Administering a non-hydrolyzable form of gtp to a cell affect its g protein-coupled signal transduction pathways would - The pathways would not turn off.
What makes G protein inactivation in G protein coupled receptors happen?The inactivated G-protein complex interacts with the receptor when a neurotransmitter binds to a G-protein-coupled receptor. The G-protein complex is then activated as a result of the GDP molecule being converted into a GTP molecule.
How can G protein coupled receptors activate signaling pathways?Many extracellular signals are detected by G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which then transmit these signals to heterotrimeric G proteins, which further transmit these signals intracellular to the proper downstream effectors. These heterotrimeric G proteins play a crucial role in various signaling pathways.
The GTP-bound form is an active conformation that activates the signal transduction, and the hydrolysis of bound GTP to bound ODP is necessary to change the conformation to an inactive form and turn off the signal transduction.
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many of the changes that accompany menopause are caused by the drop in the circulating levels of __________.
Many of the changes that accompany menopause are caused by the drop in the circulating levels of estrogen.
Estrogens are a group of hormones that play a significant part in normal sexual and reproductive development in women. They are furthermore sex hormones. The woman's ovaries create most estrogen hormones, although the adrenal glands and fat cells also make little amounts of the hormones. In proliferation to control the menstrual cycle, estrogen affects the reproductive tract, the urinary tract, the heart and blood vessels, bones, breasts, skin, hair, mucous membranes, pelvic muscles, and the brain. Numerous organ systems and the brain are affected by estrogen.
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mitotic cell division is never used by organisms as a means of reproduction.
In order to reproduce, organisms never need mitotic cell division. This statement is false.
While mitotic cell division is not typically used by organisms as a means of sexual reproduction, it is often used in asexual reproduction, which is a common strategy for many organisms.
In asexual reproduction, a single individual can produce genetically identical offspring through mitotic cell division. This is seen in many single-celled organisms, such as bacteria and protozoa, as well as in some multicellular organisms, such as hydra and some species of plants.
However, in sexual reproduction, meiotic cell division is used to produce genetically diverse offspring. This allows for greater genetic variability within a population, which can be advantageous for adaptation and evolution.
Complete question:
Mitotic cell division is never used by organisms as a means of reproduction. True or false.
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what is the second messenger in the g protein-coupled protein kinase pathway stimulated by epinephrine in liver cells?
In the G protein-coupled protein kinase pathway stimulated by epinephrine in liver cells, cyclic AMP (cAMP) serves as the second messenger.
Epinephrine binds to and activates the beta-adrenergic receptor on the surface of liver cells, which in turn activates a G protein, Gs, leading to the activation of adenylate cyclase.
Adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cAMP, which then diffuses through the cytoplasm and activates protein kinase A (PKA). PKA then phosphorylates a variety of target proteins in the cell, leading to a diverse set of responses.
In liver cells, the activation of the G protein-coupled protein kinase pathway by epinephrine leads to an increase in glycogen breakdown and glucose production, which helps to increase blood glucose levels in response to stress or exercise.
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HELP PLEASE ILL MARK AS BRAINLIEST!!!!!
Figure 3 shows folding. Rocks are usually deposited flat and level. If you see them tilted or folded, the tilt ot fold came after the layers were made. What could have caused the folding?
Answer:
They tilt and fold due to tectonic activity, and river cuttings can cause gaps among the layers.
describe the role that valves play in returning blood to the heart:Valves keep blood from flowing backward in the vein allowing it to flow toward the heart.
Valves play a crucial role in returning blood to the heart by preventing blood from flowing backward in the veins, which would impede the flow of blood toward the heart.
Veins are the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the rest of the body. Unlike arteries, veins do not have a thick muscular layer, and the pressure of blood flowing through them is relatively low.
To prevent the backflow of blood, veins contain one-way valves that open and close as blood flows through them. These valves are small flaps of tissue that are located inside the veins and are designed to open and allow blood to flow toward the heart, and then close to prevent the blood from flowing backward. The valves are spaced evenly along the length of the vein and ensure that the blood is propelled toward the heart in a unidirectional flow.
As blood flows through a vein, the valve in front of it opens, allowing blood to pass through, and then quickly closes to prevent the backflow of blood. When the next valve downstream opens, blood is able to flow through that section of the vein, and the process repeats itself. This one-way flow of blood is critical to maintaining proper circulation and ensures that blood is continually moving toward the heart.
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a ___________ is a type of muscular contraction not accompanied by movement of the joint. resistance applied to the contraction increases muscle tension without producing movement of the joint.
