in 1850 and 1852, california passed laws that charged a tax on foreign miners. these taxes were aimed at the large numbers of immigrant miners drawn by the gold rush from which country?

Dred Scott believed he should be freed from slavery because he had lived in free territories and states with his owner, including Illinois and Wisconsin Territory.

The Dred Scott case is a crucial example of the injustice of slavery in the United States. Dred Scott was an enslaved man who had lived in both free territories and states with his owner, including Illinois and Wisconsin Territory.

As such, Scott believed he should be freed from slavery, leading him to take his case all the way to the Supreme Court. Ultimately, Scott was denied his freedom in a decision that demonstrated the cruelty of slavery in the United States and denied the rights of African Americans.

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The similarity of Russian and French revolution are revolt against the ruling class due to social and economic injustice and it led to change in social and political structure of the countries.

The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the French Revolution of 1789 were two significant events that had a profound impact on their respective countries and the world at large. While there are differences between the two revolutions, there are also similarities in their characteristics.

One key similarity between the two revolutions is that both were fueled by social and economic grievances. In France, the ruling monarchy and aristocracy were seen as oppressive and corrupt, while in Russia, the Tsarist regime was viewed as autocratic and backward. Both revolutions were driven by popular demands for greater political participation, social justice, and economic opportunity.

Another similarity is that both revolutions led to radical political and social transformations. In France, the revolution resulted in the establishment of a democratic republic and the abolition of feudal privileges and the monarchy. Similarly, in Russia, the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Tsarist regime and established the world's first socialist state.

Both revolutions also had far-reaching consequences beyond their respective borders. The French Revolution inspired movements for democratic reform and the spread of revolutionary ideals throughout Europe and beyond. Similarly, the Russian Revolution led to the spread of communism and socialist ideas around the world, which had a significant impact on global politics and economics in the twentieth century.

Finally, both revolutions were marked by violence and political repression. The French Revolution was characterized by the Reign of Terror, in which thousands of people were executed for political reasons. Similarly, the Russian Revolution led to a period of violent civil war and political repression under the Bolshevik regime, which saw the persecution of political opponents and the suppression of dissent.

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The statement "Northerners understood that citizenship included the right to a passport, a claim to protection by the government, and other rights, which today we generally call civil liberties" is true.

Civil liberties are the rights and freedoms that the government must not infringe upon. It covers a wide range of issues, including but not limited to freedom of speech, the right to privacy, the right to a fair trial, and the right to vote, to mention a few.

Citizenship is the status of being a member of a country or nation and having legal rights and privileges as a result of that membership.

It entails duties and obligations, such as paying taxes, obeying the law, and defending the country when required. In most countries, citizens are required to have a passport to travel internationally, which is also seen as a right or benefit granted to citizens.

Northerners, like all Americans, understood that citizenship included not just the right to vote and participate in democratic activities but also the right to a passport, which allowed them to travel freely, a claim to protection by the government, and other rights, which today we generally call civil liberties.

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Option-D. A written constitution and wider suffrage. European liberals in the first half of the nineteenth century typically supported a written constitution and wider suffrage.

Liberals are people who believe in the principles of liberalism, a political ideology based on equality, freedom, and human rights. Liberals are opposed to authoritarianism, fascism, and conservatism, preferring social and political change that allows for greater individual autonomy and freedom.Liberals believe that people should be free to do whatever they want, as long as their actions do not harm others.

They also believe in equal rights, regardless of gender, race, sexuality, religion, or any other factor that is beyond an individual's control. As a result, liberals support social policies that promote equality and freedom, such as universal healthcare, legalizing gay marriage, and banning discrimination against minorities.The term "liberal" originated in the 18th century, during the Enlightenment, as a way of describing people who were opposed to the traditional monarchies and aristocracies that dominated Europe.Thus the correct answer is option-D.

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The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were passed in the aftermath of the Civil War and codified the victory of the North.

It is asked to list the constitutional changes that were approved in the years following the Civil War and officially recognized the North's victory

After the Civil War, the following constitutional changes were made, which officially recognized the North's victory:

13th Amendment: Except as a punishment for a crime, the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution banned slavery and involuntary servitude. It was approved On December 6, 1865.

14th Amendment: On July 9, 1868, the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified. It guaranteed all citizens equal protection under the law and gave citizenship to anybody born or naturalised in the country, including freed slaves.

