A smaller amount of energy is wasted by the incandescent bulb.
Why are incandescent light bulbs less efficient?Because so much energy (90%) is used to produce heat instead of light, incandescent lights are the least efficient of all current lighting options.A typical incandescent source emits around 2% of its energy as usable visible light and the rest 98% as waste heat. Incandescent bulbs have a high likelihood of burning out regularly and need to be replaced annually.Incandescent bulbs are inefficient since they only produce 10% of light and 90% of heat. Additionally, incandescent lights don't last as long as CFLs and LEDs do. A 12-watt LED bulb lasts 25,000 hours, compared to 1,000 hours for an incandescent bulb, 10,000 hours for a CFL, and 15 hours for a CFL.To learn more about incandescent light bulbs refers to:
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Based on the structural formulas, which of the following identifies the compound that is more soluble in water and best helps to explain why ?
O Ethane, because the electron clouds of its molecules are more polarizable than those of propanol.
O Ethane, because its molecules can fit into the spaces between water molecules more easily than those of propanol can.
O Propanol, because its molecules have a greater mass than the molecules of ethane have.
O Propanol, because its molecules can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
Propanol, because its molecules can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
Reason:
Propanol contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group, which can form hydrogen bonds with the partially negative oxygen atoms in water molecules.This interaction increases the solubility of propanol in water.Ethane is a nonpolar hydrocarbon and it does not have any functional groups that can interact with water in this wayHydrogen bonding between propanol and water makes the solution more stable and thus more soluble.Nonpolar compounds like Ethane are not attracted to water molecules and are less likely to dissolve in them.Therefore, propanol is more soluble in water than Ethane.
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Tropospheric ozone is rapidly consumed in many reactions, including:
SO3(g) + NO(g) --------> NO2(g) + O2(g)
Use the following data to calculate the instantaneous rate of the preceding reaction at t = 0. 000 s and t = 0. 0520 s. Express your answers to three significant figures.
Time (s) [NO] (M)0. 000 2. 00 x 10^-80. 0110 1. 80 x 10^-80. 0270 1. 60 x 10^-80. 0520 1. 40 x 10^-80. 1020 1. 20 x 10^-8
Part 1:
For t = 0. 000 s: ________ M/sPart 2:For t = 0. 052 s: _________ M/s
Part-1 The instantaneous rate at 0.000s is 1.8 ×10⁻⁷m/s.
Part-2 The instantaneous rate at 0.0s is 5.3×10⁻⁸m/s.
What do the terms average rate and instantaneous rate mean?The concentration change over a chosen time period is the average rate. When you take the measurements makes a difference. The instantaneous rate is the rate that exists at a specific time. The solution is found at that point by determining the slope of the tangent to the concentration vs. time curve.
Given chemical reaction,
SO₃(g) + NO(g) --------> NO₂(g) + O₂(g)
t = 0. 000s
instantaneous rate = 1.38×10⁻⁸ - 2.0×10⁻⁸/0.011 - 0.000
instantaneous rate = 1.8 ×10⁻⁷m/s
Therefore the instantaneous rate at 0.000s is 1.8 ×10⁻⁷m/s.
for t = 0.052s,
instantaneous rate = 1.2×10⁻⁸ - 1.6×10⁻⁸/0.102 - 0.027
instantaneous rate = 5.3×10⁻⁸m/s.
Therefore the instantaneous rate at 0.0s is 5.3×10⁻⁸m/s.
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What is the mass of 2.30 x 10^24 particles of water, H₂O?
The mass of 2.30 x 10²⁴ particles of water (H₂O) is 60.84 grams.
What exactly is mass defined as?The amount of matter in a particle or object is represented by its mass, which is denoted by the symbol m. In the International System (SI), the kilograms serves as the default unit of mass (kg).
