Why did alexander fleming suspect he could get penicillin from a species of mold?
a. Wounds with superficial mold on the bandages were not becoming septic.
b. Bacteria on culture plates were unable to grow near mold contamination.
c. Soldiers eating moldy bread were not suffering from wound infections.
d. Patients infected with a fungus like, athlete's foot, were less likely to have bacterial infections.
e. Soldiers drinking fermented alcohol were less likely to have bacterial infections.

Smooth muscle tissues are located in walls of hollow visceral organs (such as the liver, pancreas, and intestines).

Smooth muscle cells are responsible for involuntary movements like regulation of blood flow through vital organs and movement of materials along digestive and urinary passageways.

Smooth muscle is a type of tissue found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the intestines, uterus and stomach. You can also find smooth muscle in the walls of passageways, including arteries and veins of de cardiovascular system.

Smooth muscle cells are spindle shaped, have a single, centrally located nucleus, and lack striations. They are called involuntary muscles. Cardiac muscle has branching fibers, one nucleus per cell, striations, and intercalated disks.

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Before meiosis, the DNA in each chromosome is replicated. The process shown in the diagram is of chromosomes.

Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms and results in a reduction in the number of chromosomes in gametes.

The two identical copies of DNA that result from this replication are known as sister chromatids,' and they are brought together by a section of the chromosome known as the centromere.

Therefore, each chromosome's DNA is copied prior to meiosis.

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DNA contains the genetic instructions for all living organisms in the form of a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These bases pair up in a specific way (A with T, and C with G) to form the rungs of the DNA ladder. The sequence of these base pairs determines the genetic information that is stored in DNA.

This genetic information is used to create proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of cells. The process of creating proteins from DNA is called protein synthesis. It occurs in two main steps: transcription and translation.

During transcription, a section of DNA is copied into a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and moves to the ribosomes, which are the site of protein synthesis.

During translation, the sequence of bases in the mRNA is read by transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, which bring the correct amino acids to the ribosome. The amino acids are then linked together in a specific order, determined by the sequence of bases in the mRNA, to form a protein.

So, to summarize, DNA provides the instructions for making proteins through a process called protein synthesis, which involves transcription of a specific sequence of DNA into RNA, and translation of the RNA sequence into a specific sequence of amino acids that constitute a protein.

Note that a summary was given as the information is incomplete and the complete question wasn't found.

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Combine into one sentence. The earth and moon that were hit by asteroids throughout history, the craters on them were erased by weather, water and plants.

Asteroids are celestial bodies in the form of rock-like fragments with irregular shapes that move around the sun.

When the asteroid heads towards the earth, it will be eroded by the ozone layer, but if the size is very large, the asteroid will fall and hit the earth's surface. Some craters may form as a result of asteroids falling to earth, but they can be wiped from the earth's surface by weather, water and plants. So that the crater is almost invisible because it is similar to the rest of the earth's surface.

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Answer:

it's called rain I hope this helps

The impact of geosphere is, some spiders that live in caves have lost functioning eyes, which are unnecessary in an environment without light.

Option D is correct.

The geosphere includes the rocks, minerals, and soil of the crust, the mantle formed mostly of magma, and a very hot metallic core.

The geosphere is important to evolution of lives on Earth.

The geosphere defines the environment we live in, controls the distribution of minerals, rocks and soils and generate natural hazards that shape the lands and impact humans.

Thus, the correct statement about impact of geosphere is, some spiders that live in caves have lost functioning eyes, which are unnecessary in an environment without light.

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Complete question: Which statement gives an example that best demonstrates how the geosphere has affected the evolution of life on Earth?

A.

Certain plants have evolved to absorb pollutants like carbon monoxide and formaldehyde through their leaves.

B.

Certain marine mammals have lost functioning hindlimbs, which can impede an animal's movement through water.

C.

Some hummingbirds have evolved to have very long beaks that can only reach the nectar of specific flowers.

D.

Some spiders that live in caves have lost functioning eyes, which are unnecessary in an environment without light.

Termites are able to eat wood because : B. Microorganisms break down wood in the gut of a termite. A healthy ecosystem: C. Plants and animals of many kinds are able to meet their needs. Parrot survive winter in a temperate forest C. Yes. The parrot would grow thicker feathers.

Termites have protozoa and bacteria in their gut that allow them to break down the cellulose fibers in wood, which is difficult for other creatures to digest.

Parrots can survive in very cold environment, such as winter in a temperate forest.

Healthy ecosystem: provides abundant and beneficial services to its constituents, such as food, water, shelter, recreation, and natural beauty.

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An infectious particle made only of protein is called a C)prion. Prions are misfolded proteins which have the ability to transmit their misfolded shape into normal variants of the same protein. So,correct option is C.

Prions describe a few lethal and contagious neuro degenerative illnesses in people and numerous other animals. It isn't understood what makes an ordinary protein misfold, however the subsequent unusual three-layered structure presents irresistible properties by falling close by protein particles into a similar shape.

