In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula -OH and consists of an oxygen atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxyl groups. In organic chemistry, an aldehyde is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R-CH=O. The functional group itself is sometimes called an aldehyde, but it can also be classified as a formyl group. Aldehydes are ubiquitous and play an important role in technology and biology. The group priority is -OCH3>OH>COOH>CHO. According to the F. Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, a priority (1, 2, 3, or 4) is assigned in descending order of atomic number to the atoms directly bonded to the stereocenter the atom with the highest atomic number gets the highest priority.
If the concentration of fluoride anion and aluminum cation was increased to 5 m, by how much would the measured ecell change?.
If the concentration of fluoride anion and aluminum cation was increased to 5M, then there would be decrease in Ecell by 0.055 volts
The standard reduction potential of Fluoride anion and aluminum cation are -
2Al -----> 2Al3+ + 6e- [tex]E^o[/tex]cell = +1.66
6e- + 3F2 -----> 6F- [tex]E^o[/tex]cell = +2.87
The complete reaction is -
2Al + 3F2 ------> 2Al3+ + 6F- [tex]E^o[/tex] = +4.53
Using Nernst Equation :-
E = [tex]E^o[/tex] – 0.0592/n*log[Al3+]^2[F-]^6
n = 6 (n = number of transferred electrons)
E = +4.53 - 0.0592/6*log(5)^2(5)^6
E = +4.53 - 0.00987*log(25)(1.56 x 10^4)
E = +4.53 – 0.00987*log(3.9 x 10^5)
E = + 4.53 -0.00987(5.59)
E = + 4.53 - 0.055
E = +4.47
The change in Ecell = 5 - 4.47 = 0.055V
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How will designing more efficient stoves help conserve fuel?
Answer:
it would do wonders for the health of those using them and, by extracting energy from the fuel more efficiently, would be more environmentally sustainable too.
predict the theoretical mass of baco3 that should form
A precipitation reaction occurs when 50. 0 mL of 0. 50 M BaCl₂ is mixed with 75. 0 mL of 0. 75 M Na₂CO₃ (aq). The only precipitate is the BaCO₃ (s) formed. (a) The balanced chemical equation is BaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ → BaCO₃ + 2NaCl. (b) The limiting reagent is Na₂CO₃.
What is Balanced Chemical Equation ?The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.
Now we have to write the balanced equation
BaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ → BaCO₃ + 2NaCl
How to find the number of moles ?To calculate number of moles when molarity and volume are given as:
Number of moles = Molarity × Volume
Now,
Number of moles of BaCl₂ = Molarity × Volume
= 0.50 M × 0.05 L [1 ml = 0.001 L]
= 0.025 moles
Number of moles of Na₂CO₃ = Molarity × Volume
= 0.75 M × 0.075 L [1 ml = 0.001 L]
= 0.05625 moles
The limiting reagent is Na₂CO₃ here.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A precipitation reaction occurs when 50. 0 mL of 0. 50 M BaCl₂ is mixed with 75. 0 mL of 0. 75 M Na₂CO₃ (aq). The only precipitate is the BaCO₃ (s) formed. (a) The balanced chemical equation is BaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ → BaCO₃ + 2NaCl. (b) The limiting reagent is Na₂CO₃.
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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.
Question: A precipitation reaction occurs when 50. 0 mL of 0. 50 M BaCl₂ is mixed with 75. 0 mL of 0. 75 M Na₂CO₃ (aq). The only precipitate is the BaCO₃ (s) formed.
a) Write the balanced equation that describes this reaction.
b) Which chemical is the limiting reactant
A proton exits the cyclotron 1. 0 ms after starting its spiral trajectory in the center of the cyclotron. How many orbits does the proton complete during this 1. 0 ms ?.
Orbits do the proton complete:
A proton exits the cyclotron 1. 0 ms after starting its spiral trajectory in the center of the cyclotron and 1.8 x [tex]10^{4}[/tex] orbits does the proton complete during this 1. 0 ms
Calculation:
(a) The kinetic energy of the proton is given by, K.E. = [tex]\frac{1}{2} m v^{2}[/tex]
v = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{2(K E)}{m}}[/tex]
v = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{2(6.5 \mathrm{MeV})\left(1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{eV}\right)}{1.672 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}}}[/tex]= 3.5 [tex]\times 10^{7} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}[/tex]
The radius of the orbit is given by,
r = [tex]\frac{m v}{B q}=\frac{1.672 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}\left(3.5 \times 10^{7} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\right)}{(1.2 \mathrm{~T})\left(1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}\right)}[/tex] = 0.30 m
Hence, the diameter of the largest orbit just before the proton leaves the orbit is 0.60 m.