The formula N = n L describes the relationship between a substance's number of particles and number of moles.
n also defined using the equation n = m/M
N = n L
N = m/M L
Then substitute N and L values,
2.30×10²⁴ = m/M × 6.02×10²³
Molar mass of water = 18
2.30×10²⁴ = m/18 × 6.02×10²³
2.30×10²⁴/6.02×10²³ = m/18
3.38 = m/18
m = 3.38 × 18
m = 60.84grams.
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How many grams is 0.5 moles?
0.5 moles of carbon weigh 6.0055 grams.
One of the chemical elements is carbon. The letter C stands for carbon, and the letter g stands for grams. As a result, 0.5 moles of carbon per gram is equivalent to 0.5 moles of carbon per gram, 0.5 moles of carbon per gram, and 0.5 moles of C per gram.
Carbon has a 12.011 atomic mass. Thus, one mole of carbon has a mass of 12.011 grams (12.011 g/mol). We multiply 0.5 moles of carbon by 12.011 to get grams, and vice versa.
no. of Grams = Moles of Carbon x 12.011
=0.5 × 12.011 = 6.0055
0.5 moles of carbon equal 6.0055 grams.
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The complete question is
How many grams is 0.5 moles of carbon
What is the E0cell? Mg 2+|Mg and Ci2|Ci
The E0cell for the halfcell that we have in the question is 3.73 V.
What is the cell potential?We have to know that the cell potential as we know it has to do with the electrical potential that is involved when we have the oxidation or the reduction of a given specie. In the case of what we have here, we have the cells that are composed of magnesium and chlorine and we want to find the electrode potential of the cells.
We must note that the basis that we can be able to use to find the electrode potential of the cell is the standard hydrogen electrode which has been assigned the value of about 0.00 V and all of the other cell potentials that we have can now be measured against this standard that has been fixed.
We have;
Magnesium half cell= -2.37 V
Chlorine half cell = + 1.36 V
Then we have;
E0cell = + 1.36 - (-2.37)
= 3.73 V
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why was the bohr model replaced
To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to atom. Therefore, Bohr's model was abandoned since it lacked explanatory, descriptive, and predictive ability.
What is atom?Atom is the smallest particle of any element, molecule or compound. Atom can not be further divided. Atoms contains nucleus in its center and electron that revolve around the atom in fixed orbit.
In the nucleus, proton and neutron are present. Electron has -1 charge while proton has +1 charge. Neutron is neutral that is it has no charge. Bohr's model was abandoned in favor of the quantum mechanical model since it lacked explanatory, descriptive, and predictive ability.
Therefore, Bohr's model was abandoned since it lacked explanatory, descriptive, and predictive ability.
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draw a diagram of the structure of the following atoms and state their electron arrangement:
(i) Mg
(ii)Ca
The diagrams of the arrangement of the electrons in calcium and magnesium have been shown in the image attached to this answer. There are two electrons in the valence shell of calcium.
How are the electrons arranged?We know that the electrons are the subatomic particles that we can be able to see in the shells of the atom. It is important that we ought to know that the electrons are the particles that are known to be responsible for the reactivity of the atom.
The number of the electrons that we can find in the atom would depend on the number of the protons that we have in the nucleus of the atom and this is because for the atom to be electrically neutral then we would have to have the same number of electrons and protons being in the atom as we know.
It is clear that calcium is a member of group two of the periodic table and that magnesium is also a member of group two of the periodic table.
The structures for calcium would have Ca and two dots while that of magnesium would have Mg and two dots.
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Calculate each of the following quantities:
A. Volume (ml) of 2.25 M potassium hydroxide that contains 15.0 g of solute enter a 3 significant figure number
B. molarity of 250. ml of solution containing 1.25 moles of glucose
C. volume (ml) of 10.00 M copper(II) nitrate that must be diluted with water to prepare 750.0 ml of a 2.500 M solution (enter to 4 significant figures)
D. Are the following instructions for diluting a 10.0 M solution to a 1.00 M solution correct: "Take 100.0 mL of the 10.0 M solution and add 900.0 mL water"? enter either true or false
(A) Vol. of solvent is 119.8 ml, (B) Molarity (M) of sol. is 5.00 M, (C) V1 of copper nitrate solution is 187.5 ml, (D) The instruction given is false.
