Which of the following dictated that the same 10-year penalty be imposed for the possession of 50 grams of crack cocaine as for the possession of 5,000 grams of powder cocaine in the 1980s
The Federal Anti-Drug Abuse Act

False. The determination of whether a teenager who gets arrested can be considered and treated as an adult by the criminal justice system is not solely determined by constitutional authority at the federal level.

The age at which a juvenile can be charged as an adult, as well as the procedures and protocols surrounding the transfer of juvenile cases to adult court, are largely determined by state laws and regulations. While there are some federal laws and guidelines that influence how juveniles are treated in the criminal justice system, such as the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act, the specifics of how these laws are implemented and enforced can vary widely from state to state.

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Assignment of missions The OPCON includes the ability to assign missions to subordinate units. The goal of the assignment is to ensure that the subordinate unit is prepared to carry out the mission it has been given.

Operational control (OPCON) refers to the authority to perform certain functions of command over subordinate forces, and it includes the following:

The commander who has been given OPCON will assess the capabilities of his subordinate unit and make a decision based on their abilities.

Determination of how to accomplish the mission The commander with OPCON can determine how the mission should be carried out. He or she will consider factors like the weather, terrain, and the enemy's activities in deciding how the mission should be carried out.

The commander is also responsible for assessing the risk to his unit and deciding on the best course of action to minimize the risks.

Directing the activities of subordinate units The commander with OPCON can direct the activities of subordinate units.

The commander must ensure that the units are working together in a coordinated manner to achieve the mission's objectives.

The commander will communicate with the subordinate unit's commanders to ensure that they are following the mission plan and provide additional guidance if necessary.

QUES: operational control (opcon) is the authority to perform certain functions of command over subordinate forces and includes which of the following.

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Complete question

OPCON is the authority to perform certain functions of command over subordinate forces and includes which of the following? (Select all that apply)

1. Assigning tasks

2. designating objectives

3. Organizing and employing commands and forces

The Reconstruction Amendments, sometimes known as the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution, played a significant role in granting African Americans citizenship rights and protections.

Slavery was officially abolished by the 13th Amendment. African Americans were made equal citizens of the United States via the 14th Amendment.

The Dred Scott v. Sanford ruling, in which Chief Justice Roger B. Taney of the Supreme Court stated that black Americans were not citizens and as a result had "no rights which the white man was bound to respect," was reversed by this amendment.

Black American men now have the right to vote thanks to the 15th Amendment. Northern African Americans were steadfast supporters of these amendments, pushing for equality on behalf of both themselves and their recently freed colleagues.

Democrats in Pennsylvania's neighboring state of New Jersey resisted ratification, despite the fact that Pennsylvania was one of the first states to do so in February 1865.

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The given statement "prisons are violent mainly because they house large numbers of people who disobey social norms." is true because of diversity of inmates with varied criminal backgrounds in penitentiaries.

Due to the diversity of inmates with different criminal histories in prisons, prison violence occurs frequently. Inmate on inmate, inmate on guard (and vice versa), and self-inflicted are the three distinct types of attacks.

These carveouts undermine the impact of otherwise well-designed policies because more than 40% of those incarcerated and detained are there for "violent" offenses. Physical violence is the most prevalent type of violence in the prison system. Sexual violence is another prevalent type of violence in this setting.

In addition to adding to their trauma and exposure to violence, it also reinforces their disadvantage and fuels more crime and social harm. Additionally, the prison does very little to address the root causes of crime in communities.

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The Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) has the authority to suspend or revoke a person's driver's license once they are found guilty of a number of traffic or legal violations.

Suspension of a driver's license is basically equivalent to cancellation of the license. You are prohibited from operating a motor vehicle until you obtain a new provisional license, which will cost you additional money. Following that, you will be subject to the same rules that all other new drivers must follow.

Once the revocation has been made, you won't be able to legally drive again unless you can submit a successful application for a new license.

If an order of suspension issued or deemed to have been issued has not been extended after review for an extra length of time prior to the 90-day mark, it is no longer in effect.

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The criminal justice system can exacerbate problems faced by minorities when it "does not account for the overrepresentation of minorities in jail". Thus, Option D is correct.

Minorities, particularly Black and Latinx individuals, are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system. When the system fails to account for this overrepresentation, it perpetuates systemic inequalities and further disadvantages these groups. For example, sentencing guidelines that do not consider the systemic biases that lead to overrepresentation can result in harsher sentences for minorities.