(b) The time required to complete one revolution is given by, T=[tex]\frac{2 \pi m}{B q}=\frac{2 \pi\left(1.672 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}\right)}{(1.2 \mathrm{~T})\left(1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}\right)}[/tex] =5.48 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] s
The number of revolutions made by the proton is given by,
Tn = t
Therefore, n = t/T = [tex]\frac{1 \mathrm{~ms}}{5.48 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{~s}}[/tex] = 1.8 x [tex]10^{4}[/tex]
Note: your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was, A medical cyclotron used in the production of medical isotopes
accelerates protons to 6.5 MeV. The magnetic field in the
cyclotron is 1.2 T.
a. What is the diameter of the largest orbit, just before the protons
exit the cyclotron?
b. A proton exits the cyclotron 1.0 ms after starting its spiral
trajectory in the center of the cyclotron. How many orbits
does the proton complete during this 1.0 ms?
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Which battery terminal should be connected to the anode and what reaction will occur at the anode?
A) The negative terminal of the battery. Cu2+(aq) + 2e- → Cu(s)
B) The positive terminal of the battery. Cu2+(aq) + 2e- → Cu(s)
C) The negative terminal of the battery. Cu(s) → Cu2+(aq) + 2e-
D) The positive terminal of the battery. Cu(s) → Cu2+(aq) + 2e-
E) The negative terminal of the battery where the brass will be oxidized.
F) The positive terminal of the battery where the brass will be oxidized.
The positive terminal of the battery should be connected to the anode .and Cu(s) → [tex]Cu^{+2} (aq)[/tex] + [tex]2e^{-}[/tex] reaction will occur at the anode.
In electrolysis, the two wires or plates dipping into the electrolytic solution is called electrodes.
The battery is galvanic cell which produce electric current. An electrode connected to positive terminal of the battery is called anode. At anode, oxidation ( loss of electrons) is takes place.
Cu(s) → [tex]Cu^{+2} (aq)[/tex] + [tex]2e^{-}[/tex]
An electrode connected to negative terminal of the battery is called cathode. At cathode, reduction ( gain of electrons) is takes place.
[tex]Zn^{+2} + 2e^{-}[/tex] → [tex]Zn(s)[/tex]
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Help!!
I₂(s) + 5F₂(g) → 2IF₅(g)
A 10.00 L flask is charged with 16.0 grams of I₂ and 2.00 atm of F₂ at 25°C. The flask is heated to 100°C until one of the reagents is completely consumed. What will be the total pressure (in atm) of the final products in the flask at 100°C? (Assume ideal gas behavior).
The total atmospheric pressure of the final product in the flask is 18.36atm
What is atmospheric pressure?Atmospheric pressure can be defined as the force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to earth.
Furthermore, the standard atmosphere is a unit of pressure which is also defined as:
101,325 Pa =760mmHg
So therefore, the total pressure of the final product in the flask is 18.36atm
Complete question:
Gaseous iodine pentafluoride, IF₅, can be prepared by the reaction of solid iodine and gaseous fluorine:
I₂(s) + 5F₂(g) → 2IF₅(g)
A 10.00 L flask is charged with 19.0 grams of I₂ and 2.00 atm of F₂ at 25°C. The flask is heated to 100°C until one of the reagents is completely consumed. What will be the total pressure (in atm) of the final products in the flask at 100°C? (Assume ideal gas behavior)
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please help with question #2
The Ksp of the solution is 3.2 * 10^-8.
What is Ksp?The Ksp is called the solubility product . We know it to be the equilibrium constant that shows the extent to which a substance is dissolved in solution.
