Balance the following reactions
a) Ca (s) + H₂O (1)→ Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H₂ (g)
b) Al2O3 (s) + C(s) + Cl₂ (g) → AICI3 (s) + CO (g)
c) FeCl3 (aq) + H₂S (g) → Fe2S3 (s) + HCI (aq)
d) CaCO3 (s) + HCI (aq) → Ca Cl₂ (aq) + CO2 (g) + H₂O (1)

All you need to do is to follow these 3 steps.

1. Estimate the number of each kind of atom present in the compound using the chemical formula in order to determine the molar mass of the molecule.

eg. Water

0.28 moles of nitrogen gas are there in 6.8 liters at room temperature and pressure (293 K and 100 kPa).

Ideal gas law :

An ideal gas is a gas in which atoms dose not exert any force on each other even after collision which walls and other atoms (inelastic collisions).

Mole definition:

The mole is the amount of compound present in a given system which has molecular mass as that of the mass of carbon12 .carbon 12

Using ideal gas law ,

PV=nRT

Given,

pressure = P = 100kPa

Volume = V = 6.8 Lit

Temperature = room temperature = T = 293 K

R= universal gas constant = 8.314

n= moles = ?

∴[tex]n = \frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]

∴ n = 100 × 6.8 / 8.314 × 293

∴n = 0.28 moles

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The concentration of LiOH in the reaction is 0.103 M

This is a neutralization reaction and the equation of the reaction is written as; H2SO4(aq) + 2LiOH(aq) ---->Li2SO4(aq) + H2O(l)

The average volume of acid used is obtained from;

8.54 + 8.51 + 8.68/ 3 = 8.58 mL

CA = 0.150 M

VA = 8.58 mL

CB = ?

VB= 25.0 mL

NA = 1

NB = 2

CAVA/CBVB = NA/NB

CAVANB = CBVBNA

CB = CAVANB/VBNA

CB = 0.150 * 8.58 * 2/25.0 * 1

CB = 0.103 M

The concentration of LiOH in the reaction is 0.103 M

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The following applies to the above equation:

Brønsted-Lowry acid is the any chemical species that acts as a donor of protons while Brønsted-Lowry base is any chemical species that acts as a proton acceptor.

In the following equation: HCOOH(aq) + PO43-(aq) = HCOO-(aq) + HPO42-(aq)

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Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 340.0 moles  of methane are produced when 85.1 moles of carbon dioxide gas react with excess hydrogen gas

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

CO₂ + 4 H₄  → CH₄ + 2 H₂O

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

The following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 1 mole of CO₂ form 4 moles of CH₄, 85.1 moles of CO₂ form how many moles of CH₄?

[tex]moles of CH_{4} =\frac{85.1 moles of CO_{2}x4 moles of CH_{4} }{1 moles of CO_{2}}[/tex]

moles of CH₄= 340.4 moles

Then, 340.0 moles  of methane are produced when 85.1 moles of carbon dioxide gas react with excess hydrogen gas

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The molecular formula of the compound is C₃H₄.

The molecular formula of the compound is determined from the molecular mass of the compound.

The molecular mass of the compound is derived using the general gas equation as follows:

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

V₂ = P₁V₁T₂/P₂T₁

Volume at STP, V₂ = (415 * 371 * 298(760 * 314)

V₂ = 192.26 mL = 0.192 L

Molar mass of gas = 22.4/0.192 * 0.315 = 36.75 g

Molecular formula is then determined from the mole ratio of the elements;

Carbon = 0.9 * 36.75/12 = 3

Hydrogen = 0.1 * 40/1 = 4

Thus, the molecular formula of the compound is C₃H₄.

In conclusion, the molecular formula of the gas is derived from the molecular mass.

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Answer:

Percent Yield Fe  =  82.5%

Explanation:

The actual yield is the value produced after an experiment is conducted. The theoretical yield is the value calculated using the balanced chemical equation and atomic/molar masses.

To find the percent yield of iron (Fe), you need to (1) convert grams Al to moles Al (via atomic mass), then (2) convert moles Al to moles Fe (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), then (3) convert moles Fe to grams Fe (via atomic mass), and then (4) calculate the percent yield. It is important to arrange the ratios in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to reflect the sig figs of the given values.

Atomic Mass (Mg): 24.305 g/mol

Atomic Mass (Fe): 55.845 g/mol

3 Mg + 2 FeCl₃ -----> 2 Fe + 3 MgCl₂

20.5 g Mg           1 mole              2 moles Fe            55.845 g
-----------------  x  -----------------  x  ----------------------  x  -----------------  =  
                           24.305 g           3 moles Mg             1 mole

=  31.4 g Fe

                                     Actual Yield
Percent Yield  =  ----------------------------------  x  100%
                                 Theoretical Yield

                               25.9 g Fe
Percent Yield  =  --------------------  x  100%
                               31.4 g Fe

Percent Yield  =  82.5%

The second reaction with the volume of 5L will occur faster as compared to the first reaction of volume 10L.

