Mendel studied pea plants to discover fundamental principles of genetics that apply to all organisms, including humans, providing insights into inheritance patterns. His work laid the foundation for our understanding of genetics.
Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants (specifically, Pisum sativum) as a model organism for his experiments on inheritance because of several key reasons:
1. Easily observable traits: Pea plants exhibit a wide range of visible and easily distinguishable traits, such as seed color, flower color, seed shape, and plant height. These traits allowed Mendel to perform controlled crosses and accurately track their inheritance patterns.
2. Controlled breeding: Pea plants have both male and female reproductive organs, which enabled Mendel to control their mating and perform controlled crosses between different varieties. This allowed him to ensure the purity of the parental lines and accurately track the inheritance of traits.
3. Rapid reproduction: Pea plants have a relatively short life cycle, producing numerous offspring within a single growing season. This allowed Mendel to conduct multiple generations of crosses and observe inheritance patterns over a relatively short period.
4. Clear-cut inheritance patterns: Pea plants exhibit traits that are governed by single genes and show clear-cut dominant and recessive inheritance patterns. This simplicity allowed Mendel to develop his fundamental principles of inheritance, such as the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment.
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Nador, R.G. et al. Primary effusion lymphoma: a distinct clinicopathologic entity associated with the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus. Blood88, 645-56 (1996). PMID8695812
The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus was identified in a unique and unusual category of AIDS-related lymphomas that generally manifest as lymphomatous effusions with no apparent tumor tissues.
Description of the Statement-
KSHV is consistently present in these body cavity-based lymphomas, and several other characteristics make them stand out. To test this theory, 19 malignant lymphomatous effusions that did not contain a contiguous tumor mass were examined for their symptomatic, cytologic, immunophenotypic, infectious, and molecular features. KSHV was found in 15 of the 19 lymphomas. The c-myc gene rearrangements and Burkitt-like morphology among all 4 KSHV-negative lymphomatous effusions suggested that these were Burkitt-type lymphomas developing in the bodily cavities.Furthermore, these lymphomas developed in men, usually but not always in connection with HIV infection, and homosexual behavior was a risk factor.Learn more about lymphomas here:
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Unlike other saturated fatty acids, the specific types of saturated fatty acids in coconut oil may _______ blood levels of hdl cholesterol.
Unlike other saturated fatty acids, the specific types of saturated fatty acids in coconut oil may increase blood levels of HDL cholesterol.
What is saturated fatty acids?Fatty acids are found in many plants and animals and they abound as part of out diet such as in butter fat, meat fat etc. These are the fatty acids that are composed only of a long chain of carbon atoms that do not contain multiple bonds.
We can classify fatty acids as saturated or unsaturated based on the presence or the absence of the multiple carbon bonds on the molecular structure of the compound.
Hence, unlike other saturated fatty acids, the specific types of saturated fatty acids in coconut oil may increase blood levels of HDL cholesterol.
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Misha often experiences severe swelling and joint pain in her fingers and wrists each morning. this pattern of symptoms is most likely due to:______
Misha often experiences severe swelling and joint pain in her fingers and wrists each morning. This pattern of symptoms is most likely due to Rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder and inflammatory condition in which your immune system unintentionally assaults healthy cells in your body, leading to painful swelling(inflammation) in the areas of your body affected. It primarily targets joints, typically several joints at once. Hand, fingers, wrist, and knee joints are frequently impacted. Joint tissue is harmed in a Rheumatoid arthritis-affected joint because of the inflammation of the joint lining resulting in Long-lasting or persistent pain.
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What types of cells are the primary targets of the healthy immune system? select all that apply.
Infectious, foreign, or cancerous cells are the primary targets of a healthy immune system.
White blood cells also known as leukocytes, play a vital role in the immune system. Immune cells are developed from stem cells in the bone marrow and can be divided into different types. Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes all are types of white blood cells.
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!! What is labeled "A" on the chart?
Answer:
can you put the chart
Explanation:
not enough information
The most common reportable disease in the united states is:_______
a. cystitis.
b. lymphogranuloma venereum.
c. gonorrhea.
d. syphilis.
e. candidiasis.