Now given that;
CaF2(s) ⇔ Ca^2+(aq) + 2F^-(aq)
Ksp = [ Ca^2+] [F^-]^2
Ksp = [0.002] [0.004]^2
Ksp = 3.2 * 10^-8
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Which of the following is an indicator of a chemical reaction? CA. Changing states of matter (solid to liquid) CB. Two different compounds mixing and remaining separate CC. Increasing in temperature D. Decreasing in size
Answer:
All except 2nd one
Explanation:
States of matter changes in chemical reactionIn Exothermic reactions temperature increasesIn first order reactions or radioactive reactions size decreases because of decayAnswer:
CB. Two different compounds mixing and remaining separate is not correct!
Use the appropriate standard reduction potentials below to determine the equilibrium constant at 211 K for the following reaction under acidic conditions.
The equilibrium constant K is 17.78 × 10²⁷ at 255 K for the following reaction under acidic conditions.
4H⁺ (aq) + MnO₂ (s) + 2Fe⁺² (aq) → Mn⁺² (aq) + 2Fe⁺³ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)
What is the relation between standard electrode potential and equilibrium constant ?The relation between standard electrode potential and equilibrium constant is as follows:
G = -2.303 RT log K
-nFE° = -2.303 RT logK
[tex]\log K = \frac{nFE^{\circ}_{\text{cell}}}{2.303RT}[/tex]
Here,
n = 2
F = 96500
[tex]E^{\circ}_{\text{Cell}} = E^{\circ}_{\text{reduced}} - E^{\circ}_{\text{oxidized}}[/tex]
= 0.77 V - 1.51 V
= -0.74 V
R = 8.314 J/K mole
T = 255 K
Now put the values in above formula we get
[tex]\log K = \frac{nFE^{\circ}_{\text{cell}}}{2.303RT}[/tex]
[tex]\log K = \frac{2 \times 96500 \times (-0.74)}{2.303 \times 8.314\ \text{J/K mole} \times 255\ K}[/tex]
[tex]\log K = \frac{-142820}{4882.521}[/tex]
log K = 29.25
K = 17.78 × 10²⁷
The equilibrium constant K is 17.78 × 10²⁷ at 255 K for the following reaction under acidic conditions.
4H⁺ (aq) + MnO₂ (s) + 2Fe⁺² (aq) → Mn⁺² (aq) + 2Fe⁺³ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)
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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.
Question: Use the appropriate standard reduction potentials below to determine the equilibrium constant at 255 K for the following reaction under acidic conditions.
4H⁺ (aq) + MnO₂ (s) + 2Fe⁺² (aq) → Mn⁺² (aq) + 2Fe⁺³ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)
The equation that relates equilibrium constants with cell potentials is
[tex]\log K = \frac{nFE^{\circ}_{\text{cell}}}{2.303RT}[/tex]
Use this formula, along with the information in the appendix of your book to solve for K.
What three letters are always added to the end of nonmetals in naming ionic compounds?
Answer:
-ide
Explanation:
Ionic compounds are made up of two parts: a cation and an anion. The cation is positively charged (less electrons) and the anion is negatively charged (more electrons). When naming these compounds, if the anions are nonmetals, they have their endings dropped in order to add the new ending: -ide.
Examples,
CaCl₂ ----> calcium chloride
BaF₂ -----> barium fluoride
MgO -----> magnesium oxide
The book value of a machine, as shown on the balance sheet, is not relevant in a decision concerning the replacement of that machine by another machine. (Ignore taxes.) Group starts
The book value of a machine, as shown on the balance sheet, is not relevant in a decision concerning the replacement of that machine by another machine: TRUE
What is the book value?Book value is the worth of an asset based on its balance sheet account balance in accounting. The value of an asset is determined by subtracting the asset's original cost from any depreciation, amortization, or impairment expenses. Traditionally, a company's book value is equal to its total assets minus intangible assets and liabilities. In practice, however, depending on the source of the computation, book value may include either goodwill or intangible assets, or both. The value inherent in its employees, which is part of a company's intellectual capital, is always overlooked. When intangible assets and goodwill are specifically omitted, the indicator is frequently defined as "tangible book value."Therefore, the statement "the book value of a machine, as shown on the balance sheet, is not relevant in a decision concerning the replacement of that machine by another machine" is TRUE.