A Isometric movements is a type of muscular contraction not accompanied by movement of the joint. resistance applied to the contraction increases muscle tension without producing movement of the joint.
What three types of muscle contractions are there?Contractions: Types 1 Muscles can contract in three different ways: eccentrically, isometrically, and concentrically. It might be a little deceptive to refer to eccentric contraction as "contraction" because, during this form of contraction, the sarcomere lengthens.
What kind of muscle contraction doesn't result in a change in the angle or movement of the bone?Muscle Action Isometric (Isometric Contraction)-
Actually, what stays constant isn't muscle length but joint angle. Since the word "contraction" itself refers to "shortening," isometric contraction, like all other types of muscular contraction, entails internal movement processes that shorten the muscle fibers.
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if we observe a trait occurs in only two forms in a population, we can conclude that inheritance of the trait is
Organisms acquire characteristics from their parents through inheritance. These characteristics are referred to as traits. Every individual has a unique set of qualities that make them unique.
Mendel's laws on inheritance describe what?As per Mendel's law of inheritance, The alleles for every gene segregate from one another during gamete production, resulting in each gamete having just one copy of each gene. Independent assortment: During the development of gametes, genes for various features can segregate independently.
Mendel's first rule of inheritance is what?Mendel's First Law, also known as the law of segregation, states that during the development of a gamete, each member of an allelic pairing separates from each other member to create the gamete's genetic makeup.
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Considering the processes through telophase I and cytokinesis I, how do the two cells differ at the end of telophase I and cytokinesis I (in male cells)?
Spermatogenesis is the process through which male cells or male gametes are formed. The spermatogonia (a diploid cell) undergoes meiotic division during spermatogenesis to create four haploid spermatids.
Telophase sees the completion of chromosome division, whereas cytokinesis sees the completion of cell division. Only complete separation of homologous chromosomes and division of the spermatogonia nucleus occur during telophase I. I, the cytoplasm, cellular organelles, and the plasma membrane separate during cytokinesis, resulting in the production of two distinct daughter cells from the spermatogonia, which then undergoes the second meiotic division.
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plasmodesmata enable metabolic communication between _____
Plasmodesmata enable the metabolic communication between the cytoplasm of plant cells.
Plasmodesmata is the membranous channel formed between two plant cells. Along with the cytoplasm and plasma membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum of the two cells are also connected. This channel enables the transfer of various molecules from cell to another.
Cytoplasm is the gel-like liquid material present inside the cell. It comprises of water, organic molecules, salts, etc. The cytoplasm provides the correct environment for the various cell organelles to reside and perform their functions. Various functions are also performed in the cytoplasm itself like the protein synthesis, cell expansion, etc.
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What is the energy required to change a solid to a liquid?
The quantity of heat energy necessary to turn a solid into a liquid now at boiling point is known as latent heat of fusion.
What are instances of solids to liquids?Ice to water: When left outside at temperatures higher than 32 degrees, ice has melted back into water. Rocks can be heated in volcanoes until they become molten lava. Metals like steel or bronze can be melted down into a molten liquid.
Is there a chemical change when a solid becomes a liquid?Physical changes cause molecules to move but not to change. Changes in government are just a few of the physical changes. separation of a combination.
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Drag each label to the correct location on the image.
Match each digestive juice or enzyme to the organ where it performs.
hydrochloric acid
saliva
pancreatic juices
Saliva is released from the salivary gland, and hydrochloric acid is released from the stomach. Thus, the correct option for 1 is saliva, 2 is hydrochloric acid, and 3 is pancreatic juice.
What are digestive juices?Enzymes, which quicken bodily chemical reactions, are present in digestive fluids and help break down food into its various components. salivary ducts. Food is moistened by saliva from the salivary glands, which helps it pass more smoothly past the esophagus and into the stomach.
Saliva is released from the salivary gland, hydrochloric acid is released from the stomach, and pancreatic juice is secreted from the pancreas. Thus, the correct option for 1 is saliva, 2 is hydrochloric acid, and 3 is pancreatic juice.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the full question is this:
Drag each label to the correct location on the image.
Match each digestive juice or enzyme to the organ where it performs.
hydrochloric acid
saliva
pancreatic juices
The image is attached below:
the ability of a cell to move or self-propel through an aqueous environment is known as
The ability of a cell to move or self-propel through an aqueous environment is known as motility.