Additionally, policies such as felon disenfranchisement, which prevent those with criminal records from voting, further disenfranchise minority communities who are already underrepresented in the political process. It is important for the criminal justice system to acknowledge and address these issues to promote a fair and just society.

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The correct option is C) Government should be noninterventionist during economic downturns.

The Great Depression led to a shift in attitudes and beliefs about government intervention. The federal government passed a series of legislation, with the Social Security Act, that provided financial assistance to older Americans in 1930s. These programs were designed to protect the elderly from poverty and provide them with a financial safety net. Hence this shift in policy marked a major change from the earlier popular belief that government should remain noninterventionist during economic downturns. This marked a departure from the earlier popular belief that government should be noninterventionist during economic downturns.

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The Commandant of the Marine Corps reports directly to the Secretary of the Navy, who is a member of the United States President’s cabinet.


This direct reporting relationship between the Commandant and the Secretary of the Navy is mandated by law and is outlined in Title 10 of the United States Code. The Commandant’s duties include serving as the head of the Marine Corps and ensuring its readiness for any type of mission, such as providing amphibious forces, training personnel, and providing support for combat operations. The Commandant is also responsible for overseeing Marine Corps recruiting, logistics, and the administration of justice.


The Commandant of the Marine Corps is the senior ranking officer in the Marine Corps and the only officer in the Corps to serve as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In this capacity, the Commandant acts as an adviser to the President and Secretary of Defense. The Commandant also serves as the principal advisor to the Secretary of the Navy on all matters  about  the Marine Corps.


The Commandant is appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The Commandant serves for a four-year term and is eligible for reappointment, though most Commandants serve no more than two consecutive terms. The Commandant is the leader and spokesman of the Marine Corps and serves as the primary representative of the Corps in relations with other branches of the United States Armed Forces, government agencies, and the public.

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Marbury v. Madison involved the legal concept of judicial review and the question of the Supreme Court's authority to invalidate acts of Congress.

Marbury v. Madison, a pivotal Supreme Court decision that was decided in 1803, is notable in history. This case demonstrates the Supreme Court's judicial review authority. The Supreme Court may invalidate this authority, which was likewise approved by Congress and signed by the President, if it is found to be unconstitutional. Consequently, by enabling the Supreme Court to examine the legislative and executive branches' powers.

The Supreme Court has the authority to rule that the actions of Congress are unconstitutional as a result of the principle of judicial review, which was established by the classic US legal case Marbury v. Madison. In this instance, the Court decided that it was within its authority to declare a portion of the Judiciary Act of 1789 to be unconstitutional and so void. Through this ruling, the concept of judicial review was established as a cornerstone of American constitutional law.

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The agency that protects the public from the consequences of risky accounting practices is the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

The SEC, or the Securities and Exchange Commission, was established in 1934 to protect investors from fraudulent or deceptive acts or practices in the securities markets. It's a government agency whose goal is to promote stability and protect the public by ensuring that businesses conduct themselves fairly and transparently.

The SEC safeguards investors, maintains fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitates capital formation by imposing and enforcing regulations. Securities offerings, securities exchanges, and other activities that involve securities come under the SEC's jurisdiction.

Legal issues such as insider trading, misrepresentation, and unregistered securities sales are dealt with by the SEC, which enforces the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The SEC oversees stock exchanges, investment advisors, and financial firms, ensuring that they adhere to financial reporting standards and ethical practices.

The SEC conducts investigations and penalizes companies that do not comply with its rules and regulations. The agency may also suspend trading on stock exchanges and take other measures to safeguard investors from fraudulent activity.

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Protecting the rights of individuals and enabling offenders to function better in society are the goals of corrections.

The goals of corrections are multifaceted and can vary depending on the jurisdiction and the individual offender. One primary goal is to protect the rights of individuals, including those of the offender and the victim. Another goal is to enable offenders to function better in society through rehabilitation and education programs. This includes addressing the underlying issues that led to the criminal behavior, such as substance abuse or mental health problems. In some cases, the goal may be to provide punishment or retribution for the crime committed, but execution is not a common goal in most modern correctional systems. The goal is to create a safer and more just society by addressing the root causes of criminal behavior and preventing recidivism.

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Under the voting rights act of 1965, the federal government was given the power to review any changes to voting laws, specifically targeting to increase the number of voters who are registered in areas where discrimination has a history.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed by Congress with the goal of increasing the number of voters registered in areas where there had been a history of discrimination. The legislation prohibited literacy tests and authorized the appointment of Federal examiners in certain jurisdictions with a history of voter discrimination (and gave them the authority to register eligible citizens to vote).