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Complete question:
The book value of a machine, as shown on the balance sheet, is not relevant in a decision concerning the replacement of that machine by another machine. (Ignore taxes.) TRUE or FALSE
Four students all do the same experiment for the science fair. They test reaction times for pushing a button when a specific color is shown. Their data is as follows: ⎡⎣⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢Student 1Student 2Student 3Student 4Reaction Time (seconds)Trial 10.440.350.410.42Trial 20.410.430.520.43Trial 30.470.380.570.41Trial 40.390.390.460.42Trial 50.460.420.550.41Trial 60.420.440.490.42⎤⎦⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥ Put the students in order from most to least reliable data. A. Student 3, Student 2, Student 1, Student 4 B. Student 2, Student 1, Student 4, Student 3 C. Student 4, Student 1, Student 2, Student 3 D. Student 1, Student 2, Student 3, Student 4
The order of the students from the most reliable to the least reliable is C. Student 4, Student 1, Student 2, Student 3.
what student has the most reliable data?the student with the most reliable data is the one that has the least variation in their data in the various trials.
this student is therefore student 4.
the next student would be student 1 and student 2 would be the third most reliable.
student 3 has large variations in their trials which makes their data the least reliable.
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which bases are called alkaline
Answer:
Any base with an ability to dissolve in water are called alkalis. All alkalis are bases, however, not all bases are alkalis.
Based on the observed performance of the air bag models and the amounts of sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid (vinegar) needed for an automotive air bag of 80 or 160 L, are these reactants a good substitute for sodium azide
The reactants are not good a good substitute for sodium azide in airbags because sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid produces far less volume of gas than sodium azide.
Which of the reactants produces greater volume of gas?The chemical equation of the reactions is given below:
Sodium azide reaction: 2 NaN₃ → 2 Na + 3 N₂Sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid reaction: Na₂CO₃ + CH₃COOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O + CO₂The molar volume of all gases is 22.4 L
Based on the mole ratio, sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid produces far less volume of gas than sodium azide. Thus, the reactants are not good a good substitute for sodium azide.
In conclusion, the molar volume of gases is constant.
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name the raw materials for extracting iron
Answer:
Iron ore, coke and lime stone are some raw materials used for extracting iron.
Hope it helps! :)
The addition of an inert gas has no effect on the equilibrium position of a gaseous reaction because ______. Multiple choice question. the inert gas has no effect on the equilibrium system at all since it is not involved in the reaction the partial pressures of the reaction components remain the same the reaction quotient compensates for the inert gas the total pressure of the system remain the same
Inert gas does not affect the equilibrium position:
It is because the partial pressures of the reaction components remain the same.
What is Inert Gas?
Under a given set of conditions, an inert gas is a gas that does not undergo chemical reactions.The noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon) were previously known as "inert gases" due to their perceived lack of involvement in any biochemical processes.Because inert gases are non-reactive, they do not affect equilibrium partial pressures and thus do not affect volume.An inert gas does not react with the reactants or products; it does not change the concentration of the products and reactants. Furthermore, because the volume is constant, the concentrations are unaffected. As a result, this does not affect equilibrium.The equilibrium position won't change if an inert gas is added. A volume change won't change the equilibrium position if the total moles of gas in the products and reactants are the same. When the volume is reduced, the process changes to create fewer moles of gas.
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In the lab, you looked at speed-time graphs to determine the acceleration of the cart for each of the three fan speeds. what was the acceleration of the cart with low fan speed? cm/s2 what was the acceleration of the cart with medium fan speed? cm/s2 what was the acceleration of the cart with high fan speed? cm/s2
Answer:
See below.
Explanation:
Acceleration is the change in velocity over a period of time.
Let vi be the initial velocity.
Let vf be the final velocity.
t is the time it took to go from vi to vf.
Acceleration is (vf-vi)/t
If the initial velocity was 2 cm/s and the final velocity was 10 cm/s, the object would have incresed it's velocity by (10 - 2) or 8 cm/s. If iit took 10 seconds to reach vf, the acceleration would be:
(8 cm/s)/(10 s) = 0.8 cm/s^2
Which method can be used to detect the end point of an EDTA titration?
a) redox indicator
b) metal ion indicator
c) ion-selective electrode
d) acid-base indicator
Answer:
b) metal ion indicator
Explanation:
The metal ion indicator is a type of volumetric analysis wherein the colored complex is used to determine the endpoint of the titration. Therefore, it can be used to detect the end-point of an EDTA titration.
To demonstrate the formation of iron (iii) chloride from iron fillings
Iron (iii) chloride is obtained by vapor condensation from the reaction between chlorine gas and iron fillings.
