Consider the reaction between a solution of molecule A and a solid block of molecule B. In general, for a reaction to occur, the reactant molecules must be in contact with each other. Therefore, increasing the frequency of collisions between A and B molecules allows the reaction to occur more quickly. Identify the change in reaction condition that will increase the frequency of the molecular collisions.

Answer:

Mg(s) = oxidized

H₂SO₄(aq) (hydrogen) = reduced

Explanation:

Oxidized substances lose electrons and see an increase in oxidation number. Reduced substances gain electrons and see a decrease in oxidation number.

Lone elements always have an oxidation number of 0. H₂SO₄ and MgSO₄ are ionic compounds that can be broken up into a cation and polyatomic anion. The anion, SO₄²⁻, has an overall oxidation number of -2. Therefore, to make the overall charge of the ionic compound neutral, the hydrogen in H₂SO₄ has an oxidation state of +1 (bc there are two hydrogens) and the magnesium in MgSO₄ has an oxidation state of +2.

Since Mg(s) is losing electrons (goes from 0 to +2), it is being oxidized. Since the hydrogen in H₂SO₄(aq) is gaining electrons (goes from +1 to 0), it is being reduced.

The resulting solution will be neutral having a pH of 7.

The term pH is defined as the hydrogen ion concentration in solution. We know that the pH is inversely related to the hydrogen ion concentration in solution.

We know that the reaction between an acid and a base produced a salt. In this case, the salt that is produced is neutral because the acid is completely reacted with the base.

Since the solution contains a mixture of a  containing pH of 3.5 and that of a pH of 10.5, the resulting solution will be neutral having a pH of 7.

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Considering the definition of percentage by mass,  the mass of ammonium sulfate that must be added to prepare 200.0 g of a 3.5% solution of ammonium sulfate in water is 7 g.

The percentage by mass expresses the concentration and indicates the amount of mass of solute present in 100 grams of solution.

In other words, the percentage by mass of a component of the solution is defined as the ratio of the mass of the solute to the mass of the solution, expressed as a percentage.

The percentage by mass is calculated as the mass of the solute divided by the mass of the solution, the result of which is multiplied by 100 to give a percentage. This is:

[tex]percent by mass=\frac{mass of solute}{mass of solution}x100[/tex]

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the definition of percent by mass:

[tex]3.5 =\frac{mass of ammonium sulfate}{200 g}x100[/tex]

Solving:

3.5÷100= [tex]\frac{mass of ammonium sulfate}{200 g}[/tex]

0.035= [tex]\frac{mass of ammonium sulfate}{200 g}[/tex]

0.035×200 g= mass of ammonium sulfate

7 g= mass of ammonium sulfate

Finally, the mass of ammonium sulfate that must be added to prepare 200.0 g of a 3.5% solution of ammonium sulfate in water is 7 g.

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883.15 gm of Ni is produced in solution by passing a current of 67 Ampere through a period of 14 hours.

Current, I = 67 A

Time, t = 14 h = (14×60×60) s

Now total Charge passed , Q = I t = 67×14×60×60 = 3376800 C

moles of electrons passed = [tex]\frac{Q}{96500}[/tex][tex]=\frac{3376800}{96500}=34.992[/tex] mole  e⁻

34.992 moles of e⁻ will produce 34.992 /2 = 17.49 mole Ni

Now we have the reaction

Ni ²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Ni

34.992 moles of e⁻ produces 17.49 mole of Ni

mass of Ni produced = molar mass of Ni × moles of Ni = 58.693 × 17.49 = 1026.91 gm of Ni produced

But the cell is 86% efficient.

Therefore, Ni produced = 0.86×1026.91 =  883.15 gm

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Titration is a technique for determining unknown molarity of acid by adding a base of know malarkey to a known volume of acid

The process of calculating the quantity of a material A by adding measured increments of substance B, the titrant, with which it reacts until exact chemical equivalency is obtained " is the definition of titration. Titration, commonly referred to as titrimetry, is a method of chemical qualitative analysis used to determine the concentration of a certain analyte in a mixture.

The goal of titration is to identify the equivalence point, or the point at which chemically equivalent amounts of the reactants have been combined, which is a key analytical chemistry technique also known as volumetric analysis. The stoichiometry of the reactants determines how many reactants have been mixed at the equivalence point.

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Answer:

7.88 x 10²² formula units CuCl₂

Explanation:

To find the amount of formula units, you need to (1) convert grams to moles (via the molar mass) and then (2) convert moles to formula units (via Avogadro's Number). It is important to arrange the conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to match the sig figs of the given value.