The U.S. Attorney General or the District Court for Washington, DC had to give their "preclearance" before these jurisdictions could alter their voting practices or procedures. Through this law, the federal government acquired the authority to register voters previously held by state and local officials.

Since the Reconstruction era, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA) marked the most significant statutory change in the relationship between the federal and state governments regarding voting. As such, it was immediately contested in court. The Supreme Court handed down a number of significant rulings upholding the legality of the law between 1965 and 1969.

The question is incomplete, complete question "under the voting rights act of 1965, the federal government was given the power to review any changes to voting laws, specifically targeting what factors?"

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Later, Cad has second thoughts and files a lawsuit against Zed to recover his car. A court would likely direct Cad to request equitable relief when the law is unable to provide a monetary judgment.

A lawsuit is a legal action in which a person sues another person or entity to resolve a dispute. When one person files a lawsuit against another, it means that they believe they have been harmed by that person, and they are seeking legal remedies to hold the other person responsible for the damages.

This usually takes the form of a monetary award. The following are the most frequent forms of relief sought in civil litigation: Compensatory damages are damages awarded to the plaintiff to reimburse them for the actual financial loss incurred as a result of the defendant's misconduct. The main goal is to compensate the victim and restore them to the same position they were in before the wrongdoing occurred.

Punitive damages are monetary awards paid by a defendant to a plaintiff to punish them for outrageous or harmful behavior. They are not awarded in every case and are used to deter future similar behavior.  Equitable relief: A court directs a person to do something, refrain from doing something, or change the way they are behaving.

This type of relief is normally used when the law is unable to provide a monetary judgment, and a court directs a party to seek equitable relief. Therefore, in the given case, A court would likely direct Cad to request equitable relief when the law is unable to provide a monetary judgment.

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The majority of correctional activity takes place at the state level.

Involuntary commitment, parole, and probation are all considered to be under "correctional control," as are federal prisons, state prisons, local jails, youth detention centers, and Indian Country jails. The most common type of correctional control, probation, allows offenders to live in the community while being closely monitored by a probation office, ostensibly as an alternative to incarceration.

In US academia, terminology changed from "penology" to "corrections" in the 1950s and 1960s as a result of a shift in emphasis toward rehabilitation. It was accompanied by actual changes made in some prisons, such as granting inmates more privileges and making an effort to foster a more communal environment.

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The act, belief, or characteristic which violates group norms and typically results in censure or punishment is deviance. Option A is the correct answer.

Deviance is the act of deviating from the norms of society, and it is one of the key topics in sociology. A deviant act is one that is in violation of the norms or values of a specific group or society. Deviant behavior is judged to be unacceptable by the majority of society's members, and it is typically accompanied by censure or punishment. It is often referred to as a socially constructed category because it varies depending on the time and place.

Deviance is a broad concept that includes a variety of behaviors. Some examples of deviant behavior include murder, drug addiction, theft, and alcoholism. However, other behaviors, such as homosexuality or cross-dressing, can also be considered deviant depending on the norms and values of the society in which they occur.

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D. Substance abuse is not considered a major cause of youth sport dropout.

The other three options (early specialization, burnout, and injury experience) are widely recognized as major contributors to youth sport dropout. Early specialization, or the pressure to specialize in a single sport at a young age, can lead to burnout and a lack of enjoyment in the sport. Burnout, in turn, can cause athletes to leave the sport altogether. Injury experience can also be a major factor in youth sport dropout, especially if the injury is serious or recurring. Substance abuse is not typically cited as a primary reason for youth sport dropout, although it may be a concern for some athletes and families.

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The average annual growth rate in the United States from the 1950s to 2019 is closest to 2%.

The average annual growth rate in the United States from the 1950s to 2019 can be calculated by taking the average of the annual GDP growth rates over this period. According to the World Bank, the United States' average annual GDP growth rate from 1950 to 2019 was approximately 2.6%. Therefore, option A) 2% is the closest to the average annual growth rate during this period.

It is important to note that the United States' GDP growth rate has fluctuated over time due to various economic factors, such as recessions, booms, and changes in economic policies. For instance, the United States experienced a period of high economic growth during the 1960s, with an average annual GDP growth rate of around 4.4%. In contrast, the country experienced a recession in the early 1980s, which led to an average annual GDP growth rate of only 1.8% during that decade.

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Correct question:

Which of the following options is closest to the average annual growth rates in the United States from the 1950s to 2019?

A. 1%

B. 2%

C. 3%

D. 4%

Representatives in congress have attempted to repeal the twenty-second amendment several times.