15th Amendment: The 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution forbade the government from denying a citizen the right to vote on the grounds of race, colour, or prior slavery. It was ratified on February 3, 1870.

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With a vision of a society where every child has access to education and leisure is valued for personal growth, Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society was a collection of domestic programmes aimed at reducing poverty and increasing equality.

African American residents are purposefully subjected to persecution and denial of the most fundamental rights because to the colour of their skin, the author of the proposed Civil Rights Bill has argued before Congress.

Every child can find knowledge to broaden their talents and to extend their minds in The Great Society. It is a location where downtime is not feared as a source of boredom but rather a welcome opportunity to grow and ponder.

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A betrayal of Germany and a national humiliation.

Explanation:

Hitler believed that Germany had been betrayed by its leaders in surrendering in 1918. He felt a military victory was still a possibility.

He also felt that the extremely punitive measures on Germany contained in the Treaty of Versailles were humiliating and needed to be overcome.

Such attitudes were also related to his anti-semitism. He blamed Jewish financiers for starting the war.

These attitudes dominated Hitler's foreign policy from his re-occupation of the Rhineland and re-armament both of which broke the Treaty of Versailles, to his occupation of Austria, the Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia, and finally the attack on Poland which started World War 2.

Political leaders like Henry Clay supported an economic plan called the American System during the 1800s. The goal of this plan is to harmonize and balance the nation's agriculture, commerce, and industry .

Henry Clay's "American System," which was created in the frenzy of nationalism that followed the War of 1812, is one of the most historically significant examples of a government-sponsored effort to synchronize and balance the nation's agriculture, trade, and industry. A national bank to promote trade, a tariff to support and safeguard American industry, and government finance for infrastructure projects like roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to create viable markets for agricultural products made comprised this "System three "'s interdependent parts.

Roads, canals, and bridges received financial support under the American System. Trade would be made easier and markets would be more accessible thanks to these infrastructure upgrades. Taxes and the sale of public land would also generate revenue.

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Yes, it was the duty of U. S  and the international community to make sure that the new government in Afghanistan ensures women there can maintain their right to education and freedom because

But in Afghanistan, girls and women are no longer allowed to go to secondary school or pursue higher education, depriving them of this crucial independence. This awful decision increases the likelihood that the tremendous educational gains made over the past 20 years, despite enormous difficulties, will be undone.

After the Taliban seized power in Afghanistan in August 2021, women are not even allowed to vote or sit on the judiciary. In Afghanistan, women and girls are now required to adhere to a strict dress code and are not permitted to go more than 75 kilometres alone. They must continue to be at home.

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Henry Hudson had a significant impact on European societies. The Dutch colonized these regions as a result of his voyage of New York and his discovery of the Hudson River in 1609. Around this region, the Dutch seized control of their first settlement, New Amsterdam, in 1625.

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Federalists believed in all of the following except a. The government should have more power than the people

The Federalists favoured a strong central government and thought that authority should be vested in a select group of skilled individuals. As a result, it is only partially accurate to say that they thought "the government should have greater power than the people." This is because they supported a balance of power between the two.

However, option c. is erroneous because they did not think that the central government should be weak. Option d. is likewise inaccurate because they did not think states' rights were unimportant. As a result, the Federalists supported a strong central government and the consolidation of power in the hands of talented leaders but did not believe that the government should have greater power than the people.

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Native American tribes residing east of the Mississippi were forced to relocate as a result of the Indian Removal Act of 1830.

All Indians were members of well-established societies with established political systems, moral standards, and religious convictions. Everyone of them had made adaptations to their unique environments. Land was held communally and used cooperatively; the concept of private land ownership was alien.

The Chickasaw, whose name derives from the Muskhogean word for "to sit," were a sizable, powerful, and warlike tribe who lived in northeastern Mississippi around the heads of the Tombigbee and Tallahatchie rivers.

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The sentence "Charles V is assuming rule over the Hapsburg empire" best describes the scene depicted in the image. The image likely shows Charles V being crowned or sworn in as the new ruler of the Hapsburg empire.

Charles V was a powerful monarch who ruled over the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 to 1556. He inherited the Hapsburg empire, which included territories in present-day Spain, Austria, and the Netherlands, from his grandfather. Charles V was known for his political and military skills, and he played a key role in the religious and political conflicts of his time, including the Reformation and the Ottoman wars.

