Helium: The new volume of the balloon is 0.6182 L.
Colorless, odourless , tasteless, inert, non-toxic helium is a monatomic gas. It is the lightest element in the periodic table and the second most abundant element in the universe.
The new volume of the balloon can be calculated using the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the n represents the number cubic moles of gas, V represents the volume, R is the real gases constant, and the temperature is T.
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of helium in the balloon after the additional 0.670 grams have been added:
n = 0.670 g He/4.003 g/mol = 0.167 mol
The total number of moles in the balloon is now 0.267 mol. We can use the ideal gas law to calculate the new volume:
V = (0.267 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/K·mol)(273 K)/1 atm = 0.6182 L
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When bonding, atoms seek to achieve a stable-
A.
noble gas configuration.
B.
halogen gas configuration.
C.
low ionization energy configuration.
D.
high electronegativity configuration
When bonding, atoms try to achieve a stable noble gas configuration.
Atoms are always trying to achieve stability. In the modern periodic table, noble gases present in the group 18 are the most stable. They have a completely filled outermost or the valence shell, that is, it contains 8 valence electrons in its valence shell.
Due to this stable electronic configuration, they are inert in nature, that is, they do not have a tendency to react by sharing or losing their electrons. When participating in a bonding, atoms try to lose or gain electrons to reach their nearest noble gas configuration and attain stability.
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What is metallurgy ?
Answer:
according to the Oxford dictionary, metallurgy the branch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification
Explanation:
Explanation:
The entire scientific and technological process used for isolation of the metal from its ores is known as metallurgy.
Hey stan.
Hope it's help ^_^
statement about isomers is true?
Isomers contain the same number of electrons and neutrons, but different numbers of protons.
Isomers contain the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.
Isomers have the same chemical formula, but different structures.
Isomers have the same formula weight, but different nuclear distributions.
Statement about isomers which is true is that isomers have the same chemical formula, but different structures.
What is chemical formula?Chemical formula is a way of representing the number of atoms present in a compound or molecule.It is written with the help of symbols of elements. It also makes use of brackets and subscripts.
It is not the same as structural formula and does not have any information regarding structure.It does not provide any information regarding structure of molecule as obtained in structural formula.
There are four types of chemical formula:
1)empirical formula
2) structural formula
3)condensed formula
4)molecular formula
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Into how many peaks would you expect the 1H NMR signals of the indicated protons to be split? (Assume all coupling constants are equal. )
The 1H NMR signals of the indicated protons would be split into three peaks.
What are Protons?
Protons are subatomic particles that are present in the nucleus of an atom. They have a positive electric charge and are one of the three main components of an atom, along with electrons and neutrons. Protons are the heaviest of the three particles and make up a large portion of an atom's mass. The number of protons in an atom is known as its atomic number and is what determines an element's chemical behavior and properties.
The split happens because each proton is coupled to two other protons, and each proton is affected by the other two, resulting in a triplet.
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Consider the reaction.
NH4HS(s)⇌NH3(g)+H2S(g)
At a certain temperature, Kc=8.5×10−3. In a reaction mixture at this temperature containing solid NH4HS, [NH3]=0.166 M and [H2S]=0.166 M. Will more of the solid form or will some of the existing solid decompose as equilibrium is reached?
In the reaction, NH4HS(s)⇌NH3(g)+H2S(g), more of the solid will form.
What is equilibrium?In a chemical reaction, equilibrium is the state where both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so there is also no observable change in the properties of the system. This state results when forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as reverse reaction.
If Q= K then equilibrium
Q>k, then reversed direction shift
Q<k, then forward direction shift
Given, Kc=8.5×10−3
Given [NH3]=0.166 and M [H2S]=0.166 M
Here Q= 0.166 M (given)
It shows Q> k that is 0.166 > 8.5×10−3
Therefore, more of the solid will form.
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What do Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine have in common, with regards to their electronegativity and position in the periodic table
The elements that are nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine all of them exist as diatomic gases at room temperature.