(A). To calculate the volume (ml) of a 2.25 M potassium hydroxide solution that contains 15.0 g of solute, we can use the formula:
The unit of measurement for molarity (M) is moles of solute per liter of solvent.
Rearranging the formula to solve for liters of solvent:
Molecularity = moles of solute / liters of solvent (M)
We know that the molar mass of potassium hydroxide (KOH) is 56.1 g/mol. To find the moles of solute, we can divide the given mass (15.0 g) by the molar mass of KOH:
15.0 g / 56.1 g/mol = 0.2679 moles
Now we can plug this value into the formula above:
Liters of solvent = 0.2679 moles / 2.25 M
Liters of solvent = 0.1198 L or 119.8 ml (rounded to 3 significant figures)
(B). To calculate the molarity of a solution containing 1.25 moles of glucose in 250. ml of solvent, we can use the formula:
The unit of measurement for molarity (M) is moles of solute per liter of solvent.
Plugging in the given values:
Molarity (M) = 1.25 moles / 0.250 L
Molarity (M) = 5.00 M
(C). To calculate the volume of a 10.00 M copper(II) nitrate solution that must be added to water to prepare 750.0 ml of a 2.500 M solution, we can use the formula:
M1V1 = M2V2
Where M1 and V1 are the concentration and volume of the original solution, and M2 and V2 are the concentration and volume of the final solution.
We know that the final solution has a volume of 750.0 ml and a concentration of 2.500 M, so we can plug in these values for V2 and M2:
M1V1 = 2.500 M x 750.0 ml
Now we can solve for V1 (the original volume) by rearranging the formula:
V1 = M2V2 / M1
V1 = (2.500 M x 750.0 ml) / 10.00 M
V1 = 187.5 ml (rounded to 4 significant figures)
(D). The instructions "Take 100.0 mL of the 10.0 M solution and add 900.0 mL water" are not correct for diluting a 10.0 M solution to a 1.00 M solution.
To achieve this dilution, you would need to take a smaller volume of the 10.0 M solution and add a larger volume of water, because the final volume should be larger than the starting volume.
For example, you could take 10.0 mL of the 10.0 M solution and add 90.0 mL of water, which would give you a final volume of 100.0 mL and a concentration of 1.00 M. The instruction given above is false.
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Write the equilibrium expression, Kc, for Reaction 4: H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI (Hint: Because of the coefficient “2” in front of HI, you will have to square the concentration of HI to find Kc.)
The formula for the equilibrium constant is; [tex][HI]^{2} /[H_{2} ] [I_{2} ][/tex]
What is the equilibrium constant?We know that when we talk about the equilibrium constant that we are looking at the kind of constant that shows the extent to which there has been the conversion of the reactants to the products.
We can be able to obtain the equilibrium constant of the system by the application of the law of mass action and this would give the correct6 form of the expression for the equilibrium constant. This is how we know which of the species would have the square.
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A ring stand is used to ________ devices during laboratory procedures.
A ring stand is used to hold glassware devices during laboratory procedures.
Ring stands and accessories can make your lab experiments much easier if you are studying chemistry or physics.
A ring stand and its accessories are versatile pieces of equipment that will improve your hands-on activities by allowing you to conveniently heat beakers, flasks, test tubes, and other glassware over an alcohol burner, as well as set up physics apparatus such as moveable pulleys and inclined planes.
Each accessory is supported by a heavy base and an upright rod on the ring stand. To support additional equipment, a ring support is attached to the stand. Glassware is supported above an alcohol burner by wire gauze resting on the ring. To support funnels, crucibles, and evaporating dishes, the triangle rests on the ring. Burettes and test tubes are held in the burette clamp.