How can iron (iii) chloride be formed from iron fillings?Iron (ii) chloride can be formed from iron fillings in the laboratory as follows:
Iron fillings + Cl₂ → FeCl₃Chlorine gas is introduced into a reaction vessel containing iron fillings and the iron (iii) chloride vapor formed is obtained by condensation.
In conclusion, iron (iii) chloride is formed by the the direct combination of iron fillings and chlorine gas.
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Magnesium and calcium have similar chemical properties because their atoms in the ground state have.
Magnesium and calcium have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their valence shells.
What does magnesium and calcium have in common?
The valence/outermost shell of magnesium and calcium both has two electrons. An element's chemical characteristics are dictated by how its electrons are arranged in their orbits around the nucleus. The same number of protons and electrons means that an element's chemical behavior is fundamentally determined by its atomic number, which explains why Mg and Ca share the same chemical properties.
On the periodic table, magnesium and calcium are both located in the second vertical column. Magnesium and calcium are alkaline earth metals, just like all Group 2 elements. Both of them are salt-forming soft, silver-colored metals that respond fast to halogen gases like fluorine, chlorine, and bromine.
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What is a molecular dipole moment?
Consider the chemical equation in equilibrium. CH4(g) H2O(g) CO(g) 3H2(g) What will happen to the equilibrium of this reaction if the pressure is increased
The equilibrium of this reaction will shift to the left to favor the reverse reaction if the pressure is increased.
Balanced chemical equation
CH₄(g) + H₂O(g) → CO(g) + 3H₂(g)
The principle suggests
The equilibrium will move to the side of the reaction where there are fewer moles of gas as pressure increases.
And the equilibrium will move toward the side of the reaction where there are more gas molecules when the pressure is reduced.
In the given chemical equation
The no. of moles of reactant = 2
The no of moles of the product = 4
Total moles of reactant is less than that of total moles of product
Therefore, If the pressure is increased the equilibrium of this reaction will shift to the left to favor the reverse reaction.
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Phosphorus reacts with oxygen gas to produce solid diphosphorus pentoxide. What type of reaction is represented
It is a combination reaction.
P + O₂ → P₂O₅
What is a combination reaction?Combination reactions are those in which two or more reactants combine to create a single product.
A synthesis reaction is another name for a combination reaction. The overall form of the reaction is as follows:
X + Y → XY
There can be a combination reaction between two elements, two compounds, or a compound and an element.
Examples:
H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl
P + O₂ → P₂O₅
C + O₂ → CO₂
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What would be the value for the ideal gas constant (R) if pressure (P) is in kilopascals, temperature (T)
is in kelvins, volume (V) is in liters, and amount of gas (n) is in moles?
Answer:
R = 8.314 pKa*L/mol*K
The value for the ideal gas constant (R) is approximately 8.314 kPa·L/(mol·K).
To determine the value for the ideal gas constant (R) when pressure (P) is in kilopascals (kPa), temperature (T) is in kelvins (K), volume (V) is in liters (L), and amount of gas (n) is in moles, we need to use the appropriate units for R based on these measurements.
The ideal gas constant, R, can be expressed in various units. The most common units for R are:
R = 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) (atmospheres, liters, moles, and kelvins)
However, since you provided the measurements in kilopascals, liters, moles, and kelvins, we need to use a different value for R that is consistent with these units:
R = 8.314 kPa·L/(mol·K)
Therefore, when pressure is in kilopascals, volume is in liters, amount of gas is in moles, and temperature is in kelvins, the value for the ideal gas constant (R) is approximately 8.314 kPa·L/(mol·K).
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Type the correct answer in the box. Use numerals instead of words.
The mechanical advantage shown in the image in ___.
The mechanical advantages of the machine are 3.
The amount that a force is boosted by employing a machine is known as the mechanical advantage. It is determined by dividing the applied force by the machine's force ( force exerted by the machine).
That is the mechanical advantage of any machine is equal to the ratio between the output force and the input force.
Mechanical advantages M.A. = Input force / Output force
We have,
Input force: 52 N
Output force: 156 N
Therefore,
Mechanical advantage = Input force / Output force.
52/156 = 3
Hence, the mechanical advantages of the machine are 3.
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Which of the following are SI units? Select
all that apply.