What is cell motility?Cell motility is the capacity of cells to move or drive themselves through their surroundings. This movement is required for a variety of biological activities, including cell formation, immunological responses, wound healing, and cancer cell metastasis. Crawling, swimming, and contracting are all methods used by different cell types for movement. Some cells, for example, move by extending and contracting cytoplasmic protrusions known as pseudopodia, while others float through fluid using flagella or cilia. A complex combination of cytoskeletal components, adhesion molecules, and molecular motors generates and transmits forces, allowing cells to alter shape and move in response to internal and external signals.
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According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium,
A. given enough time, most existing species will gradually give rise to new species.
B. transitional fossils, intermediate between newer species and their parent species, should be abundant.
C. natural selection is unimportant as a mechanism of evolution.
D. a new species accumulates most of its unique features as it comes into existence.
E. evolution of new species features long periods during which changes are occurring, interspersed with short periods of equilibrium, or stasis.
The correct answer is E. Evolution of new species features long periods during which changes are occurring, interspersed with short periods of equilibrium, or stasis.
According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium, the evolution of new species occurs during long periods of time during which changes are occurring, interspersed with short periods of equilibrium, or stasis. In other words, evolutionary change tends to occur in relatively rapid bursts, separated by periods of little or no change. This model suggests that speciation events are relatively rare and that most species remain relatively stable over long periods of time. The idea was first proposed by Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould in 1972 as an alternative to the traditional gradualist model of evolution.
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what device can be used to monitor both time and temperature abuse during the shipment or storage of food?
A data logger or temperature monitoring device is commonly used to monitor both time and temperature during the shipment or storage of food.
These devices are designed to accurately measure and record temperature readings at set intervals, and can provide a detailed history of the temperature profile during storage or transportation. Some of these devices also have the capability to monitor multiple temperature points, making them suitable for use in large refrigerated containers, trucks, or other food storage facilities.
The data collected by these devices can be easily transferred to a computer for analysis and interpretation, allowing food safety professionals to assess the extent of temperature abuse and take appropriate corrective actions if necessary.
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what is the name of the process by which green plant make their owm food
The name of process through which green plant make their own food is known as Photosynthesis.
What is Photosynthesis?Photosynthesis may be defined as a type of process through which green plants and some algae synthesize their own food in form of glucose with the help of carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.
The complete reaction of photosynthesis is as follows:
[tex]6CO_2+12H_2O[/tex] → [tex]C_6H_1_2O_6+6O_2+6H_2O[/tex].With the help of the above reaction, it is clear that carbon dioxide and water are the reactants of the process while glucose and oxygen are the products.
Therefore, the name of the process through which green plants make their own food is known as Photosynthesis.
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What is the difference between species richness and evenness?
The quantity of different types of species in an ecosystem is measured by species richness. A high number of different species in a habitat indicates greater species richness and a more diverse ecosystem.
Species evenness is a measure of each species' relative abundance. The total number of species is referred to as species richness. Species evenness describes how evenly dispersed the species are within a given community.
The quantity of distinct species is measured by species richness, whereas species evenness indicates whether the environment has a dominant species or has equivalent abundances of all species. The single most significant component of species diversity is species richness. Another important factor is the consistency of species relative abundances.
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how much types of tissue in the body?
There are four main types of tissues in the human body, each with its unique structure, function, and location. These four types of tissues are Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue, Muscle tissue, and Nervous tissue.
Epithelial tissue: This tissue covers the surfaces of the body, both inside and outside, and lines the body's organs and cavities. It provides protection, secretion, and absorption and can be further classified into simple, stratified, squamous, cuboidal, and columnar epithelia.
Connective tissue: This tissue connects, supports, and anchors various structures of the body. It includes bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, blood, and lymphatic tissue.
Muscle tissue: This tissue is responsible for body movement, both voluntary and involuntary. There are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
Nervous tissue: This tissue is composed of specialized cells called neurons and is responsible for transmitting and receiving signals between different parts of the body. It forms the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
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ferns, like bryophytes and lycophytes, can only survive in places that are constantly wet. TRUE OR FALSE
False. Ferns, like bryophytes and lycophytes, can survive in a variety of environments, including both wet and dry habitats.
How are ferns able to survive in these conditions?
Bryophytes, such as mosses, are commonly found in moist environments, such as in forests, where they can receive constant moisture from the surrounding environment.
Lycophytes, such as club mosses, are also found in moist habitats, but they can also tolerate drier conditions, such as in sandy soils or rocky outcrops.
