The attacking reagent which is an electrophile is H+; option D.
What are electrophiles?Electrophiles are electron-loving reagents which attack and attach to electron-rich reagents.
Electrophiles usually are positively charged reagents.
Therefore, the attacking reagent which is an electrophile is H+.
In conclusion, electrophiles are electron-loving reagents.
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Please show all work:
If 40.0 grams of magnesium is reacted with an excess of nitric acid, HNO 3 , how many
grams of hydrogen gas will be produced?
3.3 g of hydrogen gas will be produced.
What is Stoichiometry ?Stoichiometry helps to measure quantitative relationships between the amounts of products and reactants that are given in a reaction.
What is Balanced Chemical Equation ?The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.
Now we have to write the balanced equation
Mg + 2HNO₃ → Mg(NO₃)₂ + H₂
According to Stoichiometry
[tex]40.9\ \text{g Mg} \times \frac{1\ \text{mol Mg}}{24.31\ \text{g Mg}} \times \frac{1\ \text{mol}\ H_2}{1\ \text{mol Mg}} \times \frac{2.02\ g\ H_2}{1\ \text{mol}\ H_2}[/tex]
= 3.3 g H₂
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that 3.3 g of hydrogen gas will be produced.
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If 10.0 moles of sulfur dioxide react with excess chlorine gas, what is the theoretical yield (in grams) of CI2O produced?
Answer:
869 g Cl₂O
Explanation:
To find the theoretical yield of Cl₂O, you need to (1) convert moles SO₂ to moles Cl₂O (via mole-to-mole ratio from reaction coefficients) and then (2) convert moles Cl₂O to grams Cl₂O (via molar mass). It is important to arrange the conversions/ratios in a way that allows for the cancellation of units (the desired unit should be in the numerator). The final answer should have 3 sig figs to reflect the sig figs of the given amount (10.0 moles).
1 SO₂ (g) + 2 Cl₂ (g) ----> 1 SOCl₂ (g) + 1 Cl₂O (g)
Molar Mass (Cl₂O): 2(35.453 g/mol) + 15.998 g/mol
Molar Mass (Cl₂O): 86.904 g/mol
10.0 moles SO₂ 1 mole Cl₂O 86.904 g
------------------------ x ---------------------- x ------------------ = 869 g Cl₂O
1 mole SO₂ 1 mole
Question 21 of 50
2 points
we would use the elements listed on the bottom of the reactivity list for all of the following except
_______.
a. pans for cooking and baking
b. jewelry
c. fireworks
d. water pipes in the house
The elements listed on the bottom of the reactivity list for all of the following except fireworks and is denoted as option C.
What is Reactivity?This is referred to the extent in which an element is able to take part in a chemical reaction.
The elements founds at the bottom of the reactivity list include gold which can't be used for making fireworks.
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A generic element, Q, has two isotopes, 195Q and 190Q, and an average atomic mass of 191.86 amu. The natural abundances of the two isotopes are 38% 195Q and 62% 190Q. The isotopic mass of 195Q is 194.96 amu. What is the isotopic mass of 190Q
A generic element, Q, has two isotopes, 195Q and 190Q, and an average atomic mass of 191.86 amu. The natural abundances of the two isotopes are 38% 195Q and 62% 190Q. The isotopic mass of 195Q is 194.96 amu. the isotopic mass of 190Q is 186.80.
What do you mean by Isotopes?Isotopes are two or more atom types that share the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei), location in the periodic table, and chemical element but have distinct nucleon numbers (mass numbers) as a result of having a different number of neutrons in their nuclei. Although the chemical properties of each isotope of a given element are nearly identical, they differ in their atomic weights and physical characteristics.
191.86 =(62% x 194.96 + 38% x X )
where, X is the mass of other Isotope.
X = (191.86 - 120.8752)/0 .38
= 186.80
Parent and Daughter IsotopesThe initial radioisotope and the isotope that results from radioactive decay may not be the same. The atoms created by the reaction are known as daughter isotopes, whereas the original isotope is known as the parent isotope. It's possible to get different kinds of daughter isotopes.