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energy transfer wet table information??
The energy is produced due to the process of beak down in the chemical process or reaction.
What is energy transfer and how can energy transfer?
That energy is stored in the bonds of the chemical compounds which include molecules and atoms. The point is released in the chemical reaction and the most power produces heat as a by-product, known as an exothermic reaction.
Energy may be released in a chemical reaction in the form of heat; that reaction is called exothermic. Reactions that require an input of heat to proceed may store some of that energy as chemical energy in newly formed bonds.
So we can conclude that Energy defined as the capacity to supply heat or do work is known as energy.
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Which has the larger ionic size Li+ or K?
Answer: K
Explanation: as we move down the group new shells are added and this increases the distance between the outermost electron and the nucleus.
PLS HELP ME WITH THIS QUESTION answer all blanks
The balanced chemical equation is N₂ + 3 H₂[tex]\rightarrow[/tex] 2 NH₃ which gives the formation of ammonia.
What is chemical equation?
Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.
The first chemical equation was put forth by Jean Beguin in 1615.By making use of chemical equations the direction of reaction ,state of reactants and products can be stated. In the chemical equations even the temperature to be maintained and catalyst can be mentioned.
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Analysis of a compound formed between magnesium and nitrogen showed it contained 14.4g of magnesium and 5.6.g of nitrogen.
What is the empirical formula of the compound?
A Mg2N3
B Mg3N2
CMg4N6
D Mg6N4
And why is it that way?
Answer:
B. Mg3N2
Explanation:
There are 20.0 grams total material (14.4g Mg and 5.6 g N). We can convert grams into moles of each element by dividing by that element's molar mass (g/mole) to yield the number of moles of each element. To find the empirical formula, we need to convert the moles of each to a whole number by using a fracor that provides a whole number for each element. 5 works well, and we get 0.6x5 = 3 Mg atoms and 0.4x5 = 2 N atoms.
Mass % g/mole grams moles Factor of 5
Mg 72.00% 24.305 14.4 0.6 2.962 or 3
N 28.00% 14.007 5.6 0.4 1.999 or 2
100.0% 20 1.0
There are 3 Mg and 2 N atoms per molecule. The empirical formula is Mg3N2.
If the element gallium has an atomic number of 31 and an atomic mass of 70, how many neutrons does it have
Which of the following is incorrect:
A. Protons contribute to the mass of the atom
B. Electrons have a negative charge
c. Neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom
d. Electrons, neutrons and protons all have the same mass
Answer: D
Explanation:
electrons have no mass
Sodium chloride reacts with silver nitrate. Type of reaction ______________________________ Balance chemical equation:
Sodium chloride reacts with silver nitrate. NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + NaNO3
intermolecular forces present in it.
The attracting and repellent forces that develop between the molecules of a substance are known as intermolecular forces or IMF for short. Individual molecules of a substance interact with one another through the mediation of these forces.
Most of the physical and chemical features of matter are caused by intermolecular forces.
An intermolecular force is an attractive force that develops between the protons or positive parts of one molecule and the electrons or negative parts of another molecule. This force affects a substance's many physical and chemical properties. The strength of a material's intermolecular forces directly relates to the boiling point of that substance; the stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the boiling point.
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What is the importance of CO2 and O2 in water?
The importance of the carbon dioxide, CO₂ and the oxygen O₂ in the water is they both are important for the aquatic animals and for the aquatic plant.
The CO₂ and O₂ are both important for the aquatic animals and also for the aquatic plants. the concentration of the oxygen in to the water is important for the aquatic animals that the dissolved oxygen for the respiration. the carbon dioxide will be more soluble in water than the oxygen in the water.
The carbon dioxide forms the carbonic acid in the water. the carbon dioxide is useful for the aquatic plants for the growth.
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What is the mass of 10 g?
The amount of matter contained within an object is commonly referred to as mass. The most typical way to measure it is as inertial mass, which refers to an object's resistance to acceleration under the influence of a net force.