Ferns, on the other hand, are more versatile and can survive in a variety of habitats, including moist forests, but they can also survive in drier habitats, such as rocky cliffs, or even deserts. Ferns are capable of adapting to different environmental conditions, and they have a range of adaptations that allow them to conserve water and survive in dry conditions.
In conclusion, while bryophytes and lycophytes can tolerate a range of environmental conditions, they are most commonly found in moist habitats, while ferns can survive in a variety of environments, including both wet and dry habitats.
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Select the descriptions that apply to the ribosome. 1. a molecular structure that is the site of protein synthesis 2. a cellular structure that is composed of both RNA and protein
The ribosome fits both categories.
What is ribosome?The cellular process of protein synthesis is carried out by ribosomes. They are ribonucleoprotein complexes because they contain both RNA and protein.
All living cells, including those of humans and bacteria, include ribosomes, which are either free to move around in the cytoplasm or, in eukaryotic cells, are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) contains information that is used by ribosomes to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains, which will later fold into functional proteins. This process is known as protein synthesis. In order for cells to operate properly, ribosomes are crucial to life.
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What is aseptic techniques in media preparation?
To decrease contamination from germs, aseptic technique uses target-specific practises and procedures under adequately controlled settings. To perform laboratory research for culture medium in the area of microbiology.
A growth medium, also known as a culture medium, is a substance used to encourage cell division in order to develop populations of bacteria, cells, or microscopic plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens. It can be solid, liquid, or semi-solid. Various cell types are grown in various types of medium. The two primary types of growth media are those used in cell culture, which employs particular cell types obtained from plants or animals, and those used in microbiological culture, which is used to cultivate microorganisms like bacteria or fungi.
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Sunspots are darker than the regions of the Sun around them because
As a result of the fact that they are colder than other Sun-surface regions. A sunspot's temperature is still extremely high, at about 6,500 degrees Fahrenheit.
Sunspots: Are they darker than the Sun?According to NASA, sunspots are significantly cooler and release roughly 25% as much light as the rest of the sun, which is why they appear so much darker than the rest of the visible surface of the sun, or photosphere.
What are the sunspots' two key attributes?There are two basic components to sunspots: a penumbra that surrounds the umbra in the centre. The magnetic field is highest and almost vertical, or normal, to the Sun's surface, or photosphere, in the umbra, which is a sunspot's darkest area.
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True/False. a heterozygote in a diploid individual would have 2 different alleles at the designated locus.
True. A heterozygote in a diploid individual would have 2 different alleles at the designated locus.
A gene region where there are two distinct alleles present. One normal allele and one mutant allele, or two distinct mutated alleles, can make up a heterozygous genotype (compound heterozygote).
What are some examples of heterozygote advantage?The instance of sickle cell anemia is a well-known illustration of heterozygote advantage in humans. The first hereditary disease to be linked to a particular genetic mutation, a single letter (base) alteration in the DNA of a gene generating a component of hemoglobin, was sickle cell anemia.
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What feature of wetlands allows larger particles and chemicals to settle and adsorb to the sediment?
Large ponds are used to remove sediment from constructed wetlands because they allow for the dispersion of water velocities, which causes sediment particles to fall out of the water column and settle at the bottom of a basin, which must then be cleaned frequently.
Wetland is a complex ecosystem that is defined by flooding or soil saturation. This low oxygen environment favours a particular assembly of plants, animals, & bacteria that have evolved to withstand periods of stagnant or slowly moving water.
Physical, chemical, & biological processes work together in wetlands to remove plant nutrients from the environment. When water slowly moves through the marsh, the found naturally processes adsorb/absorb, convert, sequester, and eliminate the nutrients as well as other contaminants.
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What is a landform simple?
A landform is a natural feature or shapes on the surface of the Earth that is created by geological or geomorphological processes.
Landforms can be found in a variety of sizes, shapes, and elevations, and they can be classified into several categories based on their characteristics. Some examples of landforms include mountains, hills, valleys, plateaus, canyons, deserts, plains, coastlines, and islands. Landforms can be created by a variety of natural processes, such as erosion, deposition, tectonic activity, volcanic activity, and weathering.
Landforms can also play an important role in shaping the physical and biological characteristics of an area.
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Walking along a large city park on a hot summer day, you look for a cool resting place and sit down on a large rock under a willow tree, at the quiet edge of a stream. You have searched for and found an example of a
population.
landscape.
microclimate.
biome.
You looked for and discovered a microclimate example. C is the right response. On a hot summer day, you are strolling through a sizable city park when you decide to stop and take a break.
