A plant breeder is trying to increase the medicinal quality of belladonna (Atropa belladonna), which is derived from atropine, an alkaloid in the roots. Her previous research indicates that about 55% of atropine variation is due either to environmental factors (e.g., soil conditions or rainfall), or to genetic dominance and genetic interactions. If the average plant has 10 units of atropine and our breeder selects for plants with an average of 50 units of atropine, what will be the average amount of atropine in the new population

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The average amount of atropine in the new population will be 32 units of atropine.

Explanation:

To answer this question, we need to remember how can we calculate the selection differential and the heritability in the narrow sense.

• We can get the selection differential, SD, by getting the difference between the mean value of the population´s units of atropine, PoUA, and the mean value of the parents´ units of atropine, PaUA. So, in this example the selection differential is:

SD = PoUA - PaUA    

SD = 10 - 50  

SD = - 40    

• The heritability in the narrow sense, h², for units of atropine in the population is

h² = units of atropine of the offspring average/selection differential

But we already know the value of h² = 55% = 0.55. And we want to know the units of atropine of the offspring. So we just need to clear the following equation.

OUA = PoUA + h² ( PaUA - PoUA)

where,  

• offspring average units of atropine = OUA

• population average units of atropine = PoUA = 10 units

• parents average units of atropine = PaUA = 50 units

• Selection diferential = SD = -40 units

• narrow sense heritability = h² = 0.55

OUA = PoUA + h² ( PaUA - PoUA)

OUA = PoUA + h² (SD)

OUA = 10 + 0.55 x ( 50 - 10)

OUA = 10 + 22

OUA = 32 units.  


Related Questions

Giving a lot of point and brainiest!!

How does cooling of magma affect crystal size?

A) Slow cooling creates small crystals

B) Fast cooling creates both large and small crystals.

C) Slow cooling creates large crystals

D) Fast cooling create large crystals

Answers

Answer:

When magma cools, crystals form because the solution is super-saturated with respect to some minerals. If the magma cools quickly, the crystals do not have much time to form, so they are very small. If the magma cools slowly, then the crystals have enough time to grow and become large.

Answer:

I learned about this, Uhm...

C is the right answer bc igneous rocks cool and form crystals.

Lava, since it comes out of a volcano, cools faster and has smaller crystals since they could not be developed enough.

Magma, still underground, cools slower than lava because of all the density and heat, which causes bigger crystals.

Hope this helps :)

Pleaseeeeeeee heeeeeeelpppp

Answers

Answer:

true

Explanation:

i wish it could help you

Which skull bone is part of the facial bones and contains teeth?

Answers

Answer:

The anterior skull consists of the facial bones and provides the bony support for the eyes and structures of the face. This view of the skull is dominated by the openings of the orbits and the nasal cavity. Also seen are the upper and lower jaws, with their respective teeth

The anterior skull. I learned it in school plus i searched it up to make sure.

Which is NOT a part of cell theory?
A. The basic unit of life is a cell.
B. All cells are produced from other living cells.
C. All cells need light to live.
D. All organisms are made of cell.

Answers

Answer: C. All cells bed light to live
Explanation: I hope this helps you !

Photo synthesis is impossible at a depth of 1000 b/c ? A. It is too hot B. Only blue light penetrates this far C. No light penetrates this far D. It is too cold​

Answers

Answer:

B. Only blue light penetrates this far

Explanation:

what is monosachrayde​

Answers

Basically any type of sugar (glucose for example) that cant be broken down to a simpler sugar

Answer:

A monosaccharide is the most basic form of carbohydrates. Monosaccharides can by combined through glycosidic bonds to form larger carbohydrates, known as oligosaccharides or polysaccharides.

Explanation:

A monosaccharide is a type of monomer, or molecule that can combine with like molecules to create a larger polymer.

What is full form of ELISA?? Where it is used for ?¿​

Answers

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay commonly used analytical biochemistry assay

Helppppppppppppppppppppppppp

Answers

Answer:

agriculture

Explanation:

Slash-and-burn agriculture, method of cultivation in which forests are burned and cleared for planting. Slash-and-burn agriculture is often used by tropical-forest root-crop farmers in various parts of the world and by dry-rice cultivators of the forested hill country of Southeast Asia

the answer is agriculture :

How does being really cold affect the nervous system?

Answers

If the temperature is too hot, you may feel tired and lethargic, and if it is too cold, this may heighten the pain you feel.