Gonorrhea is a sex-transmitted disease caused by a bacteria that equally infects men and women. Option C.The most common reportable disease in the United States is gonorrhea.
What is gonorrhea?Gonorrhea is transmitted by sexual contact. The disease equally affects men and women, who may or may not experience symptoms. This is a very common affection that affects mostly people between 15 and 25 years old.
More than a million cases of Gonorrhea per year are reported in the United States. Because of the high incidence of the disease, especially in young people, health workers must inform the State Board of Health about all Gonorrhea cases.
The correct option is C. The most common reportable disease in the united states is:_gonorrhea_
Due to technical problems, you will find a more detailed explanation in the attached files.
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The musculature includes muscles that move the vertebral column and muscles that move the ribs. lower limb upper limb trunk head and neck
The three muscles which control the vertebral column are the semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores.
However, these muscles helps tp o the vertebral column and also have a role in proprioception and balance.
What are muscles?Muscles can be defined as a band or bundle of fibrous tissue in a human or animal body that has the ability to contract, producing movement in or maintaining the position of parts of the body.
So therefore, the musculature includes muscles that move the vertebral column and muscles that move the ribs, lower limb upper limb trunk head and neck
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Color (black/gray/red) is a ___________ characteristic
Their are three main characteristic is intensity, saturation, and hue .
Red color is motivated by power, black is achromatic color with hue like white gray and white.black is symbol of darkness. Brightly co-loured object is one that reflects and transmits a large portion of light falling on it.
The great amount of light is reflected on white screen while a black screen would not reflects any light. Co-lour also linked with various personality trait , motivation and productivity levels in life. It symbolize life and death , love and evil and happiness and anger.Red color makes you feel passionate and energized.
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Place the following australopithecines in the chronological order in which they likely lived, from oldest to most recent.
Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus garhi, Australopithecus sediba .
What is the oldest australopithecine?Au. anamensis, the earliest Australopithecus species, was found in northern Kenya, close to Lake Turkana, in Kanapoi and Allia Bay. After examining solitary teeth, upper and lower jaws, skull pieces, and tibia bones discovered at the discovery locations, the species was initially described in 1995.At least seven species of australopithecines are now generally recognized, including Australopithecus afarensis.What are the 7 stages of human evolution?The following are the stages of human evolution:
Dryopithecus- These are deemed to be the ancestors of both man and apes.Ramapithecus.Homo Erectus.Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis.Homo Sapiens Sapiens.Learn more about australopithecines
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The fungus ________ can cause a variety of diseases, depending on the condition of the person.
a) sporothrix schenckii
b) amanita phalloides
c) aspergillus gyromitra
d) esculenta mucor
The fungus Aspergillus can cause a variety of diseases, depending on the condition of the person (Option C).
What is Aspergillus?Aspergillus is a type of fungus that grows in different climatic conditions around the world and that is well known because it can survive both in indoors and outdoors environments.
This fungus (Aspergillus) is well known to cause Aspergillosis, which is a disease characterized by distinct symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, fever, and loss of weight.
In conclusion, the fungus Aspergillus can cause a variety of diseases, depending on the condition of the person (Option C).
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What type of trait in mendel's studies could vanish in one generation and reappear in the next generation?
Recessive traits often seem to disappear because two recessive alleles are needed to produce the recessive phenotype. They can skip a generation and then reappear if an individual inherits two copies of the recessive gene. Mendel's experiments revealed that phenotypes could be hidden in one generation, only to reemerge in subsequent generations.
Recessive traits disappear because recessive alleles can hide out in heterozygotes, allowing them to persist in gene pools and natural selection can only see the phenotype, not the genotype. While harmful recessive alleles will be selected against and it's almost impossible for recessive alleles to completely disappear from a gene pool.
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Making a college choice is an example of which kind of genotype-environment effect as proposed by scarr & mccartney?
a. passive
b. evocative
c. active
d. subtractive
Making a college choice is an example of an evocative genotype.
The answer is option B.evocative
Evocative genotype-surroundings correlation refers to how the social environment reacts to individuals primarily based on their inherited traits. as an example, whether one has an extra outgoing or shy temperament will affect how he or she is dealt with by way of others.
