of the ribose is required for termination of a DNA strand in DNA sequencing.

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Answer:

There are a multitude of different ways a person can take a piece of paper and cause a chemical change. However, the best example I can give you is to burn the paper.

List at least five terms from the introduction that you can use as keywords in your search.

Climate change

Ecosystem stability

Biotic factors

Abiotic factors

Biodiversity

Identify at least two websites or other sources you will use to start your research. If you end up using other websites or sources to answer the questions in Part 2, add them to this list. Cross out any websites that don't end up helping you complete the activity.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) website on global climate change

U.S. National Park Service (NPS) website, for information about ecosystems found in the national parks

Evaluate two of the sources you plan to use. Explain why each source seems credible and likely to contain accurate information. Evaluate the arguments they present. Do the arguments seem valid? Are they backed up by data? Identify possible sources of bias.

NASA website: The NASA website is a credible source because it is a government agency that specializes in space exploration and aeronautics. The website contains accurate information and data on climate change that has been peer-reviewed and published in scientific journals. The arguments presented on the website are valid and backed up by data. The website also includes possible sources of bias, such as political pressure and funding sources.

U.S. National Park Service (NPS) website: The NPS website is a credible source because it is a government agency that is responsible for preserving natural and cultural resources in the national parks. The website contains accurate information on ecosystems found in the national parks that has been peer-reviewed and published in scientific journals. The arguments presented on the website are valid and backed up by data. The website also includes possible sources of bias, such as political pressure and funding sources.

What ecosystem did you choose? What do you already know about this ecosystem, and what do you need to learn?

I chose the Great Barrier Reef ecosystem. I know that it is the world's largest coral reef system and is located off the coast of Australia. I need to learn more about the abiotic and biotic factors in this ecosystem, the keystone species, and how climate change is affecting its stability.

Describe your chosen ecosystem in detail. What abiotic factors are important? What biotic factors are important? What are the keystone species? How do the interactions of these factors affect the stability of the ecosystem?

The Great Barrier Reef ecosystem is a complex system of coral reefs, islands, and shallow waters. Some important abiotic factors in this ecosystem include water temperature, water quality, light levels, and salinity. Some important biotic factors include corals, fish, sea turtles, sharks, and dolphins. The keystone species in this ecosystem are the corals, which provide habitat and food for a diverse range of species. The interactions between these factors are important for the stability of the ecosystem. For example, changes in water temperature or quality can harm the corals, which in turn can affect the populations of other species that rely on them for food and habitat.

How has the climate been changing in your chosen ecosystem? List at least two specific changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, or other weather patterns. Include data from your research and cite your sources.

According to the NOAA climate website, the Great Barrier Reef ecosystem has experienced an increase in sea surface temperature of 0.9°C since the late 1800s. This increase in temperature has led to more frequent and severe coral bleaching events, which can lead to coral death. The website also states that the Great Barrier Reef has experienced more frequent and intense cyclones, which can damage the corals and disrupt the ecosystem.

In bacterial vaginosis, the vaginal flora shifts from normal aerobic flora to anaerobic one.

Bacterial vaginosis is the condition where bacterial growth becomes excessive. The vagina normally harbors a variety of bacteria, but in limited quantities. This condition is characterized by the flow of vaginal discharge which has a distinct odor.

Vaginal flora refers to the bacteria living inside the vagina of females. These bacteria usually belong to the Lactobacillus species. The shift in there population occurs when the normal pH of the vagina is disturbed. This causes the bacteria to overgrow anaerobically and cause the disease.

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The statement in question "the structure of the DNA determines which amino acids are put together to form a specific protein which is used to carry out the essential functions of life" is true. So the answer to that statement is true.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is the biological molecule that carries genetic information. In living organisms, DNA is the genetic material that is passed down from one generation to the next. DNA has a unique structure that allows it to store and transmit genetic information in a specific order. DNA contains the genetic code that determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Each amino acid is coded for by a specific sequence of three nucleotides in DNA called a codon, the sequence of codons in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

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In Guam, the brown tree snake is an invasive species that has caused a dramatic decline in biodiversity.

An invasive species is an animal or plant that is introduced to an ecosystem and causes damage to the natural environment. They could be brought to new areas as a result of human activities, such as the introduction of foreign species in shipping ballast or the use of non-native species in landscaping.

Brown tree snake in Guam: Brown tree snakes are a non-native species that were first introduced to Guam in the 1940s. It was unintentionally brought to the island as a stowaway on ships from Southeast Asia. Brown tree snakes have been thriving in the island because they do not have any natural predators in Guam, which has led to a decline in biodiversity as well as causing significant environmental and economic damages.

Invasive species like the brown tree snake are known for their destructive tendencies, and they have a significant impact on local ecosystems. They can damage habitats, reduce biodiversity, and cause economic losses.

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After a major event at 120 generations, an allele was lost from the population. In terms of diversity, this left the population with less genetic diversity.

An allele is a variant form of a gene that appears as a result of mutation. An allele is one of the possible alternative forms of a gene that can be present at a given locus (position) on a chromosome. A gene locus refers to a specific location on a chromosome where a particular gene is found.

Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genes and alleles that exist within a population. When a population has high genetic diversity, it implies that it has a wide range of genetic variability, making it easier for the population to adapt to environmental changes. It can also protect the population from disease or predation, increase its chances of survival and persistence, and give it greater resilience against genetic drift, inbreeding, and other factors that can reduce genetic diversity.

Therefore, losing an allele from a population results in a decrease in genetic diversity, which is a disadvantage for the population.

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True. Damage to cilia and irritation of the respiratory tract lining by components of smoke can increase susceptibility to infectious diseases.

Cilia are small, hair-like structures that line the respiratory tract and help to remove particles and germs from the air. When these cilia are damaged, it can reduce their ability to filter out germs, leading to a greater risk of infection. Similarly, irritation of the respiratory tract lining caused by smoke can increase inflammation and reduce the ability of the lining to prevent the entry of germs.

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If a substance in the plasma is filtered but not produced, metabolized, reabsorbed, or secreted by the kidney, then it means that it will be completely excreted in the urine.

The kidneys are organs that filter waste and toxins from the bloodstream. The kidneys work by filtering out substances in the blood that are harmful to the body or have served their function. The kidneys, for example, filter out excess water, urea, and minerals from the blood.

Substances that are present in the plasma but are not produced, metabolized, reabsorbed, or secreted by the kidney are excreted in the urine after filtration. This implies that the substance is not reabsorbed by the kidney since that is the only process that can lead to the substance's return to the bloodstream from the glomerular filtrate.

Only substances that are not filtered by the glomerulus or are filtered and then secreted or reabsorbed by the tubules are excluded from the urine.

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Answer:

Cytokinesis.

Explanation:

Substage of interphase immediately after a cell divides. Gap 1. Substage of interphase in which the cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division. Synthesis.