In South Carolina, there is an area of shoreline called Grand Strand. Its central part is not protected by barrier islands. Explain what you could infer about the impact that water movement has on this area.

A. Water movement has caused strong waves to build the shoreline up through the process of deposition.

B. Water movement has caused longshore currents to erode the sediment from one end of this shoreline.

C. Water movement has caused this land to erode because there is no protection from strong waves.

D. Water movement has caused a build-up of various inlets to form a combination of tides and currents.

Answers

The impact that the movement of the water has in this area, is that the movement of the water has caused the erosion of this land because there is no protection against strong waves.

What causes marine erosion?

Marine erosion, also called maritime erosion, is defined as “the process of wear, transport and sedimentation of rocks and coastal soils by erosive agents”. Fundamentally, it can be caused by the action of three factors:

WavesCurrents and Tides.

With this information, we can conclude that the impact that the movement of water has in this area is that the movement of water has caused erosion of this land because there is no protection against strong waves.

Learn more about  water movement in brainly.com/question/16630851

how is the prairie ecosystem similar to the native plant ecosystem?

Answers

Answer: Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and a composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees,

Native plants are plants indigenous to a given area in geologic time. This includes plants that have developed, occur naturally, or existed for many years

so in conclusion there is a large difference between them

What is RNA? What similarities does it have to DNA?

Answers

Similarities Between DNA and RNA

Both DNA and RNA store genetic information. DNA and RNA are both large biological polymers. Both DNA and RNA consists of sugar, nitrogenous bases, and a phosphate backbone. On both molecules, guanine and cytosine pair with each other (are complementary).

Explanation:

In a separate study, 68 rock pocket mice were collected from four different, widely separated areas of dark lava rock. One collecting site was in Sonora, Mexico. The other three were in Chihuahua, Mexico. Dr. Nachman and colleagues observed no significant differences in the color of the rocks in the four locations sampled. However, the dark-colored mice from the three Chihuahua locations were slightly darker than the dark-colored mice from the Sonora population. The entire Mc1r gene was sequenced in all 68 of the mice collected. The mutations responsible for the dark fur color in the Sonora mice were absent from the three different populations of Chihuahua mice. No Mc1r mutations were associated with dark fur color in the Chihuahua populations. These findings suggest that adaptive dark coloration has occurred at least twice in the rock pocket mouse and that these similar phenotypic changes have different genetic bases.

Answers

Complete question:

In a separate study, 68 rock pocket mice were collected from four different, widely separated areas of dark lava rock. One collecting site was in Sonora, Mexico. The other three were in Chihuahua, Mexico. Dr. Nachman and colleagues observed no significant differences in the color of the rocks in the four locations sampled. However, the dark-colored mice from the three Chihuahua locations were slightly darker than the dark-colored mice from the Sonora population. The entire Mc1r gene was sequenced in all 68 of the mice collected. The mutations responsible for the dark fur color in the Sonora mice were absent from the three different populations of Chihuahua mice. No Mc1r mutations were associated with dark fur color in the Chihuahua populations. These findings suggest that adaptive dark coloration has occurred at least twice in the rock pocket mouse and that these similar phenotypic changes have different genetic bases.

How does this study support the  concept that natural selection is not random?  

Answer:

The study supports the  concept that natural selection is not random because in different areas with the same or very similar environmental characteristics, the same phenotype was produced by different types of mutations.  

Explanation:

All of the sampled animals are inhabiting dark substrate. Probably animals needed to camouflage to survive. Natural selection must have driven them to produce dark color, similar to the substrate color. So animals from the different regions suffered different mutations that drove them to have almost the same dark fur color. The environmental condition is favoring the same phenotype.

8.
Waste products that are easily broken down by nature are

hazardous
toxic
biodegradable
recyclable

Answers

The answer to this question is Biodegradable

What are the nervous and endocrine systems controlling to maintain homeostasis?
O A. the body's nitrogen levels
B. the body's internal environment
OCthe body's external skin and hair
0
D. the body's support for movement

Answers

Answer:

B. the body's internal environment

Explanation:

Homeostasis is defined as the process of maintaining the internal environment of the body.

All the systems work together to maintain homeostasis. The nervous and endocrine systems are two important system that helps in maintaining homeostasis.

The nervous and endocrine systems are linked with hypothalamus that controls the internal environment of the body by releasing and inhibiting hormones. These hormones keep pH,  temperature,  and other internal conditions stable that support homeostasis.

