Only a small percentage of the particles have been seen to be deflected, while the majority have passed through the layer. Rutherford concluded as a result that an atom's mass was concentrated at its centre.
What happened to most of the particles that Rutherford shot at the sheet of gold foil?With his gold-foil experiment, physicist Ernest Rutherford developed the nuclear theory of the atom. When he shot a stream of alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil, a few of the particles were deflected. He determined that the deflections were being caused by a small, compact nucleus.Because the majority of the atom's space is unoccupied, the majority of alpha particles flowed through the gold foil without being deflected.The positive-charged alpha particles struck a piece of gold foil. Most alpha particles passed through unharmed. This demonstrated that the gold atoms primarily consisted of empty space.The majority of an atom is empty space, with a small, dense, positively-charged nucleus, as demonstrated by Rutherford's gold foil experiment. Rutherford suggested the nuclear model in response to these findings.To learn more about Rutherford refer to:
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Which rule for assigning oxidation numbers IS correct?
Hydrogen is usually -1.
Oxygen is usually -2.
• A pure group 1 element is +1.
• A monatomic ion is 0.
Answer:
B.) Oxygen is usually -2
Explanation:
Hydrogen is usually +1.
A pure group 1 element is not always +1.
A monoatomic ion can be a range of numbers. However, it must be a charge other than 0.
attractive forces between molecules in a solid are stronger
than bonds between atoms in a molecule
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Attractive forces between molecules in a solid are weaker than bonds between atoms in a molecule.
It takes much more energy to break intramolecular bonds (bonds within molecules) than it does to break intermolecular bonds (bonds between molecules). As a result, it is more difficult to break apart one molecule of a solid than it is to break the solid or separate the molecules from one another.
Molecules that have at least one carbon atom bonded to four different groups are __________ while molecules that do not contain a carbon atom bonded to four different groups are
Chiral carbon refers to compounds with at least one carbon atom connected to four different groups, whereas Achiral carbon refers to molecules without a carbon atom bonded to four separate groups.
What is Chiral carbon ?Chiral carbon centres are tetrahedrally positioned carbon atoms that have four distinct substituents bonded to them. The terms "stereogenic carbons" and "asymmetrical carbon atoms" are also used to describe chiral carbon atoms.
What is Achiral carbon ?An achiral molecule lacks "handedness" and can be superimposed on its mirror copy (think of a baseball bat, which can be used with either hand)
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a. How many Joules of energy are required to raise 3.50kg of water from 38.5 to 75.0C ? (specific heat of water is 4.184J/g C)(1000g=1kg)
b. How many grams of carbon are present if it requires 37.5 kJoules of energy to heat a sample from 30.0 to 55.0C ? (specific heat of carbon is 0.71 J/g C)
c. If 480.0 Joules is applies to a 50.0g sample of Hg in a thermometer that reads 25.0C, what will be the final temperature of the sample? (SH mercury is 0.14)
d. A 25.0kg sample of an unknown metal X requires 875kJ of energy to heat it from 55.0 to 125.0C. What is the specific heat of the unknown metal?
5.690x103 miles to meters.
900.0kg to grams
Please also give sig figs to all answers.
Answer fast please.
a.
A substance's specific heat tells you how much heat is required to increase the temperature of 1 g of that substance by 1°C.
The equation that establishes a relationshop between heat and change in temperature is
q = m • c • ∆T, where
q - heat absorbed
c - the specific heat of the substance, in your case of water
ΔT - the change in temperature, defined as the difference between the final temperature and the initial temperature
so:
q = 1.00 g • 4.18 J/g×°C • (75.0 - 38.5)°C
q = 152,57 J
just apply this formula for all exercises
A. How many Joules of energy are required to raise 3.50kg of water from 38.5 to 75.0C ? (specific heat of water is 4.184J/g C)(1000g=1kg)
Answer:
q = 534,506 Joules
q = 534.506 KiloJoules
534.506 KiloJoules or 534,506 Joules energy required to raise 3.50kg of water from 38.5 to 75.0C
What is sp.heat ?Sp. Heat is the heat required to increase the temperature of the 1 mass of a given substance by a [tex]1^{0}[/tex] C temperature.