You find a large rock beneath a willow tree, close to a quiet stream.
The climate of a relatively small or restricted area is referred to as a microclimate, particularly when it initially deviates from the climate in the immediate vicinity. Even if it's very hot outside, there will be a cool microclimate here by the stream's edge, under the tree, or on the rock.
Hills, mountains, and water features that are unique to a given area have a direct impact on the microclimate there.
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In general, a signal transmitted via phosphorylation of a series of proteins _____.
A. generates ATP in the process of signal transduction
B. activates a transcription event
C. results in a conformational change to each protein
D. requires binding of a hormone to an intracellular receptor
Transduction: The receptor protein is altered in some way when the signalling molecule attaches to it. The transduction process is started by this modification.
Cells frequently adopt a multi-step route that delivers the signal fast while amplifying the signal to several molecules at each stage because signaling systems need to be responsive to modest concentrations of chemical signals and act swiftly.
Usually, there are numerous phases in the process of signal transduction. The following molecule in the signal transduction cascade is altered by each relay molecule.
Phosphate groups are often added to or removed during signal transduction pathway steps, activating proteins as a result. Protein kinases are enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from ATP to a protein. Protein kinases make up a large portion of the relay molecules in a signal transduction pathway and frequently interact with other protein kinases in the circuit. This frequently starts a chain reaction known as a phosphorylation cascade, in which one enzyme phosphorylates another, which then phosphorylates another protein.
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What is the correct sequence of processes involved in central dogma?
A Replication, transcription, translation
B Replication, translation, transcription
C Translation, replication, transcription
D Transcription, replication, translation
replication, translation, and transcription The fundamental idea of molecular biology is the description of the mobility on mitochondrial dna inside a single biological system.
What is the correct sequence for the fundamental dogma?The essential idea behind molecular biology is that RNA copies DNA, which contains the blueprints for making proteins. RNA then uses the instructions to make a protein. The procedure is Mtdna to Mrna to Protein, to put it succinctly.
What biological processes support the core idea of genetics?The two processes of both transcription and translation make up the fundamental dogma. Eukaryotic cells' nuclei are where replication happens. Using the DNA template, it creates the RNA molecule messenger RNA (mRNA).
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The sexually reproducing corn has kernels that are either purple or yellow, and smooth or wrinkled. Which of Mendel's laws does the farmer's corn best support?
Due to the fact that each trait's genes are inherited individually, the law of independent assortment is the best to support the farmer's corn.
What is the law of independent assortment?The development of reproductive cells causes various genes to separately separate from one another, according to the Principle of Independent Assortment.
During his research on the genetics of pea plants in 1865, Gregor Mendel made the first observation of an independent assortment of genes and their related phenotypes.
Therefore, different qualities are inherited independently of one another, according to the Law of Independent Assortment.
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Approximately 1 out of every 2,500 Caucasians in the United States is born with the recessive disease cystic fibrosis. According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation, approximately what percentage of people are carriers?
3.92% of Caucasians in the United States are carriers of the cystic fibrosis allele.
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation describes the relationship between the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population that is not undergoing any evolutionary changes. It states that, under certain assumptions, the frequencies of alleles and genotypes will remain constant from generation to generation.
In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of carriers can be calculated using the equation:
2pq = frequency of carriers
where p is the frequency of the dominant allele and q is the frequency of the recessive allele.
Given that cystic fibrosis is a recessive disease and occurs in approximately 1 out of every 2,500 Caucasians in the United States, we can assume that q² = 1/2500, where q is the frequency of the recessive allele. We can solve for q:
q² = 1/2500
q = √(1/2500)
q = 0.02
Since q represents the frequency of the recessive allele, p must equal 1 - q, or 0.98.
Using the equation for carriers, we get:
2pq = 2(0.98)(0.02) = 0.0392
Therefore, approximately 3.92% of Caucasians in the United States are carriers of the cystic fibrosis allele.
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The insertion of the extensor digitorum branches into __________.
four tendons
two tendons
three tendons
five tendons
The insertion of the extensor digitorum branches into four tendons.
What Bone is the location of a Extensor Digitorum Insertion?The antebrachial fascia, the intermuscular septa that connects it to the surrounding muscles, and the lateral epicondyle of a humerus are the sources of the extensor digitorum muscle.
On which muscles does the extensor expansion attach?The lumbrical muscles that make up the extensor expansion and the insertion tendons of the plantar interossei strengthen these slips.
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