Hence, the correct answer is "B. the body's internal environment".

K12 ELA 7th grade science interim

answers are labeled as numbers and letters a b c and d (1c 2d 7a 9b etc)
1A
2C
3D
4C
5B
6B
7B
8A
9D
10C
11D
12C
13C
14B
15B
16B
17A
18A
19C
20C
21B
21B
23B
24C
25B
I FEEL VERY GUILTY AND BAD
YOUR WELCOM

Answers

Answer:

wait what grade are u in?

URGENTTT
Which of the following best describes how independent assortment results in inherited variations within a species and how it contributes to evolution?

A Independent assortment results from the copying of DNA during cell division and causes variations that are sometimes beneficial to a species


B Independent assortment results from the binary fission of a single cell and causes mutations that can be beneficial or harmful to a species


C Independent assortment occurs during mitosis and causes uncontrolled cell division which is harmful to a species


D Independent assortment occurs when chromosomes separate during meiosis and causes variations that can be beneficial or harmful to a species

Answers

Answer:

D Independent assortment occurs when chromosomes separate during meiosis and causes variations that can be beneficial or harmful to a species

Explanation:

During meiosis, the homologous chromosomes separate and segregate independently of each other. This process is referred to as 'independent assortment'. In consequence, different gene variants or 'alleles' localized in homologous chromosomes segregate independently of each other during gamete formation, thereby one particular gamete has an equal probability to carry either of these segregating alleles. Independent assortment generates genetic variation in the gametes, which can be beneficial or deleterious in a given environment.

The option that best describes how independent assortment results is D Independent assortment occurs when chromosomes separate during meiosis and causes variations that can be beneficial or harmful to a species

What is independent assortment ?

Independent assortment is a phenomenon that occurs during meiosis, which is the process of cell division that produces gametes (sex cells). During meiosis, the chromosomes are randomly sorted into the gametes. This means that the alleles (different forms of a gene) on different chromosomes can be inherited together or separately.

This random assortment of alleles can lead to new combinations of traits, which can be beneficial or harmful to a species.

Find out more on independent assortment at https://brainly.com/question/30597025

#SPJ6

In recent years the elephant population in certain African ecosystems have seen a decreased. The decrease is most likely due tl

Answers

Answer:

mostly poaching

Explanation:

i dont know if this was the answer you wanted but...

nvm I had my head on the wrong question

Eye color in a particular strain of fly is influenced by one gene with two alleles: a dominant allele that results in red eyes and a recessive allele that results in sepia eyes. A red-eyed female from a true-breeding population is mated with a sepia-eyed male. The Fl offspring are all red-eyed. The Fl flies are allowed to interbreed, producing the following in the F2 generation.
Females: 40 red eyes; 13 sepia eyes
Males: 39 red eyes; 11 sepia eyes
Which of the following best describes the likely mode of inheritance for the eye-color gene?
a. The eye-color gene is likely autosomal because males and females have similar phenotype ratios.
b. The eye-color gene is likely autosomal because more females have sepia eyes than males do.
c. The eye-color gene is likely sex-linked because the males and females have similar phenotype ratios.
d. The eye-color gene is likely sex-linked because the males and females display both phenotypes.

Answers

Answer:

The correct option is a. The eye-color gene is likely autosomal because males and females have similar phenotype ratios.

Explanation:

Available data:

Eye color is influenced by a diallelic gene R dominant allele results in red eyesr recessive allele results in sepia eyesCross: true-breeding red-eyed female with a sepia-eyed maleF1: 100% red-eyed.F2: Females: 40 red eyes; 13 sepia eyes

              Males: 39 red eyes; 11 sepia eyes

77% of the total progeny has red eyes and 23% has sepia eyes.

Among females, 75% is red-eyed, and 25% is sepia-eyed

Among males, 78% is red-eyed, and 22% is sepia-eyed.

The general phenotypic ratio is 3:1

If the eye-color gene was sex-linked, the phenotypic ratios would be different. There would be a higher proportion of red-eyed females than red-eyed males. Females would only express red eyes, while males would express red and sepia eyes. This is

Cross:         X⁺X⁻   x    X⁺Y        (Note: The symbol + represents the allele R

Phenotype: red-eyed both                    and the symbol  - the allele r)                  

Gametes) X⁺       X⁻     X⁺    Y

Punnett square)    X⁺         X⁻

                      X⁺   X⁺X⁺     X⁺X⁻

                       Y    X⁺Y       X⁻Y

F2) 3/4 of the whole progeny would be red-eyed

     1/4 of the whole progeny would be sepia-eyed

  BUT

     Females: 100% red-eyed

     Males: 50% red-eyed and 50% sepia-eyed

These proportions are not coincident with the exposed real proportions

So,

c. The eye-color gene is likely sex-linked because the males and females have similar phenotype ratios.