There are total seven diatomic elements that are written as follows: hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I). The formation of diatomic gases is done by making up two atoms of the same gas. For example, the formula for nitrogen gas is N2, the formula for oxygen gas is O2 and the formula for Fluorine gas is F2. The word diatomic has other synonym which is known as heteronuclear. The position of all these three elements in the periodic table is different so their electronegativities, the only common factor is that they exist as a gas.
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Can you describe , using full sentence , a car trip : o include distance , speed ,velocity and acceleration
Answer: Distance : The length of the space between two points.
Speed:The rate at which someone or something moves or operates or is able to move or operate.
Velocity: Velocity is the directional speed of an object in motion as an indication of its rate of change in position as observed from a particular frame of reference and as measured by a particular standard of time.
Accerelation: Acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity of an object with respect to time. Accelerations are vector quantities. The orientation of an object's acceleration is given by the orientation of the net force acting on that object.
Explanation: Hope it helps!
A 6.25 g sample of magnetite (Fe 3O 4) contains 4.52 g of Fe. What are the percentages of iron and oxygen in magnetite
We used the formula percentage of iron magnetite=(Mass of Fe/Mass of Fe3O4)100%. We then calculated the percentages of iron magnetite (68%) and oxygen magnetite (32%).
Magnetite is a mineral and one of the most important iron ores, with the chemical formula Fe2+Fe3+2O4. It is a ferrimagnetic iron oxide that is attracted to a magnet and can be magnetized to become a permanent magnet. With the exception of extremely rare native iron deposits, it is the most magnetic of all naturally occurring minerals on Earth. Naturally magnetized pieces of magnetite, known as lodestone, will attract small pieces of iron, which is how ancient peoples discovered magnetism.
Magnetite is black or brownish-black with a metallic luster, has a Mohs hardness of 5-6, and leaves a black streak. Magnetite grains are very common in igneous and metamorphic rocks.
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The rate of effusion of a particular gas was measured and found to be 21.0 mL/min. Under the same conditions, the rate of effusion of pure methane (CH4) gas is 47.0 mL/min. What is the molar mass of the unknown gas
the particular gas effusion was 21.0. and the methane effusion rate is 47.0 The molar mass of the unknown gas is approximately 28.6 g/mol
The process through which a gas manages to escape through with a small hole or highly permeable barrier is known as effusion. A gas's rate of effusion is inversely proportional to its molar mass squared. The following equation describes this relationship: rate1 / rate2 = (sqrt(molar mass2) / sqrt(molar mass1)). where rate1 and rate2 are the rates of effusion of the two gases and molar mass1 and molar mass2 are the molar masses of the two gases.Given the rate of effusion of the unknown gas is 21.0 mL/min, and the rate of effusion of pure methane (CH4) is 47.0 mL/min, we can use the above equation to find the molar mass of the unknown gas:
(21.0 mL/min) / (47.0 mL/min) = sqrt(molar mass unknown) / sqrt(16.04 g/mol)
Squaring both sides of the equation, we get:
(21.0 mL/min)^2 / (47.0 mL/min)^2 = (molar mass unknown) / (16.04 g/mol)
Solving for molar mass unknown we get:
molar mass unknown = (16.04 g/mol) * (21.0 mL/min)^2 / (47.0 mL/min)^2
The molar mass of the unknown gas is approximately 28.6 g/mol
Please note that the above calculation is based on the assumption that the temperature and pressure are the same for both gases and that the gases are ideal
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Consider the feedback loop that occurs when you je rk your hand away from something hot. How does this reflex help to maintain homeostasis?
Considering the feedback loop that occurs when you quickly remove your hand away from something hot, this reflex helps to maintain homeostasis by ensuring that the body is free from danger and thus maintains the internal condition of the body.
What is homeostasis?The stable internal, external, and chemical conditions that are maintained by living systems are known as homeostasis. In order for the organism to function at its best, a number of factors, including body temperature and fluid balance, must be maintained within predetermined ranges.
The body's reflexes help to maintain homeostasis in the body such as heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, and digestion.