Although the size of an object and its mass are frequently associated, larger objects do not always have more mass. For instance, an inflated balloon would have substantially less mass than a silver golf ball. Although there are numerous alternative units used to describe mass around the world, the kilogram is the accepted unit of mass according to the International System of Units (SI) (kg).
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Why does c14 have 8 neutrons?
C14 have 8 neutrons, because C have 6 atomic number and it have 14 atomic mas , where atomic mass is total of proton and neutron so the neutron of C14 is 8.
It is commonly known that Carbon-14 is an isotope of carbon. It is also known as a neutral atom. Additionally, the ratio of neutrons to protons varies among different isotopes.
The total number of protons that make up an atom's nucleus is represented by the atomic number of that atom, as is well known. We know that carbon has an atomic number of 6, a mass number of 14. It is common knowledge that mass is the product of protons and neutrons. There will thus be = 14 - 6 = 8 neutrons.
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Which of the following elements when the central atom could exhibit sp 3 d 2 hybridization?
C, S, N, B
in the given following elements when the central atom could exhibit sp 3 d 2 hybridization , Sulphur(S) can exhibit the asked configuration.
Z=16 for Sulphur
Electronic configuration [tex]1S^{2} 2S^{2} 2P^{6} 3S^{2} 3P^{2} 3D^{0}4S^{0}[/tex] here we can clearly see that the energy difference between the 3p and 3d shell is very so sulphur can exhibit the asked configuration.
Z=6 for Carbon C - [tex]1S^{2} 2S^{2} 2P^{2}[/tex]
Z=7 for Nitrogen N- [tex]1S^{2} 2S^{2} 2P^{3}[/tex]
Z=5 for Boron B- [tex]1S^{2} 2S^{2} 2P^{1}[/tex]
Here we can clearly see that the atom is very small d the shell is not present in the configuration above also the energy difference between the shells will be high as they are close to the nucleus hence the asked configuration can not be exhibited.
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Calcium oxide reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide. Type of reaction ____________________________ Balanced chemical equation:
Calcium oxide reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide which is a type of combination reaction. Therefore, the balanced chemical equation is: CaO+H2O→Ca(OH)2+Δ
The symbolic representation of a chemical reaction is a chemical equation. In this, the formulas and symbols for the reactants and products are used to depict them. Since the Middle Ages, quicklime, also known as calcium oxide, has been utilized as an alkaline substance. One of the oldest substances that humans have ever discovered is quicklime. Other names for it include lime or burned lime. Lime, or calcium oxide, is a chemical substance with the formula CaO. When calcium oxide, also referred to as quick lime, and water combine, calcium hydroxide is created (commonly known as slaked lime). This reaction is an example of a combination reaction.
Calcium oxide + Water → Calcium hydroxide
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How does reactivity vary when moving from left to right in third period of modern periodic table?
In the modern periodic table, reactivity increases when moving from left to right in the third period because metallic character decreases along a period.
The elements in the modern periodic table are arranged in 7 periods and 18 groups in a certain manner such that along a period , the metallic character of the element decreases and non-metallic character increases while on moving from top to bottom in a group, the metallic character increases and non-metallic character decreases.
The metallic character of elements depends upon its ability to lose electrons. Along a group, the size of atom increases and gradually the nuclear pull decreases so they can readily lose electrons but across a period, atomic size decreases and nuclear pull increases so they cannot lose electrons easily.
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How many bonds could each of the following chelating ligands form with a metal ion?
a. acetylacetone(acacH)
b. dirthylenetriamine
c. Salen
d. porphine
a. Acetylacetone(acacH) can form up to 4 bonds with a metal ion.
b. Dirthylenetriamine can form up to 4 bonds with a metal ion.
c. Salen can form up to 6 bonds with a metal ion.
d. Porphine can form up to 8 bonds with a metal ion.