As an illustration, the uranium atom is the parent isotope and the thorium atom is the daughter isotope when U-238 decays into Th-234.
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Name the following ether: OCH2CH3
A. ethyl benzyl ether
B. methyl phenyl ether
C. ethyl phenyl ether
D. ethyl propyl ether
The name of the given ether is ethyl benzyl ether .
What are ethers?Ethers are organic compounds formed when nan oxygen atom is bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups.
Ethers usually have relatively high boiling points as a result of the central oxygen atom. An example of an ether, is ethyl propyl ether
The name of the given ether is ethyl benzyl ether as it has a benzyl and ethyl group attached to the oxygen atom.
In conclusion, ethers are characterized by an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups.
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How does the energy of an electorn change when the electron moves closer to the nucleus?
Answer:
when an electron move closer to the nucleus the magnitude of energy of the nucleus increases
H. If you had 64 amu of ch4, how many molecules would this be? i. If you had 64 g of ch4, how many moles would this be?
The number of molecules and number of moles of [tex]CH_{4}[/tex] is 4 moles and 24.088×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules.
Calculation,
Atomic mass of carbon is 12 u and H is 1 u
So, molar mass of [tex]CH_{4}[/tex] = 12 + 1×4 = 16 u = 16 g/mole
Number of moles = given mass / molar mass = 64 g/ 16 g/mol = 4 moles
1 moles of substance contains 6 .022 ×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules.
So, number of molecules in 3 moles of methane = 4×6.022 ×[tex]10^{23}[/tex]
number of molecules in 3 moles of methane = 24.088×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules.
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1. You have learned that alkyl iodides may be prepared by SN2 replacement of other leaving groups, or by treatment of alcohols or ethers with co centrated hydriodic acid (HI). A milder method for preparation of alkyl iodides from alcohols is shown below:
Imidazole's cyclic structure is aromatic and the lone pair present at the N₁ atom available for donation. hence, according to question N₁ is the most basic atom in the structure.
What is resonating structure?Two π bonds (between C₂-C₃ and N₁-C₅), as well as one lone pair on N₄, can interact with one another to generate a delocalized π system in the cyclic structure.This delocalization is intriguing since it has the same number of delocalized electrons as benzene—six.As a result, imidazole, like benzene, has a closed, delocalized ring with six π electrons. So, like benzene, it is regarded as an aromatic chemical with resonance stability.N₄ is neutral since it cannot be donated because it needs to use its lone pair to be aromatic.On the other hand, N₁ already forms a π connection, which helps the system become delocalized.N₁ is sp² hybridized and has a trigonal planar basic form. Its lone pair cannot communicate with the delocalized π system since it is pointed away from the cyclic structure.Know more about Resonating structure
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What are the correct half reactions for the following reaction:
Zn + 2 HCI -> H₂ +zncl2
Answer:
Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) => Zn²+(aq) + H2 (g)
Explanation:
The equation Zn + 2 HCI -> H₂ +zncl2 on reduction and oxidation, it results as below;
2H+ + 2e- => H2 ; reductionZn => Zn²+ + 2e- ; oxidationThe equations above are half cell.
On combination of the above half cell reaction equations gives;
Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) => Zn²+(aq) + H2 (g).
Therefore, the half reaction equation for Zn + 2 HCI -> H₂ +zncl2 is given by;
Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) => Zn²+(aq) + H2 (g).
Which law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases?.
Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases.
What is partial pressure?Partial pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by individual gas constituents that makes up a mixture of gases.
According to Dalton's law of partial pressures which states that the total pressure by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each of the constituent gases.
This can be represented mathematically by the following:
P = P1 + P2
Where P = total pressure
P1 = partial pressure of gas 1
P2 = partial pressure of gas 2.
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7. A spontaneous reaction occurs when the sign of free energy IS
O A. positive.
O B. zero,
• C. negative.
O D. neutral.
Answer:
positive
Explanation:
What mass of oxygen reacts during the incomplete combustion of 18.0 g of propane?