The formula of specific heat Cp = [tex]\frac{q}{m (∆T)}[/tex]
Where,
q = energy of substance (Joules / KiloJoules),
Cp = Specific heat capacity of the substance (J/Kg.C),
m = mass of the substance
∆T = Change in temp.
Explanation:
Given data from que: -
Mss of the water (m) = 3.50 Kg = 3.50 × 1000 gm = 3500 gm
specific heat capacity of water (Cp) = 4.184J/g C
Change in temp (∆T) = 75.0 - 38.5 = 36.5
now, put all above given data in formula
we get
Cp = [tex]\frac{q}{m (∆T)}[/tex]
q = Cp ×m×∆T
q = 4.184×3500×36.5
q = 534,506 Joules
q = 534.506 KJ
i need help asapppp
You are a marine paleontologist working on the sediments in
the Mediterranean Sea. Seventeen different locations have
been investigated. Over four months your team found and
collected material that may once have been a part of an
ancient seabed. If it was an ancient seabed, it is likely to
contain fragments of shells and other fossils. After careful
analysis, you found one chemical to be predominant in all
seventeen samples. The percentage composition of this
compound was found to be 40.00% calcium, 11.99% carbon,
and 48.01% oxygen. The molar mass of the unknown
compound is 100.09 g/mol.
1. Find the empirical and molecular formulae for the unknown
compound (substance X). What is the name of this
compound?
The molecular formula of the compound is CaCO3.
What is the molecular formula?The molecular formula is the formula of the compound that shows the number of atoms present in the molecule.
Now, we have that;
Ca - 40.00/40 C - 11.99/12 O - 48.01/16
Ca - 1 C - 1 O - 3
The empirical formula of the compound is CaCO3
Now;
[40 + 12 + 3(16)]n = 100.09
n = 100.09 /100
n = 1
Hence, the molecular formula of the compound is CaCO3.
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Each coin has a mass of 21.94 g and a volume of 2 mL which of the following metals are the coins made of
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
The density of each element represents the mass (grams) per every 1 milliliter Therefore, if each coin is 2 milliliters, you need to divide the given mass by 2.
21.94 grams / 2 mL = 10.97 grams / 1 mL
This matches the density of silver.
If you have 100 ml of a 0.10 m tris buffer (pka 8.3) at ph 8.3 and you add 3.0 ml of 1.0 m hcl, what will be the new ph?
The new pH is 7.69.
According to Hendersen Hasselbach equation;
The Henderson Hasselbalch equation is an approximate equation that shows the relationship between the pH or pOH of a solution and the pKa or pKb and the ratio of the concentrations of the dissociated chemical species. To calculate the pH of the buffer solution made by mixing salt and weak acid/base. It is used to calculate the pKa value. Prepare buffer solution of needed pH.
pH = pKa + log10 ([A–]/[HA])
Here, 100 mL of 0.10 m TRIS buffer pH 8.3
pka = 8.3
0.005 mol of TRIS.
∴ [tex]8.3 = 8.3 + log \frac{[0.005]}{[0.005]}[/tex]
inverse log 0 = [tex]\frac{[B]}{[A]}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{[B]}{[A]} = 1[/tex]
Given; 3.0 ml of 1.0 m hcl.
pka = 8.3
0.003 mol of HCL.
[tex]pH = 8.3 + log \frac{[0.005-0.003]}{[0.005+0.003]}\\pH = 8.3 + log \frac{[0.002]}{[0.008]}\\\\pH = 8.3 + log {0.25}\\\\pH = 8.3 + (-0.62)\\pH = 7.69[/tex]
Therefore, the new pH is 7.69.
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Including the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coa, how many nadh, fadh2, atp, and gtp molecules are produced during the krebs cycle?