Some reflexes that maintain homeostasis in the body include:
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What is the mass in grams of 6.02 x10 23 N 2 molecules?
The mass in grams of 6.02×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] N2 molecules is 9.24×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] gram.
This is because each molecule of N2 is composed of two atoms of nitrogen, which each have a mass of 14.0067 grams.
Thus, the total mass of 6.022×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] N2 molecules is calculated by multiplying the number of molecules by the mass of each molecule, which is 28.0134 grams.
14.0067×2=28.013grams
This gives us a total mass of
6.02×1023×28.0134=9.24×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] grams
Molar mass:
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance. It is expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It is calculated by adding up the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule or formula unit of a compound. It is a useful measure when calculating the mass of a substance, or when calculating stoichiometric ratios in a chemical reaction.
Therefore the mass of 6.022×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] N2 molecule is 9.24×[tex]10^{23}[/tex]grams.
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Which equation obeys the law of conservation of mass? h2(g) o2(g) → h2o(g) h2(g) o2(g) → h2o(g) 4he(g) 2h2(g) o2(g) → 2h2o(g) h2(g) → h2o(g) h2(g) o2(g) → 2h2o(g)
2H(g) + [tex]O_{2}[/tex] ⇒ 2H2O This equation obeys the law of conservation of mass.
The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. For example, carbon atoms in coal become carbon dioxide when burned. A carbon atom changes from a solid structure to a gas, but its mass remains the same.
In a chemical reaction, the mass of the chemical components before the reaction equals the mass of the components after the reaction. Therefore, for chemical reactions and low-energy thermodynamic processes in isolated systems, the total mass of reactants or starting materials must equal the mass of the products.
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reasons why large quantities of electricity is used for down's cell
1.High energy demands: Down's cells require a large amount of energy to function effectively. The process of creating and maintaining the cells requires significant energy inputs to power equipment, lighting, heating, and cooling systems.
2.Manufacturing processes: Many of the processes involved in creating and maintaining Down's cells are energy-intensive. This includes cell replication, gene manipulation, and tissue culture.
3.Complex equipment: The equipment required for Down's cell research and production is often complex and requires significant energy inputs to operate. This includes centrifuges, microscopes, and other specialized equipment used in the lab.
4.Climate control: Down's cells must be kept at specific temperatures and humidity levels to maintain their integrity. This requires the use of energy-intensive climate control systems to maintain optimal conditions.
5.Data storage and processing: With the growing amount of data generated by Down's cell research, large quantities of electricity are also needed to store and process the data.
6.Extensive research and development: Down's cells are a relatively new area of research, which means that large amounts of electricity are used to power experimentation and the testing of new techniques and methods.
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What effect will dissolving larger amounts of sugar in a beaker of water have on the concentration and conductivity of the solution
Both concentration and conductivity increase when larger amounts of sugar in a beaker of water dissolves.
The volume of the resulting solution will be larger than one quart if you dissolve a cup of sugar in a quart of water. In comparison to distilled water, the concentration of solutes inside the cell is higher. Most of the time, a particular amount of solvent can only dissolve a specific maximum amount of solute. This maximum amount is specified as the solubility of the solute. Only solutions with charge carriers will be able to conduct electricity. Simply having polar molecules in the solution is insufficient. It must be able to transfer electrons between points with the least amount of interference.
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The empirical formula for the compound having the formula H₂C₂O4 is
C₂O₂H₂
COH
COH ₂
CO₂H
C₂H₂
Answer:
CO₂H
Explanation:
The empirical formula gives the smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
The ratio of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen in H₂C₂O₄ is:
H : C : O
2 : 2 : 4
They have a common factor of 2, so we can divide the atoms of each element by 2:
H : C : O
1 : 1 : 2
This gives us HCO₂ or CO₂H
An ideal ga (which i i a hypothetical ga that conform to the law governing ga behavior) confined to a container with a male piton at the top. (Figure 2) A male wire i attached to the piton. When an external preure of 2. 00 atm i applied to the wire, the ga compree from 6. 40 to 3. 20 L. When the external preure i increaed to 2. 50 atm , the ga further compree from 3. 20 to 2. 56 L. In a eparate experiment with the ame initial condition, a preure of 2. 50 atm wa applied to the ideal ga, decreaing it volume from 6. 40 to 2. 56 L in one tep. If the final temperature wa the ame for both procee, what i the difference between q for the two-tep proce and q for the one-tep proce in joule?