Based on the mole ratio, the mass of oxygen reacting is 45.8 g.
What mass of oxygen reacts during the reaction?The incomplete combustion of propane with oxygen produces carbon (ii) oxide and water.
The mole ratio of propane to oxygen according to the equation of the reaction is 2 : 7.
Molar mass of propane = 44 g/mol
Molar mass of oxygen = 32 g/mol
moles in 18.0 g = 18/44 mole
Mass of oxygen reacting = 18/44 * 7/2 * 32 = 45.8
In conclusion, incomplete combustion of propane produces carbon (ii) oxide.
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Zinc Sulfide reacts with oxygen according to the reaction:
2ZnS (s) + 3 O2(g) 2 ZnO (s) +2 SO2 (g)
A reaction mixture contains 4.2 moles of zinc sulfide and 6.8 moles of oxygen. Once the reaction occurred as a completely as possible, what amount in moles is left of the excess reactant?
The amount in moles of the excess reactant left is 0.5 mole
Balanced equation2ZnS (s) + 3O₂(g) --> 2ZnO (s) + 2SO₂(g)
From the balanced equation,
2 moles of ZnS reacted with 3 moles of O₂
How to determine the excess reactantFrom the balanced equation,
2 moles of ZnS reacted with 3 moles of O₂
Therefore,
4.2 moles of ZnS will react with =(4.2 × 3) / 2 = 6.3 moles of O₂
From the calculations made above, we can see that only 6.3 moles of O₂ out of 6.8 moles given, is required to react completely with 4.2 moles of ZnS.
Thus, ZnS is the limiting reactant and O₂ is the excess reactant.
How to determine the mole of the excess reactant remainingThe excess reactant is O₂. Thus the mole remaining after the reaction can be obtained as illustrated below:
Mole of O₂ given = 6.8 molesMole of O₂ that reacted = 6.3 molesMole of O₂ remaining =?Mole of O₂ remaining = (Mole of O₂ given) - (Mole of O₂ that reacted)
Mole of O₂ remaining = 6.8 - 6.3
Mole of O₂ remaining = 0.5 mole
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An oil separates crude oil into its components by distillation. some compoents are altered:______
An oil separates crude oil into its components by distillation. some components are altered by cracking and Reforming.
The crude oil contains many petroleum products like petrol , diesel , Mobil oil coaltar and many more with impurities So, now it is very important to separated it into components to use all product individually in pure form.
The separation process are based on fraction distillation because all petroleum products have different density and boiling points. All products are separated at different temperature.
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You have two buffered solutions. Buffered solution 1 consists of 5.0 M HOAc and 5.0 M NaOAc; buffered solution 2 is made of 0.050 M HOAc and 0.050 M NaOAc. How do the pHs of the buffered solutions compare
The pH of buffered solution is:
The two buffered solutions have 'equal' pH values.
Comparison between two buffer solutions:
To compare the pH of two different buffer solutions with different concentrations, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used.
pH = pKa + log [tex]\frac{Salt}{Acid}[/tex]
pKa of HOAc = 4.76
In solution 1:
Concentration of salt= 5 M
Concentration of acid= 5 M
Putting the values in the equation,
pH = 4.76 + log [tex]\frac{5}{5}[/tex]
pH = 4.76 + log1
pH = 4.76
In solution 2:
Concentration of salt= 0.050 M
Concentration of acid= 0.050 M
Putting the values in the equation,
pH = 4.76 + log[tex]\frac{0.050}{0.050}[/tex]
pH = 4.76 + log1
pH = 4.76
As the ratio [tex]log\frac{salt}{acid}[/tex] is the same for the different solutions.
Therefore, the pH of the solution remains the same in both the buffer solutions even if the two solutions have different concentrations.
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The procedure calls for 2.0 ml of concentrated nitric acid. how many moles is this?