3 NADH + [tex]1FADH_{2}[/tex] + 1GTP (=ATP) is used during Krebs Cycle in every acetyl CoA
The Krebs cycle is also called citric acid cycle.The Krebs cycle is used for conversion pyruvate to acetyl CoA.The sequence of reaction in living organism in which oxidation of acetic acid or acetyl equivalent provides energy for storage in phosphate bonds.The pyruvate is important chemical compound in the biochemistry.The pyruvate is primary used as transporter of carbon atoms into the mitochondria and do complete oxidation of this carbon atoms into carbon dioxide.
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Which equation agrees with the ideal gas law?
StartFraction V subscript 1 over T subscript 1 EndFraction equals StartFraction V subscript 2 over T subscript 2 EndFraction.
V subscript 1 n subscript 1 equals V subscript 2 n subscript 2.
P subscript 1 n subscript 1 equals P subscript 2 n subscript 2.
StartFraction P subscript 1 over P subscript 2 EndFraction equals StartFraction T subscript 2 over T subscript 1.
The equation for ideal gas law is written as PV = nRT.
What is Ideal gas law?Ideal gas law states that, the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to the number on moles of gas, directly proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the pressure.
PV = nRT
where;
P is pressure of the gasV is volume of the gasn is number of molesR is ideal gas constantT is temperatureThus, the equation for ideal gas law is written as PV = nRT.
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Answer:
A edg
Explanation:
A _____________ is a reagent that protects a component of the analyte from reaction with edta.
a. hindrance agent
b. displacement agent
c. masking agent
d. blocking agent
e. reducing agent
What is the general trend for atomic radius as you go down the noble gas family?
Answer:
the atomic radius is larger as you go down the noble gas family
A radioactive isotope is an isotope that
Considering the definition of radioisotope, a radioactive isotope is an isotope that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons, or excess energy in their nucleus.
What is isotopeAn atomic species is defined by the number of protons in the nucleus (called the atomic number, Z) and the total number of protons plus neutrons (called the mass number, A).
Isotopes are those atoms of an element with the same atomic number but different atomic mass, that is, with the same number of protons and therefore identical chemical properties, but different numbers of neutrons and different physical properties.
Isotopes can be stable and unstable or radioisotopes.
What is radioisotopeSo, a radioisotope is a chemical element whose nucleus is unstable, that is, in imbalance in the relationship between protons and neutrons. Due to this, this element releases the excess energy it contains in the form of ionizing radiation until this element reaches stability.
In summary, radioisotopes are the unstable form of an element that emits radiation to transform into a more stable form.
SummaryFinally, a radioactive isotope is an isotope that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons, or excess energy in their nucleus.
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You are an astrophysicist and have discovered a new star. You use a spectrometer to read the absorption spectrum of the star. Based on the data below, what elements does the star contain?
A. H and He
B. H
C. He and Hg
D. H, He, and Hg
Based on the data below, the elements that the star contains is a combination of Hydrogen and Helium. (Option A)
It is to be noted that Hydrogen is a simple atom with a straightforward spectrum. Aside from the three lines seen above, another in blue at 410 nm may be visible.
However, Helium, on the other hand, is a little more complicated than hydrogen, with one yellow line and a number in blue.
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Look at picture for the question
The amount, in grams, of carbon tetrachloride that would be present, will be 22.99 grams.
Finding the mass from the number of particlesFor every one mole of any substance, there are 6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms of particles. This is according to Avogadro.
Now, there are 9 x [tex]10^{22[/tex] particles in this particular carbon tetrachloride.
If 1 mole = 6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] particles
Then,
9 x [tex]10^{22[/tex] particles = 9 x [tex]10^{22[/tex] x 1/6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] particles
= 0.1495 moles
Carbon tetrachloride has the chemical formula CCl4 and has a molar mass of 153.82 g/mol.
Recall that: mole = mass/molar mass
Hence, mass = mole x molar mass.