An ideal gas is a gas composed of a large number of identical molecules that obey the ideal gas law.
What do you mean by Gas?
Gas is a state of matter made of atoms and molecules that are not bound together, allowing them to move freely and take the shape and volume of their container. It is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma).
The heat exchanged in a two-step process is given by
q = CpΔT + (P1V1 – P2V2)
where Cp is the specific heat capacity of the gas, ΔT is the change in temperature, P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, and P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume.
For the two-step process,
q = CpΔT + (2.00 atm x 6.40 L – 2.50 atm x 3.20 L)
For the one-step process,
q = CpΔT + (2.50 atm x 6.40 L – 2.50 atm x 2.56 L)
The difference in q for the two-step process and the one-step process is
q2 – q1 = (2.50 atm x 3.20 L – 2.00 atm x 6.40 L)
q2 – q1 = (7.68 L atm – 12.80 L atm)
q2 – q1 = -5.12 L atm
Since 1 L atm = 101.3 J, the difference in q for the two-step process and the one-step process is
q2 – q1 = -5.12 L atm x 101.3 J/L atm
q2 – q1 = -517.4 J.
Hence, the difference is -517.4 J.
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The reaction 2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g)
has the following rate law: Rate = k[O2][NO]2.
the order of [NO] is
The order of [NO] is 2.
The rate law for a chemical reaction is an equation that describes how the rate of the reaction changes with respect to the concentrations of the reactants. In this case, the rate law for the reaction 2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g) is Rate = k[O2][NO]^2.
The order of a reactant in a rate law is determined by the exponent to which its concentration is raised. In this case, the concentration of NO is raised to the power of 2, so the order of [NO] is 2. This means that the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the square of the concentration of NO. Therefore, as the concentration of NO increases, the rate of the reaction will increase at a faster rate.
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Why do different substances have different properties?
Different substances have different properties because of the differences in their atomic and molecular structure, bonding types, and strength of their chemical bonds. These differences can be due to the number of atoms, the arrangement of atoms, and the types of electrons involved in the bonding.
The properties of elements and compounds are determined by the types and arrangements of the atoms that make up the substance. For example, water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have different properties due to their different molecular structures. Water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, while hydrogen peroxide is made up of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. may have different characteristics. The strength of chemical bonds between atoms or molecules can be affected by the number and type of electrons involved in the bond. Because of this, some substances are more stable than others and have higher melting and boiling points.
In addition, some properties are also affected by the physical state of the material, such as solubility, density, and conductivity. These properties are determined by the strength of the intermolecular forces between the particles of the substance.
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What are the two factors that affect the arrangement of particles in a substance?
The two factors that affect the arrangement of particles in a substance are kinetic energies and intermolecular forces.
In chemistry, all the substances are composed of tiny particles which are in constant motion.
The substance which is made up of atoms, ions or molecules, all the particles possess kinetic energy and keep moving in all direction. On the other hand, intermolecular forces are also present in a substance which keeps the particles together within their boundaries and doesn't let them go far away. In this way substances maintain their shape, arrangement and properties.
In sum, two factors play a crucial role in maintaining the properties of a substance: Kinetic energy and intermolecular forces.
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calculate the percent of copper in copper oxide
Answer:
To calculate the percent of copper in copper oxide, you would need to know the mass of copper in the compound and the mass of the compound itself. Once you have this information, you would divide the mass of copper by the mass of the compound and multiply by 100 to express the result as a percentage.
Example:
If the mass of copper in copper oxide is 40 grams and the mass of the compound is 100 grams, the percent of copper in the compound would be:
(40/100) * 100 = 40%
It should be noticed that this is an example, I don't have access to the chemical analysis of your copper oxide.