Answer:
ρHNO₃= 1.51 g/cm3
ρ = m/V
m = ρ x V
m = (1.51 g/cm3)(2 cm3)= 3.02 g de HNO₃
n = m/PM = 3.02 g/63.01 g/mol = 0.0479 mol de HNO₃
Explanation:
2 mL of concentrated nitric acid equals 0.0479 mol
In the redox reaction below, which is the reducing agent?
MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2Cl–(aq) Right arrow. Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl2(g)
CI–
CI2
Mn2+
MnO2
In the following redox reaction, the reducing agent is MnO2 (option D). Details about reducing agent can be found below.
What is a reducing agent?A reducing agent in a redox reaction is any substance that reduces, or donates electrons to another, hence, it becomes oxidized.
According to this question, a redox reaction is given as follows: MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2Cl–(aq) = Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl2(g)
As shown in the equation, MnO2 is oxidized into Mn2+, therefore, it is the reducing agent.
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(a) List any four properties of colloidal and mention any two properties in which colloids differ from suspension. (b) State what is Tyndall effect? Which of the following solution will show Tyndall effect? Starch solution, sodium chloride solution, tincture iodine, air, milk
Explanation:
(1) they are heterogenous mixture
(2) the size of particles of colloids is too small to be seen by bare eyes.
(3) they scatter light passing through them making it's path visible.
Describe the scale used to measure the basicity of a substance. Demonstrate how you could differentiate a weak base from a strong one. (10
points)
Answer:
The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or basicity of a substance.
Explanation:
pH stands for potential hydrogen. It ranges from 0 to 14, 7 being neutral. The pH of water is 7 i.e. it is neither acidic nor basic. 0 to 7 shows acidic behavior while 7 to 14 shows basic behavior.
Experiment:
Dip the pH paper in the liquid and wait for ten seconds. The pH strip starts to discolor.
For a strong acid the strip will turn red.
For a weak acid the strip will become pale red.
To find the correct pH value we can compare it with the indicator scale present on the pH scale box.
The scale used to measure the basicity of a substance is called the pH scale.
What is the pH scale?The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that ranges from 0 to 14 and is used to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution. A pH value of 7 is considered neutral, values below 7 are acidic, and values above 7 are basic.
To differentiate a weak base from a strong one, you can perform the following experiments:
pH Measurement: Measure the pH of the solution containing the base using a pH meter or pH indicator paper. A strong base will have a higher pH value, typically around 12-14, indicating a highly basic solution. A weak base will have a lower pH value, closer to 7, indicating a less basic or slightly basic solution.
Conductivity Test: Dissolve a small amount of the base in water and measure its electrical conductivity using a conductivity meter. Strong bases are good electrolytes and will conduct electricity well, resulting in a high conductivity. Weak bases, on the other hand, are poor electrolytes and will exhibit lower conductivity.
Reaction with Acids: Add a few drops of a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), to a solution containing the base. Strong bases will rapidly and completely neutralize the acid, resulting in a significant increase in pH. Weak bases, however, will only partially neutralize the acid, leading to a smaller increase in pH.
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What mass of oxygen reacts during the incomplete combustion of 18.0 g of propane?
Answer:
66 grams of carbon dioxide
C3H8+5O2=3CO2+4H2O
A welding torch requires 4122.8l of ethylene gas at 0.64 atm what will be the pressure of the gas if ethylene is supplied by a 51.6 l tank
The pressure of the gas if ethylene is supplied by a 51.6 l tank is 51.1355atm
The final pressure of the gas can be calculated by using the formula given by Boyle's law,
P1V1 = P2V2
What is Boyle's law?
Boyle's law relates the compression and expansion of gas at a constant temperature. It states that, At constant temperature the pressure exerted by a gas is inversely proportional to the volume of the given mass of gas.
P1V1 = P2V2
where,
P1 is the initial pressure
V1 is the initial volume
P2 is the final pressure and
V2 is the final volume.
Given data:Initial volume V1= 4122.8L
Initial pressure P1= 0.64atm
Final volume V2= 51.6L
Final pressure P2= ?