Evocative (or reactive) genotype–surroundings correlation refers to the association between an individual's genetically inspired behavior and others' reactions to that behavior.
Active genotype-environment correlation occurs whilst people are searching for out environments that help their genetic dispositions. that is also known as the area of interest selected. For instance, kids who're musically inclined are looking for music instruction and opportunities that facilitate their natural musical capacity.
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The grape-like out-pouchings located at the ends of the respiratory bronchioles are called?
According to the research, the correct option is alveoli, the grape-like out-pouchings located at the ends of the respiratory bronchioles are called alveoli.
What are alveoli?They are the terminal diverticula of the bronchial tree, that is, they are the grape-like out-pouchings located at the ends of the bronchioles, in which gas exchange takes place between the air that was inhaled and the blood.
That is, these are similar to bags, where the body manages to get the oxygen it needs for its operation and through the same opening, the gases enter and leave the pulmonary alveoli.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is alveoli, the grape-like out-pouchings located at the ends of the respiratory bronchioles are called alveoli.
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Why do nonsense mutations tend to impact the final protein product more than missense mutations?
Nonsense mutations tend to impact the final protein product more than missense mutations because they produce shorter proteins due to the precense of the premature stop codon.
What are the types of point mutations?Although, in some cases, mutations make the resulting proteins more efficient, usually, they make them less efficient than they should be.
In those cases in which the mutations turn to be beneficial for the protein function, it is favored by natural selection, and it fixates. This is what leads to evolution.
If the mutation is not favorable, it just gets lost.
When a change occurs in a single base pair, it is known as a point mutation.
Points mutations might be either silent, missense, or nonsense.
In silent mutations, the resulting mRNA codon codes for the same amino acid as the unmutated sequence. However, if the mutation causes the mRNA codon to code for a different amino acid, this mutation is a missense mutation. Finally, if the mutation causes mRNA codon to be a premature stop codon, we are referring to a nonsense mutation.Missense mutations might alter the protein's function or not, depending on the mutation site and on wheather if the mutated amino acid is near or not to the active site. However, the protein length is the same.
Nonsense mutations change the original codon for a premature stop codon that should not be there. Hence, the protein will be shorter and there are higher chances of altering its functions.
Nonsense mutations tend to impact the final protein product more than missense mutations because they produce shorter proteins due to the precense of the premature stop codon.
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what are biomolecules
(*´ω`*)
Explanation:
Definition: A biomolecule is a chemical compound found in living organisms. These include chemicals that are composed of mainly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. Biomolecules are the building blocks of life and perform important functions in living organisms
The biological species concept emphasizes the ability of individuals to ______________.
The biological species concept emphasizes the ability of two individuals to successfully produce viable, fertile offspring.
The Biological Species Concept defines a species taxon as a group of organisms that can successfully interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
According to that concept, a species' integrity is maintained by interbreeding within a species as well as by reproductive barriers between organisms in different species.
The biological species concept (BSC) was designed to aid understanding of biological diversity, particularly the ubiquitous observation that sexually reproducing organisms exist in more or less distinct phenotypic and genetic clusters rather than in a continuum of forms.
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Adenoviral pharyngitis is effectively treated with _________.
i. proteases.
ii. antibiotics.
iii. nucleotide analogs.
iv. none of the choices is correct.
v. lysozyme.
Adenoviral pharyngitis is a viral infection that cannot be effectively treated with none of the choices above (Option iv).
What is a virus infection?Virus infection is a pathologic condition where the trigger of disease is a virus that has humans as suitable hosts.
Adenoviral pharyngitis is a virus infection caused by a virus called Adenovirus, which is capable of infecting humans and different groups of animals.
Adenoviral pharyngitis is a viral disease that can be effectively treated with antiviral drugs.
In conclusion, Adenoviral pharyngitis is a viral infection that cannot be effectively treated with none of the choices above (Option iv).
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what will happen in absence of semilunar valves?
Answer:
The absence of semilunar valves could cause a fetal death or induced abortion.
Explanation:
Severe regurgitation in both great arteries leads to volume overload in both ventricles, which causes fetal hydrops and death.
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What can be known about Mendel's five-part hypothesis?
Answer: It is an answer to a scientific question and is based mostly on his research.