Explanation:
2. Explain the relationship between the key terms in
each of the following pairs.
a. direct pressure and indirect pressure
b. goal and action plan
If someone who look up to does anything that makes you want to do something, this is known as direct pressure directly from the other person's mouth. The plan you use to accomplish the goal it your activity.
Describe pressure.The Standard unit for pressures seems to be the pascal (Pa), which is equal to one newton / square meter (N/m2) of pressure is defined of surface. An object's pressure is inversely related to its force and proportional to both
Why does pressure exist?Pressure is created by molecules moving quickly and crashing into the container's walls. The quantity and intensity of molecular collisions in a given region determine the pressure there.
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What is the variable in an experiment?
A the glass tubes you use
B the questions you ask
C the thing you want to test
D the part that stays the same
Which of the following is the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous sodium fluoride and hydrochloric acid? (A) NaF (aq) + HCI (aq) → Naci (aq) + HF (aq) (B) Na+ (aq) + F- (aq) + H+ (aq) + CI+ (aq) → Na+ (aq) + Cl - (aq) + HF (aq) (C) Na+ (aq) + CI+ (aq) → NaCl (aq) (D) F- (aq) + H+ (aq) → HF (aq)
The net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous sodium fluoride and hydrochloric acid is B. Na+ (aq) + F- (aq) + H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) → Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) + HF (aq)
This is the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous sodium fluoride and hydrochloric acid. The balanced equation for this reaction is NaF (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) +HF (aq).
The net ionic equation is derived by canceling out the spectator ions, which are ions that don't participate in the chemical reaction. In this case, Na+ and Cl- are spectator ions, which means that they don't participate in the reaction and are present in the same form on both sides of the equation. Therefore, they are cancelled out, leaving the net ionic equation Na+ (aq) + F- (aq) + H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) → Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) + HF (aq).
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Give the ΔH value for the combustion of ethanol as shown in the reaction C2H5OH(g)+3O2(g)⟶Δ2CO2(g)+3H2O(g)+1278 kJ .
Express your answer using four significant figures. If the value is positive, do not include the + sign in your answer.
The value of the ΔH for the reaction is obtained as 1278 kJ .
What is the value of ΔH?We have to note that the enthalpy change of the reaction has to do with the heat that ahs been evolved or absorbed in a reaction. In this case we have to obtain the enthalpy change by looking at the combustion reaction that has been shown here.
It is clear that from the thermochemical reaction equation, there is the evolution of about 1278 kJ of heat in the process of the reaction as shown in the question that we have above.
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An oxide of chromium crystallizes with the following unit cell (chromium = gray; oxygen = red)(Figure 1) .
What is the formula of the oxide?
An oxide of chromium crystallizes with the following unit cell (chromium = gray; oxygen = red)(Figure 1) --CrO3
In order to determine the formula of the oxide, we need to determine the ratio of chromium to oxygen atoms in the unit cell. From the provided unit cell, we can see that there is one chromium atom (gray) in the center of the unit cell, and four oxygen atoms (red) surrounding it. This gives us a ratio of 1:4 chromium to oxygen, which simplifies to a ratio of 1:4 or 1/5. Therefore, the formula of the oxide is CrO4.An oxide is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element. Oxides can be either inorganic or organic, depending on the element that is combined with oxygen. Inorganic oxides are compounds composed of a metal and oxygen. They can be further classified as acidic, basic or neutral depending on the oxidation state of the metal atom. Examples of inorganic oxides include water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
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How many atoms are there in a 2 moles of oxygen atoms? How many atoms are there in 2 moles of oxygen molecules?
For 2 moles of oxygen atoms, there are Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23) atoms. For 2 moles of oxygen molecules, there are twice that amount, or 12.044 x 10^23 atoms.
What are Atoms?
Atoms are the smallest particle of any element that still maintains the properties of that element. Atoms are made up of a nucleus surrounded by one or more electrons. The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, and the electrons orbit around the nucleus. Atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons, which is what gives them their unique properties.