Seconds (s)
Liters (L)
Explanation:SI units relate to the International System of Units. These units are the base, metric units that are most commonly accepted for different measurements.
Common SI Units
The most common SI units are as follows:
Length - meter (m)Time - second (s)Mass - kilogram (kg)Amount of substance - mole (mole)Electric current - ampere (A)Temperature - kelvin (K)Volume - liter (L)*Note that gram (g) is not an SI unit
Each type of measurement will only have 1 SI unit. This is the unit that will be expected for most answers. Sometimes this means converting an answer into a different unit so it is more widely accepted.
Why SI Units are Important
SI units are important for the same reason that the metric system is used. It gives a standardized list of measurements that scientists across the world can use. Also, it makes it easier to compare scientific findings and studies when all of the measurements are given in the same units.
There are times when it is unrealistic to use SI units. For example, when discussing space, using meters will not be realistic due to the size of space. Also, when measuring the mass of small elements, kilograms are too large. But otherwise, SI units should be used.
see the attached photo*** can someone please explain how to do this for me? I really need help on my summer school thank you !
Answer:
See attached image.
Explanation:
See attached image.
Remember to use the units in deciding steps to take. Find the moles needed or delivered by using:
Molarity x Volume = moles [(moles/L)*(L) = moles]
Molarity, M, is dedined as 1 mole/liter. When working with a unit such as 6M, rewite it as 6 moles/liter, and then use unit conversions to guide how to find the solution, so to speak.
Consider the reaction and its equilibrium constant at 25.0 ∘C :
CO(g)+2H2(g)⇌CH3OH(g) , Kp=6.09×10−3
A reaction mixture contains P(CO)=0.265atm , P(H2)=0.265atm , and P(CH3OH)=0.265atm .
Is the reaction mixture at equilibrium?
Since Qp>Kp , the reaction is not at equilibrium
Since Qp
Since Qp=Kp , the reaction is at equilibrium
Since Qp=Kp , the reaction is not at equilibrium
Since Qp>Kp , the reaction is not at equilibrium.
What is the equilibrium constant?The equilibrium constant shows the extent to which reactants are converted into products.
Now we have to obtain the Qp as follows;
Qp =[CH3OH]/[CO] [H2]^2
Qp = 0.265/(0.265) (0.265)^2
Qp = 14.2
Now we know that Kp = 6.09×10−3, Since Qp>Kp , the reaction is not at equilibrium.
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What is acceptable as eye protection when working with one gallon of hydrochloric acid?
The Protective Equipment is a Face Shield.
Hydrochloric acid is a dangerous chemical, it can be handled with proper care. As we know Hydrochloric acid is corrosive. If acid touches the skin, eyes, and internal organs then the damage can not be treated, or even in some cases it is fatal.
If hydrochloric acid is used in the workplace, then there is a need for access to an eye-flush station.
If acid is used at home, then need to follow some safety instructions. If acid is diluted with water, still there is a need for protection. For example: wear protective clothes and gloves.
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What is the freezing point of a solution made from 22.0 g of octane (c8h18) dissolved in 148.0 g of benzene? (for benzene, freezing point = 5.50°c; kf = 5.12°c/m)
The freezing point of a solution is -1.16°C
Calculation,
The equation which give relation between freezing point depletion and molality is,
Δ[tex]T_{f} = K_{f} .m[/tex] ... (i)
Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex] is change in the freezing point of the solvent . [tex]K_{f}[/tex] of benzene = 5.12°C/mm is molality of the solutionMoles of the solute = 22.0 g / 114.23 g/mole = 0.193 mole
Mass of the solvent in g = 148 g
Mass of the solvent in kg = 0.148 kg
Molality = 0.193 mole/ 0.148 kg = 1.3 m
Now, after putting the value of [tex]K_{f}[/tex] and m in equation (i) we get
Δ[tex]T_{f} = K_{f} .m[/tex]
Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex]= 5.12°C/m×1.3 m = 6.66°C
Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex]= [tex]T_{f}[/tex] (solvent) - [tex]T_{f}[/tex] (solution)
[tex]T_{f}[/tex] (solution) = [tex]T_{f}[/tex] (solvent) -Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex]= 5.5 °C - 6.66°C = -1.16°C
The freezing point of a is -1.16°C
To learn about freezing point
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