If this gene was sex-linked, Males and females would not have similar phenotype ratios. This is FALSE.

d. The eye-color gene is likely sex-linked because the males and females display both phenotypes.

If this gene was sex-linked, Males would display both phenotypes, but females would only be red-eyed. This is also FALSE.

According to this, we can assume that this is an autosomal gene. If this is true, then

Cross:   Rr XX    x    Rr XY

Gametes) RX, RX, rX, rX

                RX, RY, rX, rY

Punnett square:

              RX       RX       rX       rX

RX      RRXX    RRXX   RrXX   RrXX

rX       RrXX      RrXX    rrXX    rrXX

RY      RRXY     RRXY   RrXY   RrXY

rY       RrXY      RrXY    rrXY    rrXY

F2)  From the whole progeny

      12/16 = 3/4 = 75% would be red-eyed       4/16 = 1/4 = 25% would be sepia-eyed

       Phenotypic ratio 3:1

       Among females

       6/8 = 3/4 = 75% would be red-eyed, R-XX        2/8 = 1/4 = 25% would be sepia-eyed, rrXX

        Phenotypic ratio 3:1

      Among males

       6/8 = 3/4 = 75% would be red-eyed, R-XY        2/8 = 1/4 = 25% would be sepia-eyed, rrXY

       Phenotypic ratio 3:1

The phenotypic ratio in all cases are 3:1.

b. The eye-color gene is likely autosomal because more females have sepia eyes than males do.

Both males and females exhibit sepia eyes in equal proportions. This is FALSE

a. The eye-color gene is likely autosomal because males and females have similar phenotype ratios.

Males and females do have similar phenotype proportions of red eyes and sepia eyes. This is TRUE

Which experiment would most likely contain experimental bias?

Answers

Answer:

A company that makes pain relief medication tests the effectiveness of their own medicine compared to that of three other brands.

Help is needed please and thank you

Answers

Answer

out of the cell

Answer: Into the cell

y= 4/3x -8
4x-3y=24

Answers

Answer:

(x,y)= (x, 4/3x-8)

Explanation:

state two features of diffusion that do no apply to active transport​

Answers

diffusion moves ions from high concentration to low using no metabolic energy and active transport uses metabolic energy in the form of atp to move ions from high concentration to low concentration

What does active transport require that diffusion does not? Passive mechanisms like diffusion use no energy, while active transport requires energy to get done.

What two features distinguish active transport from diffusion? An example of diffusion is oxygen moving from the airways to the lungs - there is very little oxygen in the lungs but lots in the air. Active transport is the movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This process requires energy (ATP)

What are the 2 key features of active transport? There are two types of active transport: primary active transport that uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and secondary active transport that uses an electrochemical gradient. An example of active transport in human physiology is the uptake of glucose in the intestines.
Both use ion channels to move ions across the cell membrane, in or out of the cell. Differences: Passive Transport (or Diffusion) moves ions from high concentration to low, using no metabolic energy. Active Transport moves ions from low concentration to high, using metabolic energy in the form of ATP.

The text box below contains facts about salmon:
Facts about salmon. baby salmon migrate from freshwater streams and rivers to the ocean.
in the ocean, baby salmon d/r/i//n/k salt water.
Special cells on the salmon's gills called c/h//l/o//r/i/d//e cells help the salmon to e/x/c/r//e/t//e/ salt.

How do populations of baby salmon respond to changes in s/a//l/i//n/i//t/y as they migrate?
The baby salmon u/t/i/l/i//z/e// special structures but do not a/l/te/r/ their behavior.
The baby salmon al/t/e/r/ their behavior and u/t//i/l//i/z/e special structures.
The baby salmon u/t/i//l//i//z/e special structures to a/l/t/e//r their behavior.
The baby sa.l.m.on a/l/t/e/r their behavior but do not u/t/i/l//i/z/e special structures.