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Diatomic elements are important. what makes them different from other elemental substances?
Diatomic elements are elements that exist as pairs of atoms. Unlike other elemental substances, diatomic elements cannot exist as single atoms, but must exist as a pair of atoms bound together.
What is elemental?Elemental refers to an element or substance made up of one kind of atom, such as oxygen, carbon, or hydrogen. Elements are the basic building blocks of matter, and they are combined in different ways to form the molecules of different materials. Elemental substances are the most basic form of matter, and they are essential for life on Earth. There are currently 118 known elements, and they are found in nature and in many products. Each element has unique properties, and they can be used in different ways. For example, oxygen is essential for human respiration, while carbon is found in many materials, such as plastics and diamonds.
Examples of diatomic elements include nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H2), chlorine (Cl2), fluorine (F2), and bromine (Br2).
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How do temperature differences in the layers of Earth move magma?
A.Cooling magma becomes more dense and sinks, while hotter magma near the core is less dense and rises, moving magma in a cyclic path.
B.Cooling magma becomes less dense and sinks, while hotter magma near the core is more dense and rises, moving magma in a cyclic path.
C.Cooling magma becomes more dense and sinks, while hotter magma near the core is less dense and rises, moving magma in a linear path.
D.Cooling magma becomes less dense and sinks, while hotter magma near the core is more dense and rises, moving magma in a linear path.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Cooling magma becomes more dense and sinks, while hotter magma near the core is less dense and rises, moving magma in a cyclic path.
This answer was obtained from a credible source after doing some research.
The temperature differences in the layers of Earth move magma as cooling magma becomes more dense and sinks, while hotter magma near the core is less dense and rises, moving magma in a cyclic path.
What is magma?Magma is the molten or semi-molten natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed.Magma is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and evidence of magmatism has also been discovered on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites.Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals and gas bubbles.
Magma is produced by melting of the mantle or the crust in various tectonic settings, which on Earth include subduction zones, continental rift zones,mid-ocean ridges and hotspots. Mantle and crustal melts migrate upwards through the crust where they are thought to be stored in magma chambers or trans-crustal crystal-rich mush zones. During magma's storage in the crust, its composition may be modified by fractional crystallization, contamination with crustal melts, magma mixing, and degassing.
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which of the folowing molecules has the most polar bond between the bonded atoms in terom of greatedst end
The correct response is b) N - H. Because nitrogen is one of the most electronegative elements in the periodic table, its bond with hydrogen will be the most polar of all.
What exactly is a polar bond?A polar covalent bond is a covalent association in which the atoms' electron attraction is uneven, resulting in unequal electron sharing. In a polar covalent bond, also known as a polar bond, the distribution of electrons surrounding the molecule is no longer symmetrical. Polar covalent bonds have an unequal distribution of electrons. The difference in electronegativity between the two elements would be between 0.4 and 1.7. The electronegativity gap between polar and nonpolar bonds is less than 0.4.
In this case, the right answer is b) N - H. Because nitrogen is one of the periodic table's most electronegative elements, its bond with hydrogen will be the most polar of all.
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Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions of a strong acid in water.
(a) 0.16 M HCl
(b) 4.4 M HClO4
(c) 2.3???10?11 M HI
The pH of each of the following solutions of a strong acid in water for (a) 0.16 M HCl is 0.78, (b) 4.4 M HClO4 is 3.35, (c) 2.31011 M HI is 10.64.
A strong acid is an acid that is completely ionized in water. Therefore, the pH of a solution of a strong acid in water can be calculated using the following formula:
pH = -log[H+]
(a) 0.16 M HCl:
= [H+]
= 0.16 M
pH
= -log(0.16)
= -(-0.78)
= 0.78
(b) 4.4 M HClO4:
[H+]
= 4.4 M
pH
= -log(4.4)
= -(0.35)
= 3.35
(c) 2.3 x 10^-11 M HI:
[H+]
= 2.3 x 10^-11 M
pH
= -log(2.3 x 10^-11)
= -(-10.64)
= 10.64
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