Explanation:
what sends light trough the microscope?
Answer:
The Objective Lens
Explanation:
light light passes through the microscope through the objective lens
Answer:
lamp
Explanation:
lamp - produces the light (Typically, lamps are tungsten-filament light bulbs. For specialized applications, mercury or xenon lamps may be used to produce ultraviolet light. Some microscopes even use lasers to scan the specimen.)
The average person in the united states generates how many pounds of municipal solid waste each day?
Municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in 2018 totalled 292.4 million short tonnes or 4.9 pounds per person daily in US.
According to the EPA, trash, also known as municipal solid waste, is everything that customers discard after using it. These include corrugated boxes and bottles, food, furniture, grass cuttings, computers, tyres, and refrigerators. However, MSW does not incorporate all wastes that might be disposed of locally, including non-hazardous industrial wastes, municipal wastewater sludge, and construction and demolition (C&D) waste debris. EPA has recently begun to include estimates of C&D generation and management as a separate non-hazardous waste stream.
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Animals that lie in cold climates tend to have higher proportions of __________ fatty acid residues in their lipids than do animals that live in warm climates.
Answer: polyunsaturated fatty acid residues
Explanation: Unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point so arctic animals have these fatty acids in their membranes.
The bacteria, Angelinus ballerinea secretes a compound that inhibits the growth of other Gram-positive bacteria. Scientists take this compound and add chemical groups to it to make it more stable for use in humans to treat bacterial infections. This is an example of a(n)
The bacteria, Angelinus ballerinea secretes a compound that inhibits the growth of other Gram-positive bacteria. Scientists take this compound and add chemical groups to it to make it more stable for use in humans to treat bacterial infections. This is an example of antibiotic.
What is antibiotic?Antibiotics from the key class of glycopeptides can stop this process. Through five H-bonds, these antibiotics bind to the C-terminal d-Ala-d-Ala of the murein precursor, lipid II, and immature peptidoglycan, preventing transglycosylation and/or transpeptidation during the production of the cell wall.Contrarily, antibiotics have easier access to the thick, porous peptidoglycan layer in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria, allowing them to more easily enter the cell and/or interact with the peptidoglycan itself.The two main antibiotics that prevent the synthesis of bacterial cell walls are penicillins and cephalosporins.Penicillin is one of many antibiotics that assault the bacterial cell wall in order to operate. The medications specifically stop the bacteria from producing peptidoglycan, a chemical that gives the cell wall the toughness it needs to live in the human body.
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Two organisms of different species mate and produce offspring that cannot mate with its siblings or with members of either parental species. This is an example of __________.
Two organisms of different species mate and produce offspring that cannot mate with its siblings or with members of either parental species. This is an example of hybrid infertility.
Hybridization is the technique used to combine two distinct hereditary, which might cooperate in a dissonant way. This sort would be supposed frequently prompt to awful outcomes. The combination in a single organic entity of two genomes that are independently useful will mostly bring about adverse interaction on the grounds that every one of the genes in a single genome should be viable with every one of the genes in the other.
Hybrid infertility and sterility, on the whole known as half-breed incongruence, can diminish the exchange of hereditary variations between species. In this way, hybrid infertility can be significant during the process of speciation by acting as a reproductive inhibitor.
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In a hardy-weinberg population with two alleles, a and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of the allele a is 0. 3. What is the frequency of individuals that are homozygous for this allele?.
Here, given-
homozygous alleles 'a' have a frequency of 0.3.
Also the alleles are in equilibrium in a Hardy-Weinberg population. The frequency of individuals that are homozygous for this allele are= 0.49.
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be defined as the principle which states that the variation in the genetic makeup of a population remains constant and unchanged till there are no external interferences, influencing the population.
Calculation-
[tex]p + q= 1\\0.3 + q= 1\\q= 1- 0.3\\q= 0.7\\[/tex]
Then to find the frequency of the individuals homozygous for this allele the following formula needs to be used-
[tex]p^{2} + 2pq + q^{2} = 1\\Here,\\p^{2}= dominant homozygous frequency\\2pq= heterozygous frequency\\q^{2}= recessive homozygous frequency\\[/tex]
Thus, the individuals homozygous for the allele can be calculated by-
[tex]q^{2} = (0.7)^{2} \\q^{2}= 0.49[/tex]
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When any of your body cells becomes infected with a pathogen, to what protein do the foreign peptides become attached that initiates the immune response
Interferons
Virally infected cells produce and release small proteins called interferons, which play a role in immune protection against viruses.