Since 1997, representative Jose E. Serrano (D-NY) has sponsored at least nine different bills to achieve this goal.

None has ever reached the floor for a vote. Which of these arguments against the repeal is supported by the constitution?One argument against the repeal of the twenty-second amendment is that the Constitution limits the number of times a president can be elected to two.

The twenty-second amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified in 1951 and restricts presidents from being elected to more than two terms.

The amendment was passed in response to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's four terms in office (1933-1945).If the twenty-second amendment is repealed, there would be no term limits for the presidency, and a president could theoretically serve as many terms as they were elected for.

This would contradict the Constitution's original intent of having a president who was not an authoritarian figure.

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A contract comes to an end when both parties fulfill their respective duties by performing the acts they have promised. That is true.

An executed contract is one that has been fully carried out by all parties; an executory contract is one that has not been entirely carried out.

In most contracts, assurances of performance are not expressly conditioned or qualified. The stated wording of an agreement contains implied conditions, which are not considered to be a part of the agreement. A subsequent condition is one that needs to be satisfied before a party's performance can be demanded.

An agreement must contain positive aspects in order to be valid and recognised through the use of common law, including provide attractiveness, attention, the desire to build a legal family, authority and potential, and truth. A contract may not always be enforceable through the courts if those conditions aren't met.

A settlement that the law acknowledges as altering the legal rights and obligations of parties may be referred to as a contract. For this reason, Tobi JCA gave the following definition of settlement: "A settlement between or extra events which generates reciprocal legal obligations to do or not to do particular matters."

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In the party's primary convention, the presidential candidate who wins the most delegates wins the nomination.

Delegates are individuals who are elected by voters in each state to represent that state's interests at the national convention. The number of delegates allocated to each state is based on a formula that takes into account the state's population and its history of supporting the party in past elections. The primary and caucus elections held in each state are used to determine which candidate will receive the state's delegates. The candidate who receives a majority of the delegates at the national convention will be nominated as the party's candidate for president.

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A battery occurs when someone intentionally causes hurt or offence to another person without authorization from that person or a valid legal reason.

What is a battery?

The intentional physical contact of one person by another without that person's consent constitutes battery, a crime. Direct or indirect harm may be caused, such as when someone is pushed into another person or something is thrown at them.

What does the word "battery" mean?

The Latin word battere, which means "to strike," is where the word battery comes from. It happens when someone purposefully makes an insulting, harmful, or hurtful physical contact with another person without that person's consent. Battery can involve anything from a small touch—like a gentle push—to a serious assault—like beating someone with a weapon.

Intentionally harming or offensively touching someone else without their permission or legal basis constitutes battery. In addition to being unpleasant, it also includes touching that is damaging or violates the person. The bulk of battery offences are prosecuted as misdemeanours. However, more serious battery offences that cause substantial harm or involve deadly weapons may be prosecuted as felonies.

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A collection of legal documents known as California real estate disclosure forms gives details regarding the state of a property that is up for sale or lease in the state of California.

According to California law, sellers are only required to report existing flaws; they are not required to look for further issues or hire a professional inspector to look over the property.

The Required Disclosure or Mandatory Disclosure clause outlines the conditions under which a party may divulge private information when forced to do so by a court or other government entity.

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Question:

What California real estate disclosure forms are required to be filled out by sellers and/or their agents when selling a residential property, and what information do they typically include?

The given statement  federal statutes govern the formation of sales and lease contracts" is True because This includes the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), which sets out the terms of the contract that both parties must follow.

The UCC applies to transactions in goods, including sales and leases. It sets out the rights and obligations of buyers and sellers, including payment terms, delivery requirements, and remedies for breach of contract. The UCC also governs negotiable instruments, such as checks and promissory notes, and certain securities transactions. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is authorized to issue regulations regarding the sale and lease of consumer goods.

These regulations set out what information must be provided to consumers, how consumer contracts may be cancelled, and how consumer disputes must be handled. In addition to the UCC and FTC regulations, state and local laws may also apply to sales and lease contracts. These laws may include consumer protection laws, zoning regulations, taxation requirements, and more. It is important to be aware of the relevant state and local laws when entering into a contract.

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The correct answer for the given question is (A) Nominating federal judges - Issuing executive orders

Formal powers are those explicitly granted to the President by the Constitution or laws passed by Congress. Examples of formal powers include nominating federal judges, making treaties, and vetoing legislation. On the other hand, informal powers are not explicitly granted by the Constitution or laws, but are derived from the President's role as a leader and commander-in-chief. Examples of informal powers include issuing executive orders and using the media to shape public opinion. In this comparison, nominating federal judges is a formal power, while issuing executive orders is an informal power. Both types of powers are important in shaping the President's agenda and carrying out the duties of the office.