The act of assuming rule over an empire was a significant event for a monarch and often involved elaborate ceremonies and rituals. In the case of Charles V, assuming rule over the Hapsburg empire would have been a momentous occasion that marked the beginning of his reign as one of the most powerful rulers of his time.

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The event in Ukraine that caused international attention to focus on possible Russian annexation of Narva is Russia's annexation of Crimea. Crimea is a peninsula in the Black Sea that was part of Ukraine before it was annexed by Russia in 2014.

What is annexation?Annexation is the process of adding or attaching a territory to another larger or more significant country, state, or entity. It is typically used in the context of political or territorial expansion or control. Russia annexed Crimea from Ukraine, which caused international attention to focus on possible Russian annexation of Narva.What is Narva?Narva is a city in Estonia that borders Russia. It is located in the northeastern part of the country and has a population of about 55,000 people. The city is strategically important because it is located on the Narva River, which forms part of the border between Estonia and Russia. It is also close to the Baltic Sea, which makes it a potential location for a Russian naval base.In conclusion, Russia's annexation of Crimea has caused international attention to focus on possible Russian annexation of Narva. Narva is strategically important because it is located on the Narva River, which forms part of the border between Estonia and Russia, and is close to the Baltic Sea, which makes it a potential location for a Russian naval base.

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The industry that brought on the most difference in the profitable development of East Texas during the early 1900s was A) oil.

The discovery of oil in East Texas in 1901 marked the start of a increase in the place's frugality. The oil industriousness added sizeable funding, activity chances, and profitable growth to the area, converting it from a initially farming location to an synthetic one.

The discovery of the East Texas Oil subject within the 1930s solidified the area's function as a major oil manufacturer, and the assiduity keeps to play a enormous part in the area's frugality to at the moment. even as cattle and cotton were also crucial diligence in East Texas all through this time, the effect of the oil assiduity at the place's profitable development was unequaled .

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Answer: THEY BROKE

Explanation: The south used pretty much all their resources, men, and money on the Civil War just to lose, they almost won...but didn't so their men and economy would absolutely obliterated

Giving this to a witness means that he or she is free from the threat of prosecution - immunity. Therefore the answer to the question is option D, immunity.

The term immunity refers to the condition in which the witness is given freedom from the threat of prosecution. Immunity is granted to a witness when it is essential for him to provide testimony in a criminal or civil proceeding, yet he or she would be incriminated as a result.

However, the prosecution cannot utilize the witness's testimony or any evidence gathered as a result of that testimony to prove the witness's guilt. Non-use immunity: It is the least protective of the types of immunity.

The immunity prevents the prosecution from utilizing the witness's testimony in any criminal prosecution but does not protect the witness from any criminal charges. The prosecutor can utilize evidence gained from other sources to charge the witness.

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The atomic bombings of Japan contributed significantly to the end of World War II and the subsequent victory over Japan, which was celebrated as V-J Day (Victory in Japan Day) on August 15, 1945.

The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which took place on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively, resulted in massive destruction and loss of life, with estimates of between 129,000 and 226,000 fatalities. The bombings convinced the Japanese government to surrender unconditionally, which led to the formal announcement of Japan's surrender on August 15, 1945, and the end of the war. V-J Day marked the end of hostilities and the beginning of a new era of peace, although it was also a time of mourning and reflection on the devastation caused by the atomic bombings.

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Answer:

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During the early post-World War II years, US foreign policy leaders viewed the Soviet Union as a major geopolitical threat and an ideological adversary. This period is commonly known as the Cold War, a period of political tension and military rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union.

US policymakers, including President Truman and his advisors, believed that the Soviet Union sought to spread communism around the world and threatened the global balance of power. They saw the Soviet Union as expansionist and aggressive, particularly in Eastern Europe, where the USSR had installed communist governments in several countries.

The US foreign policy leaders adopted a containment policy, which aimed to prevent the spread of communism and Soviet influence through diplomatic, economic, and military means. The US also established a network of alliances, including NATO, to protect Western Europe from Soviet aggression.

The US foreign policy leaders also saw the Soviet Union as a military threat, particularly after the USSR successfully tested its own atomic bomb in 1949. The US responded by investing heavily in its military, including the development of its own nuclear weapons.

Overall, US foreign policy leaders viewed the Soviet Union as a significant threat to US national security and sought to contain Soviet influence and expansion