The word prion is gotten from the expression "proteinaceous irresistible particle". In contrast with any remaining referred to irresistible specialists like viroids, infections, microorganisms, growths, and parasites, all of which contain nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, or both), the conjectured job of a protein as an irresistible specialist remains conversely.

Hence,correct option is C.

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(Complete question) is:

An infectious particle made only of protein is called a what?

a)virus

b)lipid

c)prion

d)bacteria

b. False

DNA mutations occur in the genetic material of an organism, specifically in the DNA sequence. The shape of the extracellular portion of a protein is determined by the amino acid sequence of the protein, which is encoded by the DNA. A change in the DNA sequence can result in a change in the amino acid sequence and therefore the shape of the protein, but the mutation would be located in the DNA, not in the extracellular portion of the protein.

It's important to note that a change in the shape of extracellular portion of a protein, can have various effects on the protein activity, stability, and interactions with other molecules, but the change would occur after the protein is translated from the DNA, not in the DNA itself.

The number of atoms in 1 mole of H₂O is 6.02 × 10²³ particles.

The number of atomic particles of an element or compound depends on the number of moles of that element or compound.

By definition, 1 mole of a substance has a total of 6.02 × 10²³ particles, where this number is called Avogadro's number.

In this case, the substance is water (H₂O). So that 1 mole has as many particles as:

Number of particles = 1 x 6.02 × 10²³

Number of particles = 16.02 × 10²³ particles

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The act of copying information from a strand of DNA into a fresh messenger RNA molecule is called transcription (mRNA). DNA maintains genetic material in the cell nucleus as a reference in a secure and stable manner.

The process of transcription involves copying (transcription) the DNA sequence of a gene to create an RNA molecule. The primary transcription enzyme is RNA polymerase. When RNA polymerase connects to a promoter sequence near the start of a gene, transcription starts (directly or through helper proteins).

The action of Prokaryotes carry out transcription in the cytoplasm, whereas eukaryotes do it in the nucleus. An RNA (mRNA) molecule is created using DNA as a template. When transcribing, a

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Explanation:

The reason why bananas are curved is due to a process called negative geotropism. So, initially bananas start by growing towards the ground, but will eventually start growing towards the sun. With that being said, you’ll often find that some bananas are completely straight. did it help

Answer: Negative geotropism

Explanation: The reason why bananas are curved is due to a process called negative geotropism. So, initially bananas start by growing towards the ground, but will eventually start growing towards the sun. With that being said, you’ll often find that some bananas are completely straight. This is because of an innovation known as bagging, whereby the fruit is covered in order to protect it from insects and animals.

The crime scene in Frances Gessner Lee's "Murder is Her Hobby" depicts a gruesome double homicide in a rural farmhouse.

What is a homicide?

A homicide is the killing of one person by another. It can be either intentional or accidental. In some cases, homicide may be considered justifiable or excusable, such as in the case of self-defence.

Two victims, a husband and wife, are found dead in their bed, showing signs of blunt force trauma. The husband had also been shot in the back of the head.

When does a homicide become a murder?

Killing someone purposefully or as a punishment of committing some other significant crime is known as murder. Second degree murder normally has no ingredient of seditious tendency, but murder does.

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Answer:

A. All offspring will show the dominant phenotype for this trait.

Hope this helps!

Explanation:

A quick and easy way to sum values in Excel is to use AutoSum. Simply select an empty cell immediately below a column of data. Then, on the Formula tab, click AutoSum > Sum.

AutoSum is a useful tool in Excel for performing basic mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. This tool is located in the Format tab and allows you to automate your calculations.

AutoSum allows you to quickly select a range of cells and calculate the addition, subtraction, average, multiplication or division of the values without having to type a formula. It also allows you to select a column or an entire row to calculate the total sum.

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Answer:

genetic

Explanation:

everything person on earth has different genetics, its what makes our hair color/texture,eye color, skin color, personality, what we like and dont like,etc

genetics are one of the most diversed things

The most common way that active transport occurs in a cell is through the transport proteins that are located at the cell membrane of the cell.

A cell is defined as the structural and functional unit of a living organism that is made up of membrane bound proteins that functions together for the benefit of the cell.

The semi permeable membrane that surrounds the cell is called the cell membrane and it allows the passage of some substances while refusing the passage of others.

The process it uses for transport is called active transport which occurs in a cell is through the transport proteins that are located at the cell membrane of the cell.

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A trait that is influenced by two or more genes, such as height or skin tone, is known as a polygenic trait.

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Mid-ocean ridges occur along divergent plate boundaries where new ocean floors form as the Earth's tectonic plates spread. As the plates separate, lava rises to the ocean floor, causing massive volcanic eruptions of basalt.

The definition of seafloor spreading is a geological process occurring at the boundary between two plates where molten material within the Earth is pushed up and the plates move apart.

At the boundaries of these branches, the molten material cools and solidifies, creating a new oceanic crust or seafloor. Mid-ocean ridges are constantly forming new submarine rocks, and rifts are eroding older submarine rocks. If continental rocks are constantly being formed but not removed, what is the age of the oldest rocks on the continent compared to the age of ancient rocks on Earth.

Mid-ocean ridges occur along divergent plate boundaries where new ocean floors form as the Earth's tectonic plates spread. When the plates separate, lava rises to the seafloor, causing huge volcanic eruptions of basalt. The definition of seafloor spreading is a geological process occurring at the boundary between two plates that pushes molten material within the Earth, causing the plates to move apart from each other. At these branch boundaries, molten material cools and solidifies, creating new oceanic crust or seafloor.

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Answer:

For Darwin himself these five theories were apparently much more a unity than they appear to a person who analyzes them with modern hindsight. The five theories were: (1) evolution as such, (2) common descent, (3) gradualism, (4) multiplication of species, and (5) natural selection.

During catabolism, the enzyme breaks bonds in large molecules composing smaller molecules as products. In the image, Catalase is the enzyme, H₂O₂ is the large molecule, and H₂O and O₂ are the smaller  product molecules.

In metabolic reactions mediated by enzymes, the substrates turn into products faster than they would naturally do.

Enzymes act as catalyzer molecules to accelerate natural reactions.

There are two main types of metabolic reactions mediated by enzymes,

Catabolism is the process through which a large molecule is broken into simpler smaller molecules. The enzyme gets in contact with the substrate and breaks it apart into pieces.

Enzymes have specific active sites to which the substrate binds.

Once these large molecules join through these binding sites, they compose the enzyme-substrate complex.

The enzyme turns the substrate into smaller product molecules.

Finally, these smaller molecules are released into the environment.

In the image, we can see this sequence of events.

1) The large molecule is H₂O₂ that binds catalase by its active site.

2) Both of them together compose the H₂O₂-catalase complex (enzyme-substrate complex).

3) Catalaze breaks down H₂O₂ producing H₂O and O₂.

4) Finally, H₂O and O₂ are released from the enzyme binding site.

You will find the image in the attached files

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A large part of the urchin body cavity is takes up by a fluid called coelomic fluid.

This fluid is produced by the coelomic epithelium, which lines the coelom, and it contains various cells and dissolved substances, such as nutrients and waste products. The coelomic fluid is important for the circulation of nutrients and oxygen throughout the urchin's body, as well as for the removal of waste products. Additionally, it also provides support and buoyancy, and helps to protect the urchin's internal organs from mechanical damage. The coelomic fluid takes up a large part of the urchin's body cavity, filling most of the space within the urchin's test (shell) and surrounding the internal organs.

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Answer:

they are described as amino acids

pH is important to living thing because pH affects the activity of enzymes, pH affects the solubility of nutrients and toxins, pH affects the activity of ion channels and transporters, pH affects the toxicity of some pollutants, pH is an important factor that can affect the physiology and biochemistry of living organisms and their environment.

pH affects the activity of enzymes: Many enzymes in living organisms have an optimal pH range at which they function best. If the pH deviates too far from this range, the enzymes can become denatured and lose their ability to catalyze reactions.

pH affects the solubility of nutrients and toxins: The solubility of many substances is affected by pH. For example, some nutrients such as iron and calcium are more soluble at neutral pH, while others such as lead and mercury are more toxic at acidic pH.

pH affects the activity of ion channels and transporters: Many ion channels and transporters are pH-sensitive and their activity is affected by changes in pH. For example, the sodium-potassium pump in cell membranes is active at a specific pH range, which is essential for the maintenance of the membrane potential and the function of the nervous system.

pH affects the toxicity of some pollutants: Some pollutants such as heavy metals and acids can be more toxic to organisms at certain pH levels, and this can have a negative impact on the health of entire ecosystems.

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Answer:

1.5 hours

Explanation:

I believe this is the right answer

The local water table could be lowered, causing many plants to die. The hydrologic cycle could stop in the surrounding areas, causing a drought.

It is not typical for a palisade mesophyll to have a cylindrical shape, as it is a type of plant tissue found in leaves and is typically arranged in layers. The cylindrical shape is not a characteristic that is commonly associated with the palisade mesophyll.

Option 2 is Correct. In primary active transport, carrier proteins are used, but in secondary active transport, channel proteins are used.

In contrast to secondary active transport, which can move two substances at once, primary active transport can only move one chemical at a time. The two molecules moving in secondary active transport may do so in different directions or in the same direction (both into the cell) (i.e., one into and one out of the cell).

Membrane transport proteins can be divided into two groups: carriers and channels. Across the lipid bilayer, both create continuous protein routes. Solute flow through channel proteins is always passive, in contrast to the active or passive nature of transport by carriers.

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Correct Question:

Integral proteins are mostly involved in

1. enzymatic function.

2. transport function.

3. receptors.

4.recognition sites.