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The purpose of joint operations is to defend national interests, not only in conflict but through preventative measures to deter and defeat aggression that could threaten the vital interests of the U.S. or its partners. Therefore, the correct answer is the second option.

Joint operations are military operations in which two or more armed services from a single country participate. The aim of joint operations is to accomplish a specific objective while using the strengths and advantages of each service in a synergistic way. Joint operations usually include the planning and execution of strategies and tactics, as well as the management of resources across military departments to achieve a common objective.

The primary goal of joint operations is to defend national interests, not only in conflict but also through preventative measures to deter potential adversaries who could threaten the vital interests of the U.S. or its partners.

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Taken together, the two sources best illustrate in order to administer the affairs of distant regions, rulers used local administrative institutions of the following aspects of political authority in the period circa 600 bce to 600 ce. The correct option is B.

Some of the most important world belief systems emerged between 600 BCE and 600 CE. Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism were just a few of the influential philosophical movements that emerged in ancient China during the Era of Warring States. As some of the rulers (some of whom were regarded as divine) used religion, along with military and legal institutions, to justify their rule and ensure its continuation, religious and political authority frequently merged.

The Jewish-Babylonian War between the Kingdom of Judah and Babylonia starts in 601 BC. The Greco-Punic Wars begin in 600 BC when Greeks from Phocaea establish Marseille after defeating the Carthaginians in a naval conflict. The Satrapy of Armenia is established in 600 BC. Capua is founded in 600 BC. The correct option is B.

The question is incomplete, complete question will be "Taken together, the two sources best illustrate which of the following aspects of political authority in the period circa 600 B.C.E.-600 C.E.?

(A)Rulers claimed to rule by virtue of having the approval and support of the gods.

(B) Rulers used local administrative institutions to manage the affairs of far-flung regions.

(C) Rulers relied on the consent of the governed to prevent religious conflicts.

(D)Rulers’ ability to set policies and resolve conflicts was limited by existing legal codes and precedents."

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A capacitor is formed by three parallel conducting plates of area, separated by a distance and .

The two outer plates are connected together by a conducting wire, and the distance from the middle plate to the left plate is , and from the inner plate to the right plate is . The plates are very thin compared to the distances, so edge effects can be neglected.

The area of the plates is a key component of the capacitor, as it determines how much charge can be stored. The separation of the plates is also important, as it is related to the capacitance.

The distance from the middle plate to the left plate, and from the inner plate to the right plate are important, as they are related to the electric field between the plates.

The thinness of the plates allows us to ignore edge effects. All of these factors together determine the capacitance of the capacitor.

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The political ideology being appealed to by President Johnson in the Great Society speech is liberalism.

President Johnson's speech promoting the "Great Society" is appealing to a political ideology of liberalism. Liberalism is a political philosophy that emphasizes individual freedom, equality, and social justice, and advocates for government intervention to promote these values.

In the context of the Great Society, Johnson's speech outlines a vision for a society in which all citizens have access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities, and where poverty and discrimination are eliminated.

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The missing part of the question references the Great Society speech by President Johnson.

The correct answer is 2. They had a system of weights and measurements.

The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the earliest civilizations in the world. While it is believed that they had a centralized government, there is still much debate among scholars about the nature of their political system.

However, the fact that they had a system of weights and measurements suggests that there was some form of central authority responsible for regulating trade and commerce. This is because a standardized system of weights and measurements is typically established and maintained by a central government to ensure fairness and accuracy in trade transactions.

The other options given - conducting religious ceremonies, making jewelry, and building elaborate tombs for their kings - do not necessarily suggest the presence of a strong central government. They may indicate aspects of their culture, religion, and social structure, but not necessarily their political organization.

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Authority often provides both permission to do something as well as providing guidance and limitations on how it should be done. - True

The power that is acknowledged as legitimate is called authority. The authority to issue and carry out commands. The faculty is in charge of making choices and carrying them out. Those who have earned the right to do so may exercise authority. Authority may give both approval and direction over what should be done.

Individuals or organizations frequently get permission to carry out certain duties or make specific choices, but they are also required to abide by specific rules or restrictions when doing so. Any principal who is a party to the transaction papers has the necessary power and authority to execute and deliver them, as well as to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby to be carried out by that principle.

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