Molar Mass (CuCl₂): 134.45 g/mol

Avogadro's Number:

6.022 x 10²³ formula units = 1 mole

17.6 g CuCl₂            1 mole             6.022 x 10²³ formula units
--------------------  x  -----------------  x  ------------------------------------------  =  
                               134.45 g                           1 mole

=  7.88 x 10²² formula units CuCl₂

Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 3.63 moles of NH₃ will be produced if 50.8 g N₂ reacts with 187.3 g H₂.

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

3 H₂ + N₂ → 2 NH₃

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

The molar mass of the compounds is:

Then, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:

The limiting reagent is one that is consumed first in its entirety, determining the amount of product in the reaction. When the limiting reagent is finished, the chemical reaction will stop.

To determine the limiting reagent, it is possible to use a simple rule of three as follows: if by stoichiometry 6 grams of H₂ reacts with 28 grams of N₂, 187.3 grams of H₂ reacts with how much mass of N₂?

[tex]mass of N_{2} =\frac{187.3 grams of H_{2} x28 grams of N_{2}}{6 grams of H_{2}}[/tex]

mass of N₂= 874.067 grams

But 875.087 grams of N₂ are not available, 50.8 grams are available. Since you have less mass than you need to react with 187.3 grams of H₂, N₂ will be the limiting reagent.

Considering the limiting reagent, the following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 28 grams of N₂ form 2 moles of NH₃, 50.8 grams of N₂ form how many moles of NH₃?

[tex]moles of NH_{3} =\frac{50.8 grams of N_{2} x2 moles of NH_{3} }{28 grams of N_{2}}[/tex]

moles of NH₃= 3.63 moles

Finally, 3.63 moles of NH₃ will be produced if 50.8 g N₂ reacts with 187.3 g H₂.

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An element is a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means. Elements are extremely particular compounds that serve as the foundation for all life and matter (well other than the stuff smaller than atoms). It can contain one atom or trillions of them for anything to be an element, however atoms of different types cannot be combined in. That is to say, every atom has a set number of protons, ranging from 1 to 118. You can be positive that the substance you have is hydrogen if there is just one proton present. Mercury is what you get if you have 80 protons. Atoms of pure hydrogen only contain one proton. As most people are aware, if you add oxygen to it, it turns into water, which is no longer an element but a compound. Nevertheless, the building blocks are the elements. Every single object you can see is composed of elements, whether there are many of them, as there are in the human body, or only a few, as there are in salt.

A compound is a substance with a definite composition (with some leeway there, there are 'non-stoichiometric' compounds), that is composed of 2 or more elements.

Further explanation:

A compound in chemistry is a material that is created by mixing two or more distinct chemical elements in such a way that the atoms of the various elements are kept together by strong chemical bonds. These bonds form as a result of the sharing or exchange of electron s among the atoms. A molecule is the smallest, unbreakable unit of a substance.

A mixture is not a compound since there is no bonding between the atoms of the constituent substances in a mixture. In certain cases, mixing dissimilar elements causes chemical reactions that result in the formation of bonds between the atoms and the molecules of a compound. Other possibilities allow mixing distinct components without causing a reaction, preserving the separate identities of the elements. When elements are combined, reactions can happen quickly or slowly (for example, when iron is exposed to oxygen) (as when lithium is exposed to oxygen). There are times when an element is introduced to a chemical, a reaction takes place, creating new compounds (as when pure elemental sodium is immersed in liquid water).

A compound frequently looks and acts quite different from any of the constituent parts. Think about hydrogen (H) and oxygen, for instance (O). At standard atmospheric pressure and room temperature, both of these substances are gases. However, they combine to form the well-known material known as water, which is a liquid at room temperature and at normal atmospheric pressure and whose molecules each contain two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O).

Few elements' atoms readily combine with those of other elements to produce compounds. These gases—helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon—are referred to as noble or inert gases. Compounds made of certain elements can be formed easily with other elements. Examples include fluorine, chlorine, and oxygen.

2) The adjective compound refers to something that is made up of several different components. Examples of this usage include compound eyes, which are found in a variety of insects, compound microscopes, which are high-power magnifying devices made up of multiple lenses, compound sentences, which are organized collections of smaller sentences that form a single integrated perceptual environment, and compound documents.

Answer:

1768.14

Explanation:

1. molar mass of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ is: M=12*12+22*1+16*11=342 [gr/mol];

2. the required mass, m=M*ν is: m=5.17*342=1768.14 [gr].

Answer:

33 atm

Explanation:

If all other variables are held constant, you can use Gay-Lussac's Law to find the pressure change:

P₁ / T₁ = P₂ / T₂

In this equation, "P₁" and "T₁" represent the initial pressure and temperature. "P₂" and "T₂" represent the final pressure and temperature. You can plug the given values into the equation and simplify to find P₂.