What are Interferons ?Interferons prevent replication of viruses, by directly interfering with their ability to replicate within an infected cell.
They also act as signalling molecules that allow infected cells to warn nearby cells of a viral presence – this signal makes neighbouring cells increase the numbers of MHC class I molecules upon their surfacesSo that T cells surveying the area can identify and eliminate the viral infection.Learn more about Interferons here:
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The correct sequence for the phases of the human cell cycle, starting with a newly divided cell, is?
Starting with a newly divided cell, the correct sequence for the human cell cycle phases are interphase followed by mitosis and then cytokinesis.
Interphase of the cell cycle does not involve any cell division. It is a period of growth and replication of the nuclear DNA. The cell prepares for the division in this stage. Interphase is further divided into the G1, S and G2 phases. Mitosis is the next phase of the cell cycle which involves the division of the cell in order to form daughter cells. Mitosis is further divided into the prophase, metaphase, anaphase and the telophase. Cytokinesis marks the end of the mitosis and this is where the cell actually separates to produce two daughter cells.
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Do you think the responses from the Sympathetic Nervous System, or the Parasympathetic Nervous System, have had a greater influence on human evolution
What is human nervous system?
The human nervous system is divided into two parts,1. The Central Neural System(CNS)
2. The Peripheral Neural System(PNS)
The CNS includes the brain and the spinal cord and is the site ofinformation processing and control. The PNS comprises of all the nerves of the body associated with the CNS i.e., brain and spinal cord.The nerve fibres of the PNS are of two types :1. Afferent fibres
2. Efferent fibres
The PNS is divided into two divisions called;a. Somatic neural system
b. Autonomic neural system
The somatic neural system relays impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles while the autonomic neural system transmits impulses from the CNS to the involuntary organs and smooth muscles of the body. The autonomic neural system is further classified as;(i) Sympathetic neural system
(ii) Parasympathetic neural system
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Which of the following statements is correct with respect to the use of oxidized sulfate by some bacterial groups
All of the above.
What are sulfur oxidizing bacteria?Any of a wide range of microorganisms that can metabolize sulfur and its components and are significant in nature's sulfur cycle are known as sulfur bacteria. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur, and thiosulfate are a few of the typical sulfur compounds that are used by these bacteria as a source of energy. Sulfate is the end result of the oxidation of sulfur.
In deep earth deposits, Thiobacillus, which is common in both marine and terrestrial settings, produces sulfuric acid, which dissolves metals in mines but also corrodes concrete and steel. It also oxidizes sulfur, generating sulfates that are helpful to plants.
I understand the question you are looking for is this:
In seawater, sulfate is the most common anion after chloride. Which of the following is correct with respect to the use of sulfate by some bacterial groups?
Oxidized sulfur-containing molecules have redox potentials lower than those of the nitrogen series.Oxidized sulfur molecules such as sulfate and sulfite serve as electron acceptors.Sulfate and sulfite can receive electrons from hydrocarbons.Sulfate-reducing archaea and bacteria are widespread in the ocean.All of the above.Learn more about sulfur bacteria here:
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Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea Group of answer choices Are prokaryotic. Reproduce by binary fission. Lack peptidoglycan. Lack nuclei. Use organic compounds for food.
Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea lack peptidoglycan.
What about archaea and bacteria?Although archaea lack internal membranes, they do have a cell wall and swim by using flagella. The difference between bacteria and archaea is that bacteria have an ester-linked cell membrane, while archaea have an ether-linked cell membrane.Organelles and other internal membrane-bound structures are not present in the cells of bacteria and archaea. In contrast to eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea do not have a nucleus that separates their genetic material from the rest of the cell.Similar to Eubacteria, Archaea have a polysaccharide and glycoconjugate-rich cell wall. The strong cell borders that archaea form despite not having peptidoglycan make them resistant to high internal osmotic pressure.
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