Volume is inversely proportional to the rate of reaction.

As volume increases rate of reaction decreases and as volume decreases rate of reaction increases.

Let's consider a reaction A   →  B.

r is rate of reaction and K is rate constant, A is the concentration of reaction.

r = k(A)

r is directly proportional to the A.

But the concentration of A is in Moles/liters (i.e. moles per unit volume)

r is inversely proportional to the volume of vessel or chamber.

 Hence as volume increases rate of reaction decreases.

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The airbag is designed to produce the volume of nitrogen gas required to fill up the airbag.

An airbag is a bag which is designed to self-inflate and serve as a cushion for the head and neck of a driver to prevent injuries when an impact occurs head-on on the car.

The gas that inflates the airbag is nitrogen which is produced from sodium azide according to equation below:

In conclusion, the design of the airbag is such that the correct amount of sodium azide is present to produce the volume of nitrogen required to fill up the airbag.

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The correct chemical structure that corresponds to 1,1,1-trifluoroethane is (a).

What is  1,1,1-trifluoroethane?

A chemical structure is a spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule. It determines the molecular geometry and when necessary the electronic chemistry as well .1,1,1-Trifluoroethane or simply known as trifluoroethane is Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) compound that is colourless and highly inflammable gas with ether like odour. One method of preparation of 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane is by fluorination of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane in the presence of hydrofluoric acid.  The chemical formula for 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane is [tex]C__{2} } H_{3} F_{3}[/tex]. The high stability of it's chemical structure because of being heavier than air makes it a greenhouse gas with high infrared absorbent power. It can be used as a propellant or refrigerant and in cleaning of electrical equipments.

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The mole ratio of the compound and its constituent elements are as follows:

Mole ratio is the ratio of the moles of one or more elements or compounds to another.

The given compound is Ca₄Si₂O₆(CO₃)(OH)₂

Moles of oxygen present in 1 mole of compound = 11 moles

Moles of Si present in 1 mole of compound = 2 moles

Moles of Ca present in 1 mole of compound = 4 moles

Moles of C present in 1 mole of compound = 1 mole

Given the equation of the reaction below;

the mole ratio of the reactants and products are as follows:

In conclusion, the mole ratio of reaction is the ratio in which moles of the substances combine.

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The term mu here represents the average contents of all bottles of juice in the population, which is unknown. Option B

The term standard deviation has to do with the extent that values are scattered around the mean. Now we know that the mean is the average of the distribution.

The standard deviation shows the extent to which the values differ from the mean value of the distribution. It is a measure of dispersion.

Thus, the term mu here represents the average contents of all bottles of juice in the population, which is unknown. Option B

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Missing parts;

Minute Maid states that a bottle of juice contains 473 mL. Consumer groups are interested in determining if the bottles contain less than the amount stated on the label. To test their claim, they sample 30 bottles. The sample mean was 472mL and the standard deviation is 0.2.

What does mu represent here?

A. The average contents of all bottles of juice in the sample, which is unknown.

B. The average contents of all bottles of juice in the population, which is unknown.

C. The average contents of all bottles of juice in the population, which is 472mL.

D. The average contents of all bottles of juice in the sample, which is 472mL.

1. The resulting concentration will be 0.00044 mol/L

2. The minimum mass of sodium sulfite to add will be 0.4032 grams.

1. Using m1v1=m2v2

  m1 = 0.01 mol/L, v1 = 20 mL, v2 = 450 mL

       m2 = m1v1/v2 = 0.01 x 20/450 = 0.00044 mol/L

2. [tex]Na_2SO_3 + Ca(NO_3)_2 --- > 2NaNO_3 + CaSO_3[/tex]

Mole ratio of the reactants = 1:1

Mole of 80 mL, 0.0400 mol/L Ca(NO3)2 = 80/1000 x 0.0400 = 0.0032 mol

Equivalent mole of Na2SO3 = 0.0032 moles

Mass of 0.0032 moles Na2SO3 = 0.0032 x 126 = 0.4032 grams

Thus, the minimum mass of sodium sulfite to be added must be 0.4032 grams.

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Answer: 63.75 %

Explanation:

The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:

NaHCO3 + HA = NaA + H2O + CO2

According to the chemical equation, one mole of NaHCO3 will react with one mole of HA to form one mole of NaA, H2O and CO2. All the components are in same mole ratio of 1:1:1:1

So,

Moles of CO2 = weight/molar mass = 0.561/44 = 0.01275 moles

Moles of CO2 will be equal to moles of NaHCO3 = 0.01275 moles

Moles = weight/mass

Weight = moles × mass

So the weight of NaHCO3 = 0.01275 × 84.01 = 1.071 g

The percentage mass of NaHCO3 in the original mixture =(1.071/1.68)× 100% = 63.75 %

Therefore, the percent by mass of NaHCO3 in the original mixture was 63.75 %

Answer:

545

Explanation:

If we let the unknown temperature in Kelvin be x,

[tex] \frac{0.376 \times 580.3}{43+273} = \frac{0.415 \times 907.1}{x} \\ \\ x = 545[/tex]

diphosphorus tetraiodide is the name of the p2I4 compound.