P₁ = 7.0 atm                     P₂ = ? atm

T₁ = 15 °C                         T₂ = 70 °C

P₁ / T₁ = P₂ / T₂                                       <----- Gay-Lussac's Law

7.0 atm / 15 °C = P₂ / 70 °C                   <----- Insert values

0.46667 = P₂ / 70 °C                             <----- Simplify left side

33 = P₂                                                  <----- Multiply both sides by 70

Lipids are made up of long hydrocarbon chains and is not soluble in water.

Hence, Option C is correct answer.

Carbohydrate is water soluble macromolecule because they are small polar molecules contains many -OH functional groups that makes it hydrophilic.  

Nucleic acids are long polymeric chain. They are hydrophilic in nature. Nucleic acid are soluble in water because of their polar nature.

Lipids are hydrophobic and they are generally water insoluble because lipids are non polar molecules. Lipids are oily or greasy molecules. Lipids are made up of glycerol molecule. It includes fatty acids.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Lipids are made up of long hydrocarbon chains and is not soluble in water.

Hence, Option C is correct answer.

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The equation for the dissociation of iron (iii) nitrate is given below:

A dissociation equation is an equation in which a compound separates into the constituent ions present in the compound.

The equation for the dissociation of iron (iii) nitrate is given below:

Fe₂(NO₃)₃ (aq) ⇄  2 Fe⁺ (aq) + 3 NO₃⁻ (aq)

In conclusion, the dissociation of iron(iii) nitrate produces iron (ii) ions and nitrate ions.

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Taking into account the definition of pH and pOH, the pH of the solution is 9.69.

pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution or substance.

The pH is defined as the negative base 10 logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions, that is, the concentration of hydrogen ions or H₃O⁺:

pH= - log [H⁺]= - log [H₃O⁺]

Similarly, pOH is a measure of hydroxyl ions in a solution and is expressed as the logarithm of the concentration of OH⁻ ions, with the sign changed:

pOH= - log [OH⁻]

The following relationship can be established between pH and pOH:

pOH + pH= 14

A solution had a hydroxide ion concentration of 4.9×10⁻⁵ M. This is [OH⁻]= 4.9×10⁻⁵ M. So, pOH is calculated as:

pOH= - log (4.9×10⁻⁵ M)

Solving;

pOH= 4.31

Replacing in the relationship established between pH and pOH, the pH can be calculated as:

pH + 4.31= 14

Solving:

pH= 14 - 4.31

pH= 9.69

In summary, the pH of the solution is 9.69.

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All elements have a AHf, of 0

kJ/mole at standard temperature and pressure.

An element can be defined as a substance which cannot be split into two or more simpler forms by an ordinary chemical process

Below are the list of the first twenty elements:

So therefore, all elements have a AHf, of 0

kJ/mole at standard temperature and pressure.

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Answer:

9.4x10^-1

Explanation:

You have to move the decimal left 3 times so you subtract 3 from the power (2) and get -1

Answer:

The corpuscular model of matter is a model of the microscopic structure of matter, which seeks to explain the properties and behavior in each state of aggregation

Explanation:

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Answer:

The compound, H₂O, will not be found on the periodic table. This is because the periodic table only consists of individual elements. That being said, the elements found within H₂O are located on the periodic table. H₂O consists of hydrogen, denoted by the symbol "H", and oxygen, denoted by the symbol "O". The subscript (the 2) tells us that there are 2 hydrogen atoms located in the H₂O molecule.

Hydrogen is the first element listed on the periodic table and can be found in the top leftmost position. Oxygen is the eighth element on the periodic able and is located in the second row at the top right.

1.506 × 10²³ molecules in  120.0 g of oxygen gas.

The slightest particle of importance contains all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance. Molecules are made up of one or more atoms.

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Answer:

Hydrolysis of 1-cyano-methylbenzene is an addition reaction while that of 1-cyano-4-methylbenzene is a substitution substitution reaction.

Explanation:

substitution reactions occur in preference to addition reactions

531.2 grams of oxygen and 608.22 grams of C6H12O6 make up the potential yield.

Determine the reaction's theoretical yield:

Given is the reaction: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O = C6H12O6 + 6 O2.

2.38 x 102 g of H2O are provided as the mass.

Given is 18.6 moles of CO2.

6 CO2 + 6 H2O →  C6H12O6 + 6 O2

6 moles of H2O  1 mole of C6H12O6

1 mole of water equals 0.6 moles of C6H12O6.

18gm of H2O = 276/6 gm of C6H12O6

2.38*10^2 gm of H2O = ? gm of C6H12O6

[tex]=\frac{2.38*10^{2} *\frac{276}{6} }{18}[/tex]

[tex]=608.22gms[/tex] of C6H12O6

1 mole of  C6H12O6 = 276gms

? moles of C6H12O6 = 608.22gms

= 608.22/276

= 2.2 moles of C6H12O6

6 moles of CO2 = 6 moles of O2

1 mole of CO2 = 1 mole of O2

∴ 18.6 moles of CO2 = 18.6 moles of O2

1 mole of O2 = 32gms of O2

∴18.6 moles of O2 = ?  gm

= 18.6*32

= 531.2gms of O2

Hence 531.2 grams of oxygen and 608.22 grams of C6H12O6 make up the potential yield

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The terms is used to describe a solution that results when both the salute and solvent are called alloys

Alllys simply refers to mixture of a solid metal made by combining two or more metallic elements.