Answers

Answer:

what even is the question i am so cunfuzzles

Explain the process sleet goes through from the time it leaves the clouds to the
time it hits the ground

Answers

Answer:

Sleet is simply frozen raindrops and occurs when the layer of freezing air along the surface is thicker. This causes the raindrops to freeze before reaching the ground. In addition, ice caused by freezing rain can rapidly add weight to tree branches and power lines, causing them to snap or break

Explanation:

6. If a DNA sequence reads TCCA, a deletion mutation would look like...
a. TCTA
b. TCA
C. TCCCA
d. UCCA
I
I

Answers

Answer: C

Explanation: It would be C because a deletion mutation involves the loss of genetic material, therefore C is the only option that fits the definition.

Hope this helps

Why can grasses not survive on the island yet?​

Answers

why can grasses not survive on what island?
Because it’s dry? I don’t know but I think it’s common sense

An organ ________ is a combination of several organs that perform together for a common function. a. basic b. cells c. living d . molecules e. organ f. organism g. system h. tissue​

Answers

Explanation:

System is a combination of several organs that perform together for a common function.

Hope it will help :)❤

INTERIM K12 SCIENCE

HERE ARE ALL YOUR AWNSERS

K12 ELA 7th grade science interim


answers are labeled as numbers and letters a b c and d (1c 2d 7a 9b etc)

1A

2C

3D

4C

5B

6B

7B

8A

9D

10C

11D

12C

13C

14B

15B

16B

17A

18A

19C

20C

21B

21B

23B

24C

25B

I FEEL VERY GUILTY AND BAD

YOUR WELCOM

WHO EVER SEES THIS MUST SPREAD IT LIKE HOT BUTTER

Answers

Lol☠️☠️☠️☠️☠️☠️☠️☠️☠️☠️

How many atoms of the element hydrogen are there for each atom of oxygen in the compound we know of as 'water'?
a. 8
b. 4
c. 1
d. 2

Answers

Answer:

d

the formula is H2O

Explanation:

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PLS HELPWILL GIVE BRAINIESTThe points plotted below are on the graph of a polynomial. Which of thefollowing x-values is the best approximation of a root of the polynomial?Check all that apply.A. X-1.1B. X= 4.3C. x=2.4D. X=6E.X=1 How can students in the photograph use the net to sample the invertebrates in the river. How do the priests in Rome treat the people who come to buy indulgences? Which prompt would be best addressed with a cause-and-effect structure?O A. Write an essay explaining the history of the United Nations,starting with its founding and ending with its current role in worldpolitics.B. Argue whether television news provides a valuable service ordistracts people from issues of real importance.O C. Discuss the pros and cons of students bringing their own lunchesfrom home versus eating school-provided lunches.D. Describe what you think has been the most significant change tosociety as a result of the invention of cell phones. Hurry i need help with math (plz don't give helpless answer) What's a real-life example of Newton's Second Law? Fill in The BlankThe magician had what appeared to be a(n) _____ talent for reading people's minds. Actually, his ability was easy to explainhe picked his audience's pockets and used that information in his act.A. venial B. scrupulous C. supercilious D. uncanny If h(x) = sqrt 7 + 6f(x), where f(3) = 7 and f '(3) = 4, find h'(3). What environmental change is most likely to increase the stability of an ecosystem? Answers A) An invasive plant species is introduced to a garden. B) A corn field is allowed to lay fallow (unplanted). C) A section of woods is cleared to make way for sport fields. D) An exterminator sprays chemicals to get rid of pests. factorise ab+cb+ad+cd 20 POINTS On the news yesterday, the weather forecasters rainfall prediction was 20% off. If 2.5 inches of rain actually fell today, what are the two rainfall predictions that could have been made during the weather forecast?Giving brainliest to the BEST EXPLAINED answer. All answers that are irrelevant to the question will be reported and removed.Middle School MathREPOST AS THE OTHER ONE GOT SNIPED Was Brutus a Patriot or a Traitor? Essay a car is driven off a cliff at 39 m/s. It lands 141 m from the base. How highabove the ground is it when its speed through the air is 45 m/s? PLS help i've been trying this for an hour i still don't get it DUE in a couple of minutes!!help me out with this question (geometry) Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. Which are the features of conditional formatting? Conditional formatting enables you to and . YO PLZ HELP!!!The _____ is most closely linked with the destruction of worn out cells.a. Lysosomeb. Centriolec. Peroxisomed. None of the above Can a triangle have three acute angles? Justify your answer.brainliest How is this case literally about black and white? How is this case black and white, figuratively speaking? please help 10.Formez un adjectif qualificatif partir de ce mot : DTECTERalzo