The name of p2I4 is diphosphorus tetraiodide because there are two atoms with phosphorus and four atoms with iodine. We know that 'di' word is used for two while on the other hand, tetra word is used for four.

So we can conclude that diphosphorus tetraiodide is the name of the p2I4 compound.

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1.205 × 10²³ atoms of oxygen will be present in 7.51 grams of glycine with formula C₂H5O2N. Details about number of atoms can be found below.

How to calculate number of atoms?

The number of atoms of a substance can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles of the substance by Avogadro's number.

However, the number of moles of oxygen in glycine can be calculated using the following expression:

Molar mass of C₂H5O2N = 75.07g/mol

Mass of oxygen in glycine = 32g/mol

Hence; 32/75.07 × 7.51 = 3.2grams of oxygen in glycine

Moles of oxygen = 3.2g ÷ 16g/mol = 0.2moles

Number of atoms of oxygen = 0.2 × 6.02 × 10²³ = 1.205 × 10²³ atoms

Therefore, 1.205 × 10²³ atoms of oxygen will be present in 7.51 grams of glycine with formula C₂H5O2N.

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Answer:

10-6mol/l

Explanation:

hope i helped

The density of the solid is =0.3076g/ml

The mass of solid in flask = 36.65g

The volume of both solid and Toluene = 50ml

The mass of both solid and Toluene = 58.58g

The density of toluene = 0.864g/ml

The density of the solid = X

Note: The density of the solid is calculated from the density of both the solid and toluene.

But the density of solid+ toluene;

=mass/volume

= 58.58g/50ml

= 1.1716g/ml

Therefore the density of solid alone = density of both solid +toluene - density of toluene.

= 1.1716g/ml - 0.864g/ml

= 0.3076g/ml

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Answer:

ion exchange

Explanation:

because in the time period of chemical reactions it product ion

The gas is bromine. (This is a fact)

Answer:

Potassium chloride.

Taking into account the definition of pH and pOH, the hydrogen ion concentration will be 1×10⁻⁸ M.

pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution or substance.

The pH is defined as the negative base 10 logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions, that is, the concentration of hydrogen ions or H₃O⁺:

pH= - log [H⁺]= - log [H₃O⁺]

Similarly, pOH is a measure of hydroxyl ions in a solution and is expressed as the logarithm of the concentration of OH⁻ ions, with the sign changed:

pOH= - log [OH⁻]

The following relationship can be established between pH and pOH:

pOH + pH= 14

In this case, you know that pOH= 6.

Replacing in the relationship established between pH and pOH, the pH can be calculated as:

pH + 6= 14

Solving:

pH= 14 - 6

pH= 8

Replacing in the definition of pH the concentration of H⁺ ions is obtained:

- log [H⁺]= 8

Solving:

[H⁺]= 10⁻⁸

[H⁺]= 1×10⁻⁸ M

In summary, the hydrogen ion concentration will be 1×10⁻⁸ M.

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Answer:

Techniques and Tests

Qualitative analysis typically measures changes in color, melting point, odor, reactivity, radioactivity, boiling point, bubble production, and precipitation.

Mechanical waves can help in the treatment of cancer due to heat generated by the high frequency waves.

A mechanical wave is a wave that requires material medium for its propagation, example include;

Sound wave in example of mechanical wave because it requires material medium for its propagation.

High-frequency sound waves (HIFU) is used in the  treatment  of cancer because the strong beam generates heat which is directed to a specific part of a cancer.

The heat generated destroys the cancer cells.

Thus, mechanical waves can help in the treatment of cancer due to heat generated by the high frequency waves.

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Answer:

0.18 L

Explanation:

You can find the volume using the molarity ratio:

Molarity = moles / volume (L)

You can plug the given values into the equation and simplify to find the volume.

Molarity = moles / volume                           <----- Molarity ratio

2.5 M = 0.45 moles / volume                      <----- Insert values

(2.5 M) x volume = 0.45 moles                   <----- Multiply both sides by volume

volume = 0.18 L                                            <----- Divide both sides by 2.5

The concentration will be 12 M. The first option is the correct one.

It is calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute present in a solution by the volume of the solution.

In this case, the number of moles of solute = 1.2 mols

volume of solvent = 100 mL or 0.1 L

Concentration of the solution = 1.2/0.1 = 12 mol/L or 12 M

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