0.64*4122.8= P2*51.6
P2= 2638.592/51.6
P2= 51.1355atm
Hence the final pressure of the gas is 51.1355atm
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In a mining community, groups of dead fish appear in a local river every few weeks. These fish kills coincide with incidents of mining waste dumped into the river. Which of the following components is an abiotic factor causing these fish kills?
Human activities
Biodiversity in the river
Water pollution
Overfishing
In a mining community, water pollution kills the fish in local river.
How does mining affect the rivers?Large amounts of water are frequently used in mining, which has the potential to contaminate local groundwater, rivers, streams, and other water sources. A community's ability to grow its own food may be hampered by mining since it consumes grazing or agricultural land and pollutes the soil and the environment.
Metals that leach from the rock also contaminate nearby water sources when they do so. chemical processing pollution: When minerals are extracted from their ores using cyanide or sulfuric acid and water, the runoff pollutes the rivers in the area.
Through erosion and sedimentation, dewatering of wetlands, diverting and channelizing streams, and poisoning surface water and aquifers with harmful chemicals, surface mining can have an impact on fish and aquatic resources.
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Answer:
a
Explanation:
The combustion reaction of propane is described by the reaction.
C3H8 +502 + 4H₂O + 3C0₂.
How many moles of O₂ are required to generate 3 moles of CO₂?
Answer:
[tex]\huge\boxed{\sf 5\ moles\ of\ oxygen}[/tex]
Explanation:
Chemical Reaction:[tex]C_3H_8+5O_2 \longrightarrow 4H_2O+3CO_2[/tex]
From the reaction, we can say that,
1 mole of propane and 5 moles of oxygen produce 4 moles of water and 3 moles of carbon dioxide.So, to generate 3 mole of carbon dioxide, 5 moles of oxygen are required. (as shown in the chemical reaction!)
[tex]\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]
What is the smallest whole-number coefficient for h₂s when the equation h₂s mno₄⁻ → mn²⁺ so₄²⁻ is balanced in acidic solution?
The lowest smallest whole-number coefficient for H₂S is 5. Option C
What is the smallest whole-number coefficient for H₂S?Now we know that a redox reaction is one in which there is a loss and gain of electrons One specie is oxidized (looses electrons) while another specie is reduced (gains electrons). The electrons must be transferred leading to an increase in oxidation number of one specie and a decrease in the oxidation number of another.
Now the reduction half equation is;
MnO4^-(aq) + 8H^+(aq) + 5e^- ----> Mn^2+(aq) + 4H2O (l)
The oxidation half equation is;
H2S(aq) ----> S^2-(aq) + 2H^+(aq) + 2e^-
Multiplying the reduction half equation by 2 and the oxidation half equation is 5
2MnO4^-(aq) + 16H^+(aq) + 10e^- ----> 2Mn^2+(aq) + 8H2O (l)
And;
5H2S(aq) ----> 5S^2-(aq) + 10H^+(aq) + 10e^-
The overall balanced reaction equation is;
2MnO4^-(aq) + 6H^+(aq) + 5H2S(aq) ----> 2Mn^2+(aq) + 8H2O (l) + 5S^2-(aq)
Thus the lowest smallest whole-number coefficient for H₂S is 5.
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What is rusting? Write its chemical equations.
[tex] \huge \quad\quad \underline{ \tt{{Answer}}}[/tex]
Rusting of iron is the most familiar example of corrosion. It is a process in which an iron reacts with atmospheric oxygen and moisture to form a reddish brown substance iron oxide, which is commonly known as rust.
[tex] \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: [/tex]
[tex]\blue{ \star}:[/tex][tex] \sf4fe+ 3O_2+ XH_2O→ 2Fe_2O_3.XH_2O[/tex]
Answer:
Rust is an iron oxide, formed by iron and oxygen reacting in the catalytic presence of water or air moisture. Rusting is an oxidation reaction. This means it involves oxygen reacting with something (in this case, iron in the presence of moisture).
The chemical formula for rusting:
4Fe + 3O2 + 6H2O → 4Fe (OH)3
Hope this helps!
- profparis
6) What is the pH of a solution with [H3O+] = 1 × 10-9 M?