1. Assertion:Amobea is unicellular organism and has no organs for
breathing.
R: Respiration of amobea is by diffusion.
Answer:
Amoeba has no special respiratory organs and no respiratory pigments but there is a free exchange of gases by diffusion through the general body surface which is permeable to the gases dissolved in water
If you see an uncharacterized container that has a white crystalline residue on the outside, what should you do
What is measuring tools for sewing?
Measuring tools like Clear ruler, yardstick, measuring tape etc. They are very useful for the perfect fit and shape of any garment and even home furnishing.
Sewing is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches which is made up of a sewing needle and thread.
Measuring tools are the instruments used by practitioners and researches to aid in the assessment or evaluation of the subjects, clients or patients etc. These instruments are used to measure or collect the data on a variety of variables ranging from psychosocial wellbeing or physical functioning.
Measuring tools in sewing are as follows: Measuring tape, clear ruler, quilting ruler, yardstick, French curve etc.
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Classify each amino acid according to whether its side chain is predominantly protonated or deprotonated at a pH of 7. 40. The p K a values of the Asp, His, and Lys side chains are 3. 65 , 6. 00 , and 10. 53 , respectively
His and Lys are deprotonated but Asp will be protonated.
What is amino acids?Organic substances that possess both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups are known as amino acids. Although hundreds of amino acids occur in nature, the alpha-amino acids that constitute proteins are by far the most significant. The genetic coding contains only 22 alpha amino acids. Amino acids are chemicals that make proteins when they combine. The building blocks of life are amino acids and proteins. Amino acids are left over after proteins are digested or broken down. To support the body, the human body utilizes amino acids to build proteins: Food should be broken down.
Here,
As the pH is given as 7.4 and pK of His is given as 6.00. There will occur a positive charge on His when it's pH < pK therefore, it is neutral at the given pH.
As the pK value of Lys is 10.53 that is greater than the pH of 7.40. Therefore, charge on Lys is positive.
As the pK value of Asp is 3.65 which is less than the pH value of 7.40. Hence, Asp has a negative charge.
Therefore, we can conclude that His and Lys are deprotonated but Asp will be protonated.
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diatomic elements are important. what makes them different from other elemental substances?
Diatomic elements are important because they make up a significant portion of the Earth's atmosphere and are crucial for many biological and chemical processes.
Diatomic elements are elements that exist in nature as molecules made up of two atoms of the same element, such as H2, O2, N2, and F2.
A diatomic atom is one that cannot exist on its own. There are no single O atoms floating around in the sky. Because O atoms must exist in pairs, oxygen occurs as O2. These atoms are too unstable to live on their own.
This elements are different from other elemental substances because they are composed of multiple atoms of the same element, rather than a single atom or a mixture of different elements.
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What volume (in L) of nitrogen will be produced from the reaction of 6. 8 L of carbon monoxide?
2CO(g)+2NO(g)>N2(g)+2CO2(g)
The volume of nitrogen produced from the reaction of 6.8 L of carbon monoxide is 3.7 L
In order to determine the volume of nitrogen produced from the reaction of 6.8 L of carbon monoxide, we need to use the balanced equation for the reaction:
2CO(g) + 2NO(g) -> N2(g) + 2CO2(g)
From the equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of CO that react, 1 mole of N2 is produced. The volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas present.
If the initial volume of CO is 6.8 L, we can assume that the number of moles of CO is
6.8 L / 24.45 L/mol = 0.278 mol.
Therefore, the number of moles of N2 produced would be
0.278 mol CO * (1 mol N2 / 2 mol CO) = 0.139 mol N2.
Finally, using the ideal gas law PV = nRT (where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature), we can calculate the volume of N2 produced:
V = nRT / P
V = 0.139 mol N2 * (8.314 J/mol*K) * (273 K) / (1 atm) = 3.7 L
So, the volume of nitrogen produced from the reaction of 6.8 L of carbon monoxide is 3.7 L.
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