Growth in all organisms occurs through the process of mitotic cell division. Cell division is the process of dividing old cells to form new cells, thereby increasing the number of cells needed for growth and various other activities in the body. It is a major and regular process essential to all life.
During mitosis, cells divide to form two identical daughter cells. All cells undergo mitosis and in this way the number of cells in the body increases and the organism grows.
Body tissue grows by increasing the number of cells that make it up. Cells in many tissues of the body divide and grow very rapidly into adulthood. As we grow, many cells mature and specialize in specific tasks in the body.
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What is the best evidence we have for evolution ?
The continuity of the fossil record from ancient to contemporary times may be the strongest fossil evidence supporting evolution.
We don't find things like mammals in strata from the Devonian, the age of fishes, or human fossils alongside dinosaur remains anywhere on Earth. Evolution that is, common descent, gradualism, species diversification, and natural selection are the five hypotheses that Darwin united. A theory is an explanation for how a natural phenomenon functions that has undergone extensive testing through observations and experiments intended to establish the validity of the explanation. In this context, evolution might be considered both reality and a theory. The fact that creatures have altered or evolved over the course of Earth's history is undeniable.
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how does the the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration connect with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Decade is closely aligned with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which outlines 17 Sustainable Development Goals that aim to achieve a more sustainable and equitable world for all.
The Decade focuses on the restoration of degraded ecosystems, which is essential for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Ecosystems are essential for the health and vitality of the planet and its inhabitants. They provide a variety of resources such as food, water, and medicine, and they regulate the climate and provide habitat for many species of plants and animals. When these ecosystems are degraded, they can no longer provide these essential resources and services.
The Decade on Ecosystem Restoration seeks to address this problem by focusing on the restoration of these ecosystems. This includes activities such as reforestation, restoring wetlands, and rehabilitating degraded land. These activities not only help restore ecosystems, but they also help reduce poverty and improve the livelihoods of people living in these areas. For example, restoring wetlands can help provide water for irrigation, while rehabilitating degraded land can help improve crop yields and provide more income for local communities.
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The element phosphate can be found in which macromolecule(s):
O Protein
O Lipids
O Carbohydrates
O Nucleic Acids
O All of the above
O Proteins and Nucleic Acids only
O Carbohydrates and lipids only
The element phosphate can be found in nucleic acids.
Nucleic acids are macromolecules that are made up of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Each nucleotide consists of a sugar (either deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA), a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine in DNA; adenine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil in RNA), and a phosphate group. The phosphate group is an important component of the nucleotide and plays a key role in the structure and function of nucleic acids.
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How many total permanent teeth should an adult have, assuming none have been lost or removed? -8 -16 -20 -32
Answer:
The correct answer is 32 teeth.
Explanation:
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Many lethal genetic disorders such as CF, Huntington’s, sickle cell anemia, Tay Sach’s, etc., persist in the human genome.
How have these genes survived so many millennia of evolution (why didn’t they die out)?
These genes survived so many millennia of evolution because most of the genetic disorders are caused due to mutation in genome.
What is Mutation?This is referred to as an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA by different factors.
The factors which cause mutation in individuals are exposure to mutagens or a viral infection which may be due to the high increase in the technology available in the environment in which they live and operate
These genes such as those which cause disorders such as Huntington’s, sickle cell anemia, Tay Sach’s, etc survived so many millennia of evolution because there is still the cause being present in our everyday world which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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was a drought for a long period of time, what beak type would become more common in the ground finch population explain
One would anticipate a shift in the population of ground finches toward smaller, more pointed beaks in the event of a protracted drought.
What is population?Population is a term used to refer to a group of individuals, typically humans, that inhabit a particular area or territory.
This is due to the likelihood that there will be less food available during a drought, especially small, hard seeds. Because they are more adept at breaking open tiny, difficult seeds, birds with smaller, quite pointed beaks seem to be better able to take advantage of the scarce food sources that are available. They would have an edge over birds with bigger, blunter beaks in terms of survival as a result. Natural selection would then favour birds with smaller beaks over time, increasing the proportion of birds with the this beak type in the population.
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Why do whales need oxygen?
Whales need oxygen for respiration processes because they do not have gills, and whales are unable to breathe oxygen that is dissolved in water.
The lack of gills, which prevent whales from breathing oxygen dissolved in water, is the most obvious distinction between whales and other fish. Instead, they have lungs, which means that whenever they want to breathe air, they have to come to the surface.
They can stay underwater for hours at a time because they have a very efficient respiratory system that allows their lungs to get the most out of each breath. To put things in perspective, when we are at rest, humans breathe about 12 to 20 times per minute, but they only take in 5% of the oxygen in a single breath. This is in contrast to a whale, which can absorb up to 90% of the oxygen it breathes. This indicates that a whale takes in significantly more oxygen in a single breath than a human does.
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Only about _____ of genes are different from one person to the next. Those that are different are called _____.
The correct answer is A; 1%, alleles, A gene mutation is a change that occurs in one or more genes (myoo-TAY-shun). Certain genetic mutations can cause genetic disorders or illnesses.
The human genome is substantially same in all individuals. There are, however, variations across the genome. This genetic variety accounts for around 0.001% of each individual's DNA and results in differences in appearance and health. People who are closely related share more DNA.
There are genes that are dominant and recessive. The most common interaction between alleles is a dominant/recessive relationship. When one allele of a gene effectively overrules the other (recessive) allele, the dominant allele is said to exist. Correlations between dominant and recessive genes can be seen in eye color and blood type.
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Full Question ;
Only about _____ of genes are different from one person to the next. Those that are different are called _____.
A) 1%, alleles
B) 20%, alleles
C) 1%, traits
D) 20%, traits
What could have been a valid conclusion on the basis of Mendel's experiments ?
The differential inheritance of genes for two different traits may be a valid conclusion based on Mendel's experiments.
Mendel concluded that traits can be divided into overt and latent traits. He named these dominant and recessive traits respectively. Dominant traits are traits that are inherited unchanged by hybridization.
The key principles of Mendelian inheritance are summarized by Mendel's three laws: Law of Independent Collection, Law of Domination, Law of Separation.
Through his pea breeding experiments, Mendel developed his three principles of inheritance that account for the transmission of genetic traits before anyone knew of their existence. Mendel's discoveries greatly expanded our understanding of heredity and led to the development of new experimental methods.
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What is the visceral mass that every mollusk has?
A. centralized region of the body in which all the organs are located
B. highly muscular region specialized for locomotion
C. hard exoskeleton made of protein and calcium carbonate
D. heavy fold of tissue that encloses the mollusk's body
The visceral mass that every mollusk has is a centralized region of the body in which all the organs are located which is therefore denoted as option A.
What is a Mollusk?This is referred to as a tiny soft-bodied invertebrate of the phylum Mollusca, which is usually wholly or partly enclosed in a calcium carbonate as it acts as the shell.
It also contains a holds the bulk of the digestive, reproductive, excretory, and respiratory systems. and some parts comprises of the mantle, or pallial, cavity.
Examples of these types of organisms are snails, slugs etc and is therefore the reason why the visceral mass which contains different types of organs needed for its daily activities was chosen as the correct choice.
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Consumers at each trophic level convert only 10% of the energy in their food to energy for themselves. What happens to the other 90% of the energy their food produces
The other 90% of the energy produced by the food of the consumers at each trophic level is lost to the environment in the form of heat.
This is due to the fact that all organisms are constantly losing energy through metabolic processes such as respiration and excretion. This energy is not converted into useful energy for the organism, so it is lost as heat.
This heat is radiated out into the environment and dissipated, or it is absorbed by other organisms in the ecosystem. This is why it is important for organisms at each trophic level to consume enough food to make up for the energy lost in the form of heat.
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How might a mutation affect the active site of an enzyme?
A mutation that occurs in a region of the DNA that codes for an amino acid sequence found in the active site of an enzyme can change the folded morphology of the active site and its affinity for its substrate.
Large regions of DNA can replicate when there is a mutation, usually as a result of genetic recombination. Animal genomes duplicate tens to hundreds of genes per million years, creating a significant genetic resource for the generation of new genes. The bulk of genes can be classified into bigger gene families that share an ancestor using sequence homology. The procedures that most typically result in novel genes are the duplication and mutation of an ancestral gene or the recombination of segments from several genes to create new combinations with novel functions. When connected, protein domains work as modules, each with a distinct purpose, to create genes that code for new proteins with unusual features.
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Classifying and Exploring Life Lesson 1. Characteristics of Life Lesson 2. Classifying Organisms Lesson 3. Identifying a Beetle Lesson 4. Exploring Life Lesson 5. Constructing a Dichotomous Key
There appear to be five different lesson topics related to studying life, its characteristics, and to classify and identify different organisms.
"Characteristics of Life," would likely cover the basic characteristics that all living things share, such as the ability to grow, reproduce, and respond to their environment.
"Classifying Organisms," would likely cover how scientists group and classify living things into different categories based on their characteristics, such as the use of taxonomy and the classification system proposed by Carl Linnaeus.
"Identifying a Beetle," would likely focus on teaching students how to identify different species of beetles by their physical characteristics, such as size, shape, and coloration.
"Exploring Life," would likely focus on introducing students to the diversity of life on Earth and the different ways in which living things interact with each other and their environment.
"Constructing a Dichotomous Key," would likely teach students how to use a dichotomous key, which is a tool that helps identify different species by asking a series of questions and narrowing down the options based on the answers.
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Ile Faller is of inheritance
Read each of the sentences that describe a physical change. Drag each sentence into the correct box.
Coat color in rabbits is expressed with four different phenotypes by a single gene. - This is an example of multiple alleles.
The trait of coat color is determine by one gene, but 4 different variants in that gene produce 4 different phenotypes.
When a certain variety of black chicken is crossed with a white chicken, all of the offspring are checkered. Black and white feathers are produced in the offspring. This is an example of codominance - When black and white chickens are crossed, they produce heterozygous chickens that are checkered. This heterozygous phenotype results in the expression of both traits, as both are expressed in the phenotype. Then, when the heterozygotes are crossed, the homozygous black and white chickens and be produced again. If it was incomplete dominance, we would expect the rabbits to be grey.
The F1 generation produced by a cross between red-flowered (RR) and white-flowered (r) Four O clock plants consists of pink colored flowers - this is an example of incomplete dominance, which is characterised by a blending phenotype, where one allele is not fully dominant over the other. If it was codominance, we would expect stripes or spots of both red and white.
The distribution of plant heights forms a bell-shaped curve with intermediate heights occurring most often. - this is an example of polygenic traits. Height is usually not controlled just by one gene, instead it is the result of the action of several different genes that have small effects on the phenotype.
Leaves on a tree can have different sizes and shapes depending on the amount of light they receive. This is an example of environmental influence on gene expression - the light is an environmental factor that influences what and how genes are transcribed, producing effects on leaf shape.
Genetic disorders in human mitochondrial DNA follow non. Mendelian patterns of inheritance - this is an example of maternal inheritance. Mitochondrial DNA is only inherited from the mother, this is because during fertilization, the egg cell is so much larger than the sperm cell and contains so many more mitochondria. And this is the source of where all the mitochondria arise.
Your question is incomplete most probably your full question was
Read each of the sentences that describe a physical change. Drag each sentence i into the correct
Coat color in rabbits is expressed with four different phenotypes by a single gene.
When a certain variety of black chicken is crossed with a white chicken, all of the offspring are checkered. Black and white feathers
are produced in the offspring.
The F1 generation produced by a cross between red-flowered (RR) and white-flowered (r) Four o'clock plants consists of pink
colored flowers
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TESTS
The distribution of plant heights forms a bell-shaped curve with internediate heights occurring most often.
Leaves on a tree can have different sizes and shapes depending on the amount of light they receive.
Genetic disorders in human mitochondrial DNA follow non. Mendelian patterns of inheritance,
a bell-shaped curve w
Genetic disorders in human mitoch
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Multiple alleles
Polygenic traits Maternal inheritance
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What are the 5 chromosome mutations?
The 5 chromosome mutations are given as , duplication, deletions, insertions , inversions, translocation.
1. Duplication: The multiple copies of a chromosome that occur during the duplication process.
2. Deletions - When a nucleotide is removed, the mRNA codons change (the nitrogen bases of a DNA). This will change the makeup of amino acids.
3. Insertions – An insertion is the addition of a new nucleotide.
4. Chromosomal inversions happen when a chromosome fragment breaks off and reattaches in the opposite direction to the same spot.
5. Translocation: This is the splitting in half and moving of two chromosomes.
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If untreated, squamous cell carcinoma of the external ear can spread through the temporal bone, causing which effect
If left untreated, squamous cell carcinoma of the external ear can spread through the temporal bone causing hearing loss, facial paralysis and dizziness.
Squamous cell cancer or carcinoma is a type of a skin cancer which develops in the squamous cells of the skin. This type of cancer can be very aggressive and spread to different parts of the body.
Squamous cell cancer present in the external ear can grow deeper in the body and is very likely to spread to other parts. If the tumor is left untreated and grows happens to grow into the temporal bone of the ear, it is possible that it can cause effects like hearing loss, dizziness, and even facial paralysis.
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The relative movements of Earth, the Moon, and the Sun create patterns of change we observe.
A complete and accurate model for explaining the phases of the Moon visible on Earth requires which of the following?
Select all that are needed.
- sun
-earth
- moon
The Sun constantly illuminates one-half of the Moon, but the amount of this half that we can view from Earth determines the phase that we observe. the phases of the Moon visible on Earth requires the sun, earth, and moon.
What are the phases of the Moon?Only the "night" side of the Moon is visible during the new moon. if there is a full moon, the Moon will rise just before dusk.
About two weeks pass between the new moon and the full moon. At the new moon, the luminous portion of the Moon that faces the Sun is complete.
Therefore, the many moon forms that are visible from Earth are referred to as phases of the moon.
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Kelp forests are a very important ecosystem in marine waters by supporting important biodiversity. These kelp forests are threatened by all of the following except _____.
Kelp forests are a very important ecosystem in marine waters by supporting important biodiversity. These kelp forests are threatened by all of the following except presence of large predators.
Kelp forests are an incredibly important marine ecosystem that provide a variety of benefits to the surrounding environment. They are a prime source of habitat and food for a large variety of species, including fish, invertebrates, and even certain species of seabirds. In addition, kelp forests also act as a type of buffer, protecting coasts from erosion and providing habitat for juvenile fish, which helps to maintain coastal fish populations. Unfortunately, kelp forests are threatened by many factors, including overfishing, pollution, and climate change.
The one factor that does not threaten kelp forests is the presence of large predators. While large predators can have a significant impact on the overall structure of a kelp forest, they are not directly responsible for the decline and destruction of kelp forests. For example, while sea otters, seals, and sea lions can have a significant impact on kelp forests by over-browsing, they are not the cause of the decline in kelp forests.
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What is the first and the most important step in the resuscitation of this newborn?
The single most crucial and efficient phase in cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a critically ill newborn is lung ventilation. The newborn should be placed under a radiant heat source to offer warmth. The baby should then be dried off, their airway should be cleared with a bulb syringe or suction catheter if necessary, and their breathing should be stimulated.
Rescuers should make sure that aided ventilation is being administered as optimally as possible before beginning chest compressions because ventilation is the most effective intervention in neonatal resuscitation and because chest compressions are likely to compete with good ventilation. Thus successful resuscitation depends on efficient ventilation. One cannot always foresee or forecast the necessity for neonatal resuscitation at birth.
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help please!! (use the sentence frame)
I know that the kittens come from the same litter because they have a similar appearance.
What is reproduction?We know that the term reproduction would have to do with the process by which the organisms that are part of a species would be able to produce the young ones that are of the same kind with them.
We know that if the kittens do come from the same litter that there would be some kind of resemblance that they carry that would show that the genes that they are having do come from a common source.
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Label the following blood pressure readings as hypotensive, normal, pre-hypertensive, or hypertensive.
The following blood pressure readings are :
100/70 - Normal
150/95 - Hypertensive
130/85 - Pre-hypertensive
80/50 - Hypotensive
High blood pressure is nothing but high blood pressure and is a serious condition because it forces the heart to work harder to pump blood throughout the body and can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke and kidney failure if left untreated. Likewise, low blood pressure is hypotension.
Normal blood pressure varies from person to person, but the American Heart Association recommends a target blood pressure of less than 120 mm Hg systolic and less than 80 mm Hg diastolic. Stage 1 hypertension is when a person has a systolic blood pressure of 130-139 or a diastolic blood pressure of 80-89.
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Complete question :
Label the following blood pressure readings as hypotensive, normal, pre-hypertensive, or hypertensive.
100/70, 150/95, 130/85, 80/50
What should be done first in neonatal resuscitation?
In neonatal resuscitation firstly the newborn should be placed under a radiant heat source to offer warmth.
The baby should then be dried off, their airway should be cleared with a bulb syringe or suction catheter if necessary, and their breathing should be stimulated.
Clear the airway by suctioning the mouth first, followed by the nose, with a bulb syringe or suction catheter if the baby is energetic at birth (strong respiratory effort, such as crying, good muscular tone, heart rate > 100 bpm). If bradycardia develops when sucking, cease sucking and reassess the heart rate. Suctioning for intubation is not necessary.
The newborn needs tracheal suctioning if they are not active (decreased breathing, depressed muscle tone, and heart rate 100 bpm). Using a laryngoscope and a suction catheter under direct eyesight, first clean the mouth and posterior pharynx before inserting the endotracheal tube into the trachea. Connect an apparatus for suction to the endotracheal tube. As the tube is gently withdrawn, use suction. Repeat as necessary until the meconium is recovered or the heart rate drops down below 60 beats per minute, at which point immediate resuscitation is required. Give a soft yet forceful stimulation; touch the back and softly flick the soles.
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What is a sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum that ranges in size from a pea to an orange, usually appearing on the scalp, neck, and back.
Sebaceous cysts contain sebum, a substance that helps lubricate the skin and hair. Epidermal cysts are made up of dead skin cells that have not been removed from the skin's surface.
Sebaceous cysts are typically not dangerous. Very few can get cancer (cancerous). Epidermal inclusion cysts and sebaceous cysts are sometimes confused. It is important to note that epidermal inclusion cysts do not affect the sebaceous gland.
Hyperkeratosis - Excessive skin cell accumulation that, when mixed with sebum and trapped bacteria, forms a blockage in hair follicles, resulting in acne lesions.
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If a large amount of lactate is being produced, what is the best conclusion that you can make about the rate (how fast) and amount (magnitude) of energy needed
Lactate production increase when the energy (ATP) needed is high but oxygen levels are low. To fulfill this demand, the rate of lactic acid metabolism must be increased as well.
Lactic acid metabolismLactate as waste is the product of fermentation or anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration is categorized into alcoholic metabolism and lactic acid metabolism.
Lactic acid metabolism itself is the metabolic process that produces a little energy. In this metabolism, besides yield 2 ATP also produces lactate per glucose. The process happens in muscle cells as not being supplied with enough oxygen. Times when our body's oxygen level might drop is during intense exercise, whereas, at this condition the demand for ATP is increased.
Thus, to fulfill a lot of energy (ATP) needed, particularly as exercising, the rate of lactic acid metabolism must do faster although it could cause lactate production will also increase.
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How can you know for sure that individuals II 3 and II 4 are heterozygous?
Although individuals II 3 and II 4 are unharmed, they must since their children are afflicted. Both are heterozygous since they have the disorder's allele.
Each gene has two alleles, or variations, in each of us. When two identical copies of a gene are present, you are said to be homozygous for that gene.In contrast, a genotype with heterozygosity has different alleles. Everyone who possesses a recessive trait, such as red hair or blue eyes, is homozygous for that gene.
If the two versions of the gene are different from one another, you have a heterozygous genotype. For instance, having one gene for red hair and one allele for brown hair could indicate that you are heterozygous for hair colour. Which qualities are expressed depends on how the two alleles are related.
Complete question:
How can you know for sure that individuals II 3 and II 4 are heterozygous?
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After a cell was treated with a certain chemical, the ribosomes stopped functioning. Which cell activity was immediately affected by this change in ribosome function
The ribosomes ceased working when a cell was exposed to a certain substance. Protein synthesis is the first cell activity influenced by this alteration in ribosome function.
As a result, B is the right answer.
Cells are the fundamental structural components of all living things. Ribosomes are specialized structures found inside cells that manufacture proteins. A eukaryotic cell's protein production is comprised of two processes: transcription and translation.
The transcription process occurs in the nucleus, where information from a DNA strand is transcribed into a single-stranded messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule by the RNA polymerase enzyme.
During the termination of transcription, the completed mRNA strand detaches from DNA, exits the nucleus, and enters a cytoplasmic ribosome. Translation happens at the ribosome, where the genetic code in mRNA is read and protein is made.
Cells require these proteins to accomplish vital processes such as mending cellular damage, maintaining cellular structure, producing hormones, and dividing cells.
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Full Question ;
After a cell was treated with a certain chemical, the
ribosomes stopped functioning. Which cell activity was
immediately affected by this change in ribosome function?
A) intracellular transport
B) protein synthesis
C) aerobic respiration
D) excretion of metabolic wastes
During cellular respiration which of the following is equal to the number of atoms in carbon and glucose
Answer:
Total number of oxygen atoms in carbon dioxide and water.
During cellular respiration, the total number of oxygen atoms in carbon dioxide and water is equal to the total number of oxygen atoms in glucose and oxygen gas.
Cellular respiration is the process by which food substances such as glucose are broken down to yield energy in the form of ATP. This energy is in turn stored or used by the cells to drive cellular process such as transport.
Cellular respiration occurs in three phases namely; glycolysis, kreb's cycle and electron transport chain.
The process uses glucose and oxygen as the reactants to yield energy, and carbon dioxide an water as byproducts.
The equation for the process is;
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
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Explanation:
if someone made a scale model, and they hade 1 cm for every 100,000 kilometers how many centimeters would 58 million kilometers be?
The statistic must typically be multiplied by a constant scale factor in order to be a reliable estimate of the scale parameter. This scale factor is defined as the theoretical value of the result of dividing the necessary scale parameter by the statistic's asymptotic value.
What are the parameter for scale model?A map's scale may be depicted graphically (a graphic scale), but it is typically expressed as a ratio or fraction, such as 1/10,000 or 1:10,000. With these “representative fraction” scales, one inch or one centimetre on the map corresponds to 10,000 of the same units on the ground.
Therefore, We are all aware that 1 centimetre is equivalent to 1/100000 kilometres. Hence, 1 cm = 0.00001 km As a result, multiply the number of cm by 0.00001 to convert from cm to km. In other words, multiply the cm value by 100,000 to get the km value.
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Which substances are neuropeptides that inhibit pain impulse transmission in the brain and spinal cord
The most important of them is beta-endorphin, which, in addition to significantly lowering pain (its analgesic potency is many times that of morphine), is the opioid peptide that induces the most pleasure.
GABA, a neurotransmitter, also plays a role in central pain regulation by enhancing descending inhibition of spinal nociceptive neurons.
Neuropeptides are a broad category of chemically unique compounds that are found in and emitted by various sensory neurons. They play a role in the development, transmission, modulation, and perception of all forms of pain (physiological, neuropathic and inflammatory).
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a pain modulator that is generated in the brain. NPY receptors are found in the trigeminal ganglia and the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, implying an involvement in pain.
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As countries run out of their own fossil fuel reserves, they will have to purchase and export fossil fuels from other countries. Why is this an unlikely scenario?
O Countries that need more fuel don't export it.
O Countries don't need to purchase fossil fuels
O Countries will not run out of fossil fuels.
O Countries don't export fossil fuels.
Countries don't export fossil fuels. This is an unlikely scenario because most countries use their own fossil fuel reserves rather than exporting them.
What is fossil fuels?Fossil fuels are organic substances sourced from ancient remains of plants and animals that have been transformed over millions of years by the process of heat and pressure. Common examples are coal, oil, and natural gas, which are primarily used to generate electricity, heat homes, and power vehicles. Fossil fuels are non-renewable and are a finite resource, meaning they will eventually be depleted. Burning fossil fuels also releases large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. As a result, many countries are working to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and transition to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower.
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