A) 1.0 × 10-5
B) -9.0
C) 5.0
D) -5.0
E) 9.0
Answer:
E) 9.0
Explanation:
pH = -log [1×10^-9] = 9
A mole is a name for a specific number of things. What is the value of a mole? write the number using scientific notation. By what other name is it known? (2 points)
The value of a mole is 6.022 ×[tex]10^{23}[/tex]. The other name of mole is Avogadro's number.
The mole is define as 6.022 ×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] of the chemical unit like atoms , molecules, ions or others.It is very convenient unit because of huge numbers o f atoms, molecules or others. This is very important unit used by chemist.
One mole = atomic Mass of atoms / molecular mass of molecule
Example: one mole of sodium = 23 g = atomic mass
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The combining power of an element is called ?
A. coefficient
B.subscript
C.periodicity
D.valence number
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Valency is the combining power of an element
Can someone fill this out pleaseee for me
Filling out the table below following the outlined order:
Calcium - symbol = Ca; Group =2; Period = 4; Ar = 134; Am =40.078u; Ph = solid; Density = 1.55; Bp = 1757K; Mp = 1115K.Vanadium - symbol = V; Group =5; Period = 4; Ar = 197; Am =50.9415u; Ph = solid; Density = 6.11; Bp = 3680K; Mp = 2183K.Manganese - symbol = Mn; Group =7; Period = 4; Ar = 127; Am = 54.938044u; Ph = solid; Density = 7.21; Bp = 2334K; Mp = 1519K.Cobalt: - symbol = Co; Group =9; Period = 4; Ar = 125; Am =58.933195 u; Ph = solid; Density = 8.90; Bp = 3200K; Mp = 1768K.Zinc: - symbol = Zn; Group = 12; Period = 4; Ar = 134; Am =65.38 u; Ph = solid; Density = 7.14; Bp = 1180K; Mp = 692.68K.Arsenic: - symbol = As; Group = 15; Period = 4; Ar = 197; Am = 74.9216 u; Ph = solid; Density = 5.75; Bp = 889K; Mp = 889K.Bromine: - symbol = Br; Group =17; Period = 4; Ar = 120; Am = 79.904 u; Ph = Liquid; Density = 3.1028; Bp = 332K; Mp = 265K.Meaning of ElementAn element can be defined as a substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances.
An element serves as a building blocks for compounds and mixtures.
In conclusion, each element and its property as requested in the table are given above.
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Consider the following intermediate chemical equations.
CH₂(g) → C(s) + 2H₂(g)
ΔΗ, = 74.6KJ
CCl4(g) →C(s) + 2Cl₂(g)
AH₂ = 95.7 kJ
H₂(g) + Cl₂(g) → 2HCl(g)
AH₂=-92.3 KJ
What is the enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction CH4(g)+4Cl₂(g) → CCl4(g) + 4HCI(g)?
O-205.7 kJ
O-113.4 kJ
O-14.3 kJ
O 78.0 kJ
Based on the calculations, the enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction is equal to: C. -14.3 kJ.
What is a chemical reaction?A chemical reaction can be defined as a chemical process that involves the continuous transformation (rearrangement) of the ionic, atomic or molecular structure of a chemical element by breaking down and forming chemical bonds, in order to produce a new chemical compound while new bonds are formed.
What is a chemical equation?A chemical equation can be defined as a group of chemical symbols that is typically used in chemistry to represent the chemical reaction between two (2) or more chemical elements.
Mathematically, an expression for enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction is given by:
ΔHrxn = (n × ΔH₃) + (-n × ΔH₁) + (n × ΔH₂)
Where:
n represents the number of moles.
Substituting the given points into the formula, we have;
ΔHrxn = (2 × ΔH₃) + (-1 × ΔH₁) + (1 × ΔH₂)
ΔHrxn = (2 × (-92.3)) + (-1 × (-74.6)) + (1 × (-95.7))
ΔHrxn = -184.6 + 74.6 + 95.7
ΔHrxn = -14.3 kJ.
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