There exist alloys of

In conclusion, the terms is used to describe a solution that results when both the salute and solvent are called alloys

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The molarity of citric acid in lemon juice is 0.222 mol/L.

Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1L of solution. Molarity is also known as Molar concentration. The S.I unit of Molarity is molar (M) or mol/L.

Molarity = [tex]\frac{\text{Number of moles}}{\text{Liters of solution}}[/tex]

Number of moles = [tex]\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]

                             = [tex]\frac{21.5\ g}{192\ \text{g/mol}}[/tex]

                             = 0.111 mol

Now put the values in above formula we get

Molarity = [tex]\frac{\text{Number of moles}}{\text{Liters of solution}}[/tex]

              = [tex]\frac{0.111\ mol}{0.5\ L}[/tex]

              = 0.222 mol/L

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The molarity of citric acid in lemon juice is 0.222 mol/L.

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Electrons moving in a circle would be accelerating, would lose energy, and would therefore not be able to maintain their orbits.

Atomic models are designed to determine the nature of the atom. There have been several atomic models whose ultimate aim have been to underscore the interaction between the particles that compose the atom.

The atomic models include;

The main problem of the Planetary system model (Rutherford model) of the atom is that electrons moving in a circle would be accelerating, would lose energy, and would therefore not be able to maintain their orbits.

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Answer:

36.1% Ca

Explanation:

To find the percent calcium, you need to (1) construct the chemical formula of calcium chloride, then (2) calculate the molar mass of calcium chloride, and then (3) calculate the percent calcium in calcium chloride.

(Step 1)

Calcium = Ca²⁺

Chlorine = Cl⁻

Calcium Chloride = CaCl₂

(Step 2)

Atomic Mass (Ca): 40.078 g/mol

Atomic Mass (Cl): 35.453 g/mol

Molar Mass (CaCl₂): 40.078 g/mol + 2(35.453 g/mol)

Molar Mass (CaCl₂): 110.984 g/mol

(Step 3)

CaCl₂ = 1 atom Ca and 2 atoms Cl

1 atom Ca = 40.078 g/mol

   40.078 g Ca
--------------------------  x  100%  =  36.1% Ca
 110.984 g CaCl₂

The balanced neclear equation for alpha emission will be:

[tex]88Ra^2^2^3 --- > 86Rn^2^1^9 + 2He^4[/tex]

Radioactive decay occurs when unstable isotopes have their nuclei ruptured due to atomic instability. To understand why an isotope disintegrates, we need to look at the atomic nucleus. It is known that the nucleus is loaded with positive particles (protons), and that these are very close to each other. It is also true that particles with equal charges repel each other. Therefore, the proximity of the protons causes them to start to repel each other, in an attempt to take up as much space as possible. In view of this, the nucleus breaks, as it cannot bear these repellent charges.

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Yes, recrystallization from water would be a viable technique of purification if crude acetanilide contained sugar and charcoal. Due to their physical insolubility, charcoal found in crude acetanilide and water will form a heterogeneous combination. Charcoal will separate during crystallization because it is insoluble in water. Sugar and the unreconstituted crude acetanilide make up the remaining portion of the combination. Crude acetanilide will crystallize in this combination and separate from the sugar and water solution. Filtration will be used to capture the crude acetanilide that has solidified. Sugar and water make a soluble solution, thus they are kept separate. This is how the charcoal and sugar combination is purified and its constituent parts are separated from crude acetanilide using the recrystallization process from water.

The major product formed will be : 2-aminophenyl ethyl ketone

The NO₂ group (-nitro group) on reduction will form a NH₂ group (-amino group).

The molarity of the solution will be 4.97 M.

It is the number of moles of solutes per 1 liter of solvent or solution.

Mole of 34.1 g NaCl = 34.1/58.44 = 0.5835 mol

117.3 mL = 117.3/1000 = 0.1173 L

Molarity of the solution = 0.5835/0.1173 = 4.97 M

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The highlighted apparatus are;

1) stirring rod

2) crucible

The term chemical reaction refers to the process by which two or more substances are combined to form a product. The product may look like or different from the reactants that were combined to produce it.

Now we can see the set up that was used as shown for the reaction of  dilute nitric acid with lead(II) oxide to prepare lead(II) nitrate.

The highlighted apparatus are;

1) stirring rod

2) crucible

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