Mass of 0.1495 moles CCl4 = 0.1495 x 153.82 = 22.99 grams
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When testing the temperature of catalase, what would happen if you changed the temperature using the same tube with the same catalase and hydrogen oxide mixture?.
The hydrogen bonds between molecules of hydrogen peroxide loosen as temperature rises toward the optimal point, facilitating catalase's reaction with the molecules. The enzyme denatures and its structure is affected if the temperature rises above the ideal level.
What is a catalase?The catalase is an enzyme that is responsible for reducing hydrogen peroxide.
What does catalase do?This enzyme is in charge of neutralizing hydrogen peroxide through its breakdownIt hence preserves an ideal level of the molecule in the cell that is also necessary for cellular signaling processesImportance of catalase enzyme:Almost every organism that is exposed to oxygen contains the very common enzyme catalase. In order to prevent oxidative damage, which can happen when cells or other molecules in the body come into contact with oxidative chemicals, catalase serves as a protective barrier in live cells.To learn more about catalase visit:
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The hydrogen bonds between molecules of hydrogen peroxide loosen as temperature rises toward the optimal point, facilitating catalase's reaction with the molecules. The enzyme denatures and its structure is affected if the temperature rises above the ideal level.
What is a catalase?The catalase is an enzyme that is responsible for reducing hydrogen peroxide.
What does catalase do?This enzyme is in charge of neutralizing hydrogen peroxide through its breakdownIt hence preserves an ideal level of the molecule in the cell that is also necessary for cellular signaling processesImportance of catalase enzyme:Almost every organism that is exposed to oxygen contains the very common enzyme catalase.In order to prevent oxidative damage, which can happen when cells or other molecules in the body come into contact with oxidative chemicals, catalase serves as a protective barrier in live cells.To learn more about catalase visit:
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Insulating materials are composed of atoms with?
Insulating materials are composed of atoms with tightly bound outer electrons.
What is Insulating Material ?The material that stop the flow of Sound, Heat and Electricity by them are called Insulating Material. Insulator are the materials whose atoms have tightly bound outer electrons because electrons are not free to shared by neighboring atoms.
Examples: Glass, Plastic, Rubber, Air and Wood.
What are the types of Insulating Material ?There are mainly three types of Insulating Material:
Heat Insulator Electricity Insulator Sound InsulatorThus from the above conclusion we can say that Insulating materials are composed of atoms with tightly bound outer electrons.
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Calculate the mass of 2.5 moles of NaCl?
The mass of 2.5 moles of NaCl is 146.25 g.
What is a Moles?A mole is defined as the quantity of a material that includes precisely 6.02214076 X 1023 of the substance's elementary entities.A substance is said to have a mole with a mass equal to 12.000 g of 12C and the same number of basic units as atoms.The mole can be used to calculate the quantities involved in chemical processes and identify the simplest formula of a compound. The molarity notion, which is related, helps discuss reactions in solutions. The number of moles of a solute in a liter of solution is known as molarity (M).Quantities that cannot be quantified using units like grams or milligrams are referred to as moles. A mole thus counts the quantity of atoms, ions, or molecules.The mass of 2.5 moles of NaCl:
So, one mole of NaCl weighs 58.44 g. A 2.5 M solution is 2.5 moles per liter (Molarity is just the number of moles per liter). Therefore, 0.5 L would contain 1.25 mole. Hence, you would need 58.5×2.5 = 146.25 g
m(NaCl) = M×n
m(NaCl) = 58.5×2.5 = 146.25 g
The mass of 2.5 moles of NaCl is 146.25 g.
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The mass of NaCl is 146.25g .
Calculate the molar mass of NaCl ?
