The gills of fish have a structure known as "countercurrent oxygen exchange" that increases the quantity of oxygen that can be taken up by the blood.
They accomplish this by increasing the amount of time that their blood is in contact with water that has more oxygen while the blood absorbs more oxygen.
The ability to extract a greater amount of the heating fluid's heat is one of the major benefits of counter-current flow. It is significant to notice that at the same terminal temperature, the LMTD value for counter-current flow is significantly higher than for concurrent flow. The streams enter the heat exchanger at the opposing ends in the countercurrent mode.
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Can you help me please for exercise 2.
In the film Alone on Mars, Mark Watney faints in the rocket responsible for bringing him back to the ship
major. His colleague comments: “He has just taken 13 g, give him two minutes”. Before
going on an expedition, astronauts are prepared to undergo strong accelerations, commonly
quantified in g. On Earth, when a rocket "goes up to 1 g", it means that its speed increases by 10
meters per second, in one second.
The positions successively occupied by Mark have been represented. The duration separating
each position is equal to 0.50 seconds.
+M.
1) Calculate the values of the speeds vo
and go.
2) Prove that the variation of the
speed between times t. and t4 is:
AV = VA - VO = 260 m.s-1
3) What is the time interval At
separating position to and tA?
4) The acceleration 'a' is given by the
formula a = :
If, calculate the acceleration of
Mark between the M. and MA positions
Compare this acceleration with the
g-value. The sentence "He has just
take 13 g»>, it seems to you
correct?
Exercise 3: movement of the Moon (5
pt)
The Moon, the only natural satellite of the
Earth, is in orbit around it
for billions of years. Four
times smaller than the Earth, it puts.
The velocity, time and acceleration motion of Mark Watney rocket as he moves from M₀ to M₄ is described as follows;
1) v₀ = initial velocity = u
v₄ = u + 260 m/s
2) Δv = u + 260 m/s - u = 260 m/s
3) Δt = 2 seconds
4) Mark's acceleration is 13·g
What is motion under acceleration?Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Motion under a constant acceleration is one in which the velocity of the object changes as time changes.
The scale of the graph is 5 units = 46 meters
The distance between M₀ and M₄ = 25.5 units
1 unit = 46/5 meters/unit
25.5 units = (46/5) m/unit × 25.5 units = 234.6 meters
The time between M₀ and M₄ = 0.5 s × 4 = 2 s
= 25.5 unit × 0.5 s/unit = 12.75 s
The speed at M₄, v₄ =
The location of M₀ = 0
The location of M₄ =
The values of the speeds are;
The distance be
1) The time at M₀, t₀ = 0
The time at t₄ = 2 s
The speed, v = u + a·t
Where;
u = The initial velocity of the rocket
a = The acceleration = 13·g = 13 × 10 m/s² = 130 m/s²
The speed at v₀ = u + 130 m/s² × 0 s = u
The speed at v₄ = u + 130 m/s² × 2 s = 260 m/s2) The variation of the speed between v₄ and v₀, Δv, is found as follows;
Δv = v₄ - v₀
Therefore;
Δv = 260 m/s - 0 m/s = 260 m/s3) The number of change in position from M₀ to M₄ is found as follows;
M₀ to M₁M₁ to M₂M₂ to M₃M₃ to M₄The number of 0.5 seconds between M₀ and M₄ = 4
The time difference between t₀ and t₄ is therefore;
Δt = t₄ - t₀ = 2 seconds4) The formula for the acceleration is; [tex]a = \dfrac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}[/tex]
Therefore, the acceleration between positions M₀ and M₄ is found as follows;
The speed at M₀ = u
Speed at M₄ = u + 260 m/s
t₄ - t₀ = 2 seconds
[tex]a = \dfrac{u+260 \, m/s - u}{2\, s} = 130\, m/s^2[/tex]
The value of the acceleration due to gravity, g ≈ 10 m/s²
Therefore, a = 13·g
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If we decided to make the length of one day equal to the time that it took the earth to complete a single revolution about its axis, what would change?
Our days would be a little bit shorter, and as a result, the sun would rise and set each day at later and later hours.
How long does it take the Earth to make a full rotation?Another method to determine how long a day is is to time how long it takes a planet to complete one full spin. A sidereal day is what is being described here. On Earth, a sidereal day is almost exactly 23 hours and 56 minutes long. The sidereal day occurs after every 360-degree rotation of the Earth. It takes 23 hours, 56 minutes to do that. When Earth rotates slightly more and the sun is at the same location in the sky as it was 24 hours earlier, the solar day—the one that people count in the calendar—occurs.
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How do you find the acceleration of a marble down a ramp?
The marble accelerates at a constant rate as it moves down the slope because of the constant gravitational force acting on it in a major portion and the rolling tangential force on the object is acting in the smaller form.
Rolling motion of any object occurs when the marble starts sliding in a different methods from the other objects such as when the objects starts to roll from the ramp or any other sloppy surface and it rolls down due to the gravitational force and with many other forces such as the rolling tangential force. many forces are acting on the object at the same moment and we are just seeing the gravitational force which is playing a major portion. Hence by this information we can consider that the ball accelerates at a constant rate as it moves down the slope because of the constant gravitational force acting on it in a major portion and the rolling tangential force on the marble is acting in the smaller form.
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Blocks A and B of masses M and 3M, respectively, are on a horizontal surface of negligible friction. A horizontal force FA is exerted on block A, as shown. If the force exerted by block B on block A has a magnitude F, the magnitude of FA is
a. 1/4 F
b. 3/4 F
c. F
d. 4/3 F
e. 4F
If there is no friction and block B pushes block A with a force of magnitude F, therefore FA will also have a magnitude F, according to Newton's third law of motion.
Newton's Third Law.According to Newton's third law, each force (action) in nature has an opposite and equal response. Whenever object B pulls on object A, item A pulls back on item B with an equal and opposing force.
Given :
Mass of Block A = M
Mass of Block B = 3M
Force exerted on block A is FA
Because both boxes are in contact.
Hence, force exerted by block A on block B is same that is FA
Force exerted by block B on block A has magnitude F (Given)
From Newton's third law of motion, the magnitude of FA is F Newton.
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A single conservative force acting on a particle within a system varies as F=(−Ax+bx2)i^, where A and B are constants, F is in newtons, and x is in meters. (a) Calculate the potential energy function U(x) associated with this force for the system, taking U=0 at x=0. Find (b) the change in potential energy and (c) the change in kinetic energy of the system as the particle moves from x=2.00m to x=3.00m.
(a) The potential energy of the system to the conservative force acting on the particle, with Ui=0:
(b) From (a), U(2.00m)=2A–2.67B, and U(3.00m)=4.5A–9B.
ΔU=(4.5A−9B)−(2A−2.67B)=2.5A−6.33B
(c) For the entire system of which this particle is a member, this work is internal work and equal to the negative of the change in potential energy of the system: ΔK=−ΔU=−2.5A+6.33B.
Define kinetic energy?The ability of kinetic energy to perform work is arguably its most significant quality. Work is defined as a force operating on an object while it is moving. Energy and work are equivalent because of their tight relationship.It is described as the effort required to move a mass-based body from rest to the indicated velocity. The body holds onto the kinetic energy it acquired during its acceleration, unless its speed changes.Thermal energy is also known as heat energy. The power behind motion is known as kinetic energy. Thermal energy is a type of kinetic energy because it is generated by moving particles.To learn more about kinetic energy refer to:
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the planet neptune has an equatorial diameter of 49532 km and its mass is 1.0247 x 10^26 kg. If the plane tis modeled as a homogenous sphere, what is the acceleration due to gravity at its surface
The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Neptune is calculated to be 10.08 m/s².
Here, we can apply the concept of Newton for the definition of the gravity of a planet, for which he defines that this is proportional to the product of the mass of the planet by the universal gravitational constant, and inversely proportional to the square of the radius of the planet. Mathematically this can be described as
g = GM/r²
where,
G is universal gravitational constant
M is the mass of the planet
r is the radius of the planet
Given that,
Mass of the planet M = 1.025 × 10²⁶ kg
Diameter of the planet = 49532 km = 49532 × 10³ m
Radius of the planet = 24766 × 10³ m
After putting the values into the equation above, we have,
g = GM/r² = (6× 10⁻¹¹) (1.025 × 10²⁶)/(24.7 × 10⁶)² = (6.15 × 10¹⁵)/(24.7 × 10⁶)² = 10.08 m/s²
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If an object was accelerating at 10 m/s^2, and a force of 10 newtons was required to accelerate it, what was the object's mass
The required mass of the object with an acceleration of 10 m/s² and a force of 10 newtons to accelerate it is 1 kg.
From Newton's second's law of motion, force is described in equation form as, F = m × a
where, m is mass
a is acceleration
Given that,
Acceleration of an object = 10 m/s²
Force needed to accelerate the object = 10 N
Object's mass = ?
From the above equation, making mass as the subject, we have,
F = m × a
m = F/a = 10/10 = 1 kg
Thus, the required object's mass is calculated to be 1 kg.
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I walked 45 m East then turned to the north and walked 30 m. What was the magnitude of my displacement?
The magnitude displacement vector's magnitude (or length), which is indicated by the arrow's length, measures the separation between the locations.
How can I determine how much movement there is?d = (((x2 - x1)2 + (scaling factor - y1)2)12 represents the displacement's magnitude. The displacement vector's size, or distance d, is its length. The guided line segment connecting P1 and P2 is the displacement vector's (d) direction. We refer to this straight line segment as a geometric or look of the scalar d.
What is a displacement example of what magnitude?When we talk about magnitude, we don't only imply the amount of a displacement; we also imply its orientation just a number with a unit As just an illustration, the professor might repeatedly pace back and forth, possibly
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If a net force of 10 newtons acts on a 6 kilogram mass of 8 seconds, the total change of momentum of the mass is
The total change in momentum of the mass is calculated to be 80.16 kg m/s.
Given that,
Force F = 10 N
Mass m = 6 kg
Time t = 8 sec
"Newton's second law states that F = m a."
Making 'a' as subject,
a = F/m = 10/6 = 1.67 m/s²
From the equations of motion, let us calculate velocity.
v = u + a t
v = 0 + 1.67 × 8 = 13.36 m/s
Δp = m(v - u) = 6 × ( 13.36 - 0) = 80.16 kg m/s
Thus, the change of momentum is 80.16 kg m/s.
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The Endocrine System
The body is made up of several systems of
that work together to
life. The endocrine
system is one of these.
make up most of the
endocrine system, which is found in the entire body, and the
These glands secrete
that regulate
bodily
and reactions. Hormones are
that tell certain
of the body to do
certain things.
for example, tells the body that
there is a need for physical activity, which is why we feel
while running, dancing, or playing sports.
Hormones are substances that communicate with your organs, skin, muscles, and other tissues through your blood to coordinate various bodily functions.
What are the skin's primary purposes?It serves as a sensory organ (touch, temperature detection), aids in temperature control, protects against mechanical, thermal, and physical injury as well as hazardous substances, prevents moisture loss, reduces the harmful effects of UV radiation, has an immune system that can detect diseases, etc.
The six primary functions of the skin are: protection, absorption, excretion, secretion, regulation, and sensation.
Our first line of defence against harmful chemicals, radiation, and poisons is our skin.
The outside world is kept at bay by a skin barrier. is the first line of defence against potentially harmful microbes.
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The earth completes a circular orbit around the sun in one year. The orbit has a radius of 93,000,000 miles. What is the speed of the earth around the sun in m/s?
Report your result using scientific notation and the correct significant figures.
—x10–m/s
In a year, the earth revolves around the sun once in a circular motion. Therefore, the earth will orbit the sun at a 2.95 m/s speed.
Planets in our solar system did not appear out of thin air. Neither did the sun. They were all a part of a large cloud of gas and dust. Gravity accumulated a lot of material in the center to form the sun. As it spun around the forming sun, the extra matter clashed and gathered together. Some would be capable of attracting more gas and dust, eventually forming planets, because to their powerful gravitational forces.
The answer to the query is
v = 2πR / T
2R equals 6.28 * 9.3 * 107 miles.
T = 24 * 3600 * 365 = 3.15 × 10⁷ sec
v = 9.3 / 3.15 = 2.95 m/s.
Hence, the earth's speed of the earth around the sun will be 2.95 m/s.
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Which graph shows the change in velocity of an object in free fall?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Free fall -> constant acceleration of g = 9.81ms-1
Constant acceleration -> velocity increases at a constant rate (increases proportionally with time)
Math behind it:
* Velocity is the integration of acceleration, likewise acceleration is the differentiation of velocity. Integrating a constant value gives linearly increasing function in terms of x. (integrating with respect to x)
Hence, graph B shows the trend that velocity increases at a constant rate.
Graph A - Velocity decreases linearly
Graph C - Also decreases nonlinearly
Graph D - Not possible scenario. Velocity approaches infinity.
Deviance has an effect on social power. How is this BEST demonstrated?
A. Powerful people in society keep their power by defining the laws of deviant behavior.
B. People with little power perform more questionable acts with fewer consequences than the more powerful people.
C. All groups that follow cultural norms tend to have a large amount of social power in society.
D. Someone who doesn't follow norms in a society always gains power because other people will rebel with them.
Deviance has an effect on social power. Then, Powerful people in society keep their power by defining the laws of deviant .
Forms of Deviant Behavior Deviant Behavior Based on NatureBased on the nature is divided into two kinds, namely negative behavior and positive behavior.
a. Positive deviant behavior
Positive behavior is deviant behavior that gives or has a positive impact on social life, because it has innovative elements and ideas that emerge are also creative, so as to enrich people's insights.
Positive behavior is also directed primarily at the values to be achieved together as well as social interests and is often considered as something ideal in society. Positive behavior will usually be accepted by society, because it is a form of development and adjustment to the times.
b. Negative deviant behavior
Negative behavior is the opposite of positive behavior.
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Answer:
a
Explanation:
1 pts What is the work required to raise a 25.0 kg object from the surface of the Earth to a height of 3.33 m
The work required to raise a 25.0 kg object from the surface of the earth to a height of 3.33 m
Formula: F = 25.0, D = 3.33, and W =?
W = F x D
Putting values together equals 25.0 x 3.33 W = 83.25 j.
Work = force times distance, or W = Fd.
F = W/d for force
Distance: W/F = d
W = work, F = force, and D = distance.
The integral of such a force applied over a displacement distance is referred to as "work." When one engages in work, they are doing something that requires them to use their strength or force.
When energy is transferred to an item, it is considered to have undergone work in science.
The integral of such a force applied over a displacement distance is referred to as work. When one engages in work, they are doing something that requires them to use their strength or force.
When energy is transferred to an item, it is considered to have undergone work in science.
The physics formula for work
The physics equation or formula is:
W = Fd
Work (force times distance)
For force, F = W/d.
Distance: W/F = d
The scalar dot product of force and displacement also yields work.
FDCos = W
Work-related SI unit :
Joule is the SI unit of work (J). The work performed by a force of one newton operating over a distance of one meter is defined as one joule in this context. kgm2s-2 is the SI base unit of work.
Work can be defined as the quantity of energy that a force transfers. Calculate work Another name for physics is the joule calculator. Work is represented by the letter "W."
Work is defined as a motion that is caused by a resisting force and is quantified by the force's product into the motion component that is resolved in the force's direction. The size of it is ML2T-2.
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a large platform is initially at rest on a smooth surface. A dog on the platform starts running toward the east. The mass of the dog is one-half the mass of the platform. When the dog moves toward the east with a speed of v0, the platform moves toward the ____ with a speed _____.
Platform moves towards to west with a speed of v0/2 when the dog moves towards to east at a speed of v0, in accordance with the rule of conservation of momentum.
What is the straightforward meaning of speed?The speed at which an object's location changes in any direction. The distance travelled to the time needed to travel that distance is known as speed. Since speed only has a magnitude and no direction, it is a scalar quantity.
Is speed affected by acceleration?Acceleration is the method of changing a speed with which an object moves. If a substance's velocity does not change, it is not accelerating. Acceleration is a vector quantity.
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A 2.00-kilogram object weighs 19.6 newtons on Earth. If the acceleration due to gravity on Mars is 3.7 1 m/s^2, what is the object's mass on Mars
The 2.00-kilogram object weighs 19.6 newtons on Earth, its weight on the Mars is 2.00 kg.
The mass is known as the amount of matter which is contained in a body. It is a property which is consistent in a body regardless of the body's current location, gravitational pull and various other factors which exist.
Mass and weight are two separate quantities. Weight is computed as a product of mass and acceleration. Mass has a property to remain constant and it means that whether the object is on any planet, irrespective of that, it will be constant. The mass remains the same that is 2.00 kg.
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A ramp is 12 meters long and I need to use it to raise up a box 4 meters. The box weighs 200 newtons. How much force are you going to need to exert to get the box up the ramp
The force required to raise the box up the ramp when the ramp is 12 meters long, the box is 4 meters and the box weighs 200 newtons is 653.33 N (7840/12)
How do you determine the force required to raise the box up the ramp?To determine the force required to raise the box up the ramp, we can use the work-energy principle.
Work = Change in PE
W = PEf - PEi
where
W = work done (Joules)
PEf = final gravitational potential energy (Joules)
PEi = initial gravitational potential energy (Joules)
The gravitational potential energy of an object is given by the formula:
PE = mgh
where
m = mass of the object (200 N)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2)
h = height (4 meters)
We can find the change in potential energy as follows:
PEf = mgh = 200 x 9.8 x 4 = 7840 J
PEi = mgh = 200 x 9.8 x 0 = 0 J
So, the change in potential energy is 7840 J.
Now we can calculate the work done as:
W = PEf - PEi = 7840 - 0 = 7840 J
The work done is equal to the force exerted on the object multiplied by the distance it is moved:
W = F x d
7840 = F x 12
So, the force required to raise the box up the ramp is 653.33 N (7840/12)
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Is torque R * F or F * R?
Answer:
R*F
Explanation:
Explain why a fish under water appears to be at a diffrent depth below the surface than it actually is does it appear deeper or shallower
A fish under water appears to be at a different depth than it actually is due to the refraction of light as it passes through the water.
When light travels through a medium with a different index of refraction, such as air to water, it bends, or refracts. This causes objects to appear displaced, or closer or farther away than they actually are. Because water has a higher refractive index than air, light bends more when it enters the water, causing objects, like fish, to appear closer to the surface than they actually are.
The result is that the fish will appear to be deeper in the water than it actually is.
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A rectangular tank 6 m long, 2 m deep and 2. 4 m wide contains 1 m of water. The tank is accelerated in the x-direction (along the direction of the 6 m length) with an acceleration 2. 45 m/s^22. 45m/s 2. What is the angle (in degrees) of the water surface with the horizontal
The angle (in degrees) of the water surface with the horizontal is 14.3 degrees
The angle of the water surface with the horizontal can be determined using the concept of the accelerations of gravity and centripetal force. The acceleration of gravity acts in the downward direction, and the centripetal force acts in the opposite direction of the acceleration. In this case, the horizontal acceleration of the tank is 2.45 m/s^2, which acts in the opposite direction of the gravitational acceleration.
The angle of the water surface with the horizontal can be found by taking the tangent of the ratio of the centripetal acceleration to the gravitational acceleration.
tan(theta) = (centripetal acceleration) / (gravitational acceleration)
tan(theta) = (2.45 m/s^2) / (9.8 m/s^2) = 0.25
Theta = 14.3 degrees
So the angle of the water surface with the horizontal is 14.3 degrees.
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________ are designed to smother a small fire and are very useful in putting out a fire on a person.
An extinguishing agent, including such water or chemicals, is stored in a fire extinguisher. It is not intended to put out a large fire, only a small one.
How do fire extinguishers function?To burn, fire needs fuel, heat, and oxygen. In order to stop a fire from spreading, fire extinguishers use a substance to reduce the heat of the flames, smother the fuel, or cut off the oxygen supply. If used by a trained person, a portable fire extinguisher can quickly put out a small fire.
Why is the red fire extinguisher?First off, red is the color linked to both danger and fire, making fire extinguishers an obvious association. Second, red is the color that is easiest to see, particularly in darker settings like a smoke-filled
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There is no limit to the mass with which a star can be born.
True
false
The statement is False, there is no limit to the mass with which a star can be born.
A star is a celestial body comprised of a mass of gas, primarily hydrogen and helium, that gives off heat and light through nuclear fusion reactions in its core. Stars are the most widely recognized astronomical objects and serve as a fundamental reference point in astronomy. Stars come in a variety of sizes and colors and are classified based on their temperature, size, and luminosity.
There are many different types of stars, including main-sequence stars, red giants, white dwarfs, and neutron stars. Stars are formed when large clouds of gas and dust collapse under the force of gravity, causing the material to heat up and form a protostar. Over time, the protostar becomes hot enough to trigger nuclear fusion reactions, and it is at this point that the star becomes visible to observers on Earth. Stars eventually die out, either exploding as supernovae or fading away as white dwarfs. Starlight is the source of illumination for our night sky, and the beauty of stars has captivated humans since the dawn of time.
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What measure do we use to determine the amount of potential energy in a battery?
The amount of energy stored in a battery is measured in watt-hours (Wh), kilowatt-hours (kWh), or ampere-hours (Ah) (Ahr).
What is the potential energy means?Potential energy is stored energy that is affected by the relative position of various components of a system. When a spring is squeezed or extended, its potential energy increases. A steel ball has higher potential energy when lifted above ground than when it falls to Earth.
What is the potential energy means?Because every item moved from its resting posture has stored energy, it is referred to as potential energy because it has the ability to accomplish work when released.
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Ginger was caring for her litter of puppies when the four curious pups spotted cat for the first time. Each of the four pups leaned their full of force in the board balanced between the puppies and the cat. How much force must Ginger apply to the other side to keep the puppies from knocking down the board? A. 8 N
B. 16 N
C. 32 N
On prevent the puppies from tearing down the board, Ginger must apply 32 N of force to the opposite side.
What is the value of total force?The total force acting on the system is equal to the acceleration of the center of mass times the system's total mass. When applied to an extended object, Newton's second law, F = ma, predicts the motion of a specific reference point for this object.
How much force is acting on an object overall?The vector sum of all forces acting on an object is known as the net force. In other words, the net force is the sum of all the forces, taking into mind that a force is a vector and that two forces that have the same magnitude but facing the opposite direction will cancel each other out.
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When you wear a backpack, your center of gravity shifts in which direction? A. up. B. back. C. forward. D. up and back
When we wear the backpack, the center of gravity will go to the back and up direction.
A location established in relation to an object or set of objects is the center of mass. It represents the system's average location as weighted by each component's mass. The center of gravity for straightforward stiff objects with homogeneous density is found at the centroid.
Because the center of mass of any body is situated where the majority of the body mass is concentrated, when we wear a backpack, the center of mass shifts toward the up and back.
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A 5mL tank of Carbon dioxide i tored at a preure of 30mmHg. It i moved to an altitude with a preure of 28mmHg. What will the new volume of Carbon dioxide be?
The new volume of Carbon dioxide be 5.36 mL.
What happened to the amount of gas in the syringe as you raised the plunger?Boyle's Law can also be used to explain how a syringe operates. A syringe's plunger being drawn out causes the volume inside the barrel to expand, which lowers the pressure inside the barrel.
Describe Boyle's Law.According to Boyle's Law, P1V1=P2V2 while the temperature is constant. In accordance with Boyle's Law, pressure and volume are inversely linked. In other words, volume decreases as pressure rises (and vice versa).
Given:
Volume (V1) =5ml
Pressure (P1) = 30 mmHg
Pressure (P2) =28 mmHg
Volume (V2) = ?
From Boyle's Law,
[tex]P_1V_1=P_2V_2[/tex]
[tex]30*5=28*V_2[/tex]
[tex]V_2=\frac{30*5}{28}[/tex]
[tex]V_2= 5.36 ml[/tex]
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What is the difference between dynamic and active stretching?
Stretching that is passive, such as static stretching, is contrasted with active stretching, such as dynamic stretching. It entails motion, putting the muscles and joints through their full range of motion.
Are dynamic active stretches the same?Active stretching – what is it? Active stretching is the process of relaxing and stretching opposing muscles without the use of external pressures, as opposed to dynamic stretching or ballistic stretching. Stretching that is active is not passive.
What are a few instances of stretching actively?In general, an active stretch doesn't require the use of an external force. An illustration would be a side-leaning stretch with the arms overhead. It is not necessary to pull, push, hold, brace, or hold the stretch. Active stretching is a common practice in yoga, as you'll discover.
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Does thermal energy increase or decrease during melting?
Thermal energy increases during melting.
When ice melts during melting, its temperature remains constant until all the ice turns into water. Then, heating of liquid water causes the molecules to vibrate faster and steadily increasing the temperature.
What is thermal energy?Thermal energy refers to the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature. Heat is the flow of thermal energy. A branch of physics, thermodynamics, concerns with how heat is transferred among different systems.
An example of thermal energy is boiling water on a stove. When boiling water, thermal energy is produced when the atoms and molecules in a substance vibrate faster because of raising in temperature.
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Sputnik I was launched into orbit around Earth in 1957. It had a perigee (the closest approach to Earth, measured from Earth's center) of 6.41 x 10^6 m and an apogee (the furthest point from Earth's center) of 7.13 x 10^6 m. What was its speed when it was at its perigee
In 1957, Sputnik I was propelled into orbit around the planet. Its speed when it was at its perigee was was approximately 7.935 x 10^3 m/s.
The speed of an object in orbit around Earth can be calculated using the vis-viva equation:
v = sqrt(GM/(r))
where v is the velocity of the object, G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the Earth, and r is the distance of the object from the center of the Earth.
Given the perigee distance of 6.41 x 10^6 m and the mass of the Earth being 5.972 x 10^24 kg, the velocity of Sputnik I at its perigee would be:
v = sqrt((6.67 x 10^-11 N*(m^2)/(kg^2) * (5.972 x 10^24 kg)) / (6.41 x 10^6 m))
v = 7.935 x 10^3 m/s
So, the speed of Sputnik I when it was at its perigee was approximately 7.935 x 10^3 m/s.
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Definition: This is the rate of distance traveled per unit of time, without regard to direction.
Example: 55 miles per hour on the highway
A visual representation of speed. It can also be used to denote speed. Without taking into account orientation, this is the rate of distance covered in a given amount of time.
What is speed?The speed and direction of a particle's motion are both considered to be the particle's velocity. The distance travelled as well as the direction it is veering.
While velocity refers to both the speed and direction of an object's motion, speed is only the rate at which an object moves along a path over time. In other words, velocity is a vector, but on the other hand speed is a scalar value.
We know that velocity is a vector quantity since it has both a magnitude and a direction. However, speed just has a magnitude and no direction, therefore it.
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