The Atomic mass of Na is 23g
Atomic mass of Cl is 35.5g
In the formula there is only one molecule of each element is present so,
Molar mass =23×1+35.5
. →58.5g/ mol
We have given ,
moles of NaCl →2.5 mol
molar mass of NaCl we have found earlier ,
58.5g/mol
No of moles = weight of NaCl /Mb
Mb represent molar mass ofNaCl
2.5=Wb/58.5
Weight of Nacl= 58.5×2.5
. →146.25g
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What is the true ratio of atoms in a molecule or formula unit called?
the molecular formula
the molar mass
the percent composition
the empirical formula
The true ratio of atoms in a molecule or formula unit is called molecular formula
What is empirical formula?This is the simplest formula that shows the ratio of the different atoms present in a compound.
What is molecular formula?This is the formula of a compound which gives the true or actual ratios of the different atoms present in a compound
What is molar mass?The molar mass of a compound is defined as the sum total of the molar masses of the different atoms present in the compound.
What is percentage composition?This gives the proportion of the different atoms present in a compound.
From the above definitions, we can conclude that the correct answer to the question is molecular formula
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__________ is the use of high energy radiation to kill cancer cells.
Answer:
Radiation therapy is the use of high energy radiation to kill cancer cells.
Answer:
Radiation Therapy.
Explanation:
Also known as radiotherapy, it uses high-energy radiation to damage and/or kill cancer cells.
mass of an atom of element x is equivalent to the total mass of 7 hydrogen atoms. what element represent x ?
Answer:
lithium
Explanation:
The mass of hydrogen is 1 u, so the mass of element x is 7 u, which is approximately the atomic mass of lithium.
What is the element with the abbreviated electron configuration [kr]5 s 24 d 8?
The element with the abbreviated electron configuration is palladium.
Abbreviated electron configurationsElectron configurations can be abbreviated using the noble gas configuration. The noble gas elements have completely filled orbitals.
The noble gases are:
Helium with an atomic number of 2Neon with an atomic number of 10Argon with an atomic number of 18Krypton with an atomic number of 36And so on.For example, an element with the atomic number 4 can have its electron configuration written as [He] [tex]2S^2[/tex].
An element with the abbreviated atomic number [Kr] [tex]5s^2[/tex] [tex]4d^8[/tex] has a total of the atomic number of Kr + 2 + 8.
36+2+8 = 46 electrons.
The element with the atomic number of 46 is palladium.
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Noble gases are the least reactive elements on the periodic table
True or false
True. Noble gases are the least reactive elements on the periodic table
What are noble gases?They are a group of elements with completely filled orbitals. In other words, they have zero valence electrons.
Without having valence electrons, it becomes difficult for this group of elements to form bonds with other elements either by electron donation or sharing.
However, they can be made to form bonds with other elements under special conditions.
Thus, they are the least reactive of all the elements in the periodic table.
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Answer:
TRUE!"Why?"
The Noble Gases have eight valence electrons, which fill their outer energy level. This is the most stable arrangement of electrons, so noble gases rarely react with other elements and form compounds.
Hope this helps!
What best defines an extensive property of a substance? (4 points) A property that is observable A property that is measurable A physical property that depends on the sample size A physical property that is not dependent on sample size
Answer:
A physical property that depends on the sample size
Explanation:
A molecule with the formula ab3 and a trigonal planar molecular geometry uses ________ to form its σ bonds.
A molecule with the formula ab3 and a trigonal planar molecular geometry uses sp2 hybridization to form its σ bonds.
Trigonal hybridization is another name for sp2 hybridization. To create the new hybrid orbital known as sp2, one's orbital and two 'p' orbitals of equal energy are mixed together. Trigonal symmetry was used to generate a mixture of s and p orbitals, which are kept at 1200.
One s orbital and two p orbitals combine to generate three sp2 hybridizations, each of which has a 33 percent s character and a 67 percent p character. This process is known as sp2 hybridization. Anytime an atom is surrounded by three groups of electrons, this kind of sp2 hybridization is necessary.
Both the carbon and oxygen atoms are sp2 hybridized. The carbon atom can establish three bonds, one of which is to the oxygen, and possesses three sp2 hybridized orbitals.
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At 55 mph, it takes about ____ feet to react to something you see and to bring the car to a complete stop.
At 55 mph, it takes about 228 feet to react to something you see and to bring the car to a complete stop.
It has taken as long as afootball field to stop your car at 55 mph ( 265 and 303 feet) and is assuming you were alert. If you drive at 55 mph on a dry , level pavement , your average stopping distance will be 265 feet . The stopping distance increases in the adverse conditions.
The car stops when both tire and the car have comes to a completely on rest point.
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Which describes the oxidizing agent in a chemical reaction?
the substance that is oxidized because it loses electrons
the substance that is reduced because it loses electrons
the substance that is oxidized because it gains electrons
the substance that is reduced because it gains electrons
The statement that describes the oxidizing agent in a chemical reaction is the substance that is reduced because it gains electrons (option D).
What is a redox reaction?A redox reaction is a chemical reaction in which some of the atoms have their oxidation number changed.
In a redox reaction, there are oxidizing and reducing agents. The oxidizing agent is the substance that receives electrons from another substance, hence, becoming reduced.
Therefore, the statement that describes the oxidizing agent in a chemical reaction is the substance that is reduced because it gains electrons.
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Answer:D
Explanation:
took test
Provide the IUPAC name for the compound below. a. 1-chloro-4-methylpent-2-yne b. 5-chloro-2-methylpent-3-yne c. sec-butylchloromethylacetylene d.1-chloro-4,4-dimethylbut-2-yne
Answer: a. 1-chloro-4-methylpent-2-yne - [tex]C_6H_9Cl[/tex]
b. 5-chloro-2-methylpent-3-yne - [tex]C_6H_7Cl[/tex]
c. sec-butyl chloromethyl acetylene - [tex]C_{12}H_{21}ClO_2[/tex]
d.1-chloro-4,4-dimethylbut-2-yne - [tex]C_6H_9Cl[/tex]
What is the full name of IUPAC?
The full name of IUPAC is International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The compound's name is typed out first, followed by the base name and the substituents in alphabetical order (derived from the number of carbons in the parent chain). Between numbers and letters are separated by dashes and commas, respectively. The name has no spaces.
Therefore, a. 1-chloro-4-methylpent-2-yne - [tex]C_6H_9Cl[/tex]
b. 5-chloro-2-methylpent-3-yne - [tex]C_6H_7Cl[/tex]
c. sec-butyl chloromethyl acetylene - [tex]C_{12}H_{21}ClO_2[/tex]
d.1-chloro-4,4-dimethylbut-2-yne - [tex]C_6H_9Cl[/tex]
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For a second order reaction, if [A]^-1 is plotted vs. time, which corresponds to the slope of the plot?
a. 1/a
b. K
c. 1/k
d. Ln[a]
e. -k
For a second order reaction, if (A)^-1 is plotted vs. time is straight line with k= slope of the line,Plot the inverse of concentration of a reactnt verus time.
Second order reaction defined as chemical reactions which is the sum of the exponents in the rate of law of the chemical reaction is equal to two.The such reaction is written as the - r=k(A)2 or r= k(A)(B).
Second order reaction is a type of reaction which is depend on the concentrations of one second order or two first order reactants.Reaction proceeds at rate proportional to the square of the product of the concentration of one reactant, or the product of the concentrations of two reactant.
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A __________________ election is the type of election in which candidates from the same party compete against one another to try to win the party's nomination.
A primary election is the type of election in which candidates from the same party compete against one another to try to win the party's nomination.
A formal procedure of communal decision-making, an election that's how a population chooses a person or people to hold public office.
A general election would be one that takes place simultaneously throughout all constituencies, usually the day before or within a few days. When a member dies or resigns, elections may be conducted just for that constituency to replace the vacancy.
For positions with fixed terms, such as that of the president, governor, or legislator, primaries are frequently held. There are normally no special primaries for positions that could be replaced without holding a new election, including such a prime minister.
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Write the empirical formula for at least four ionic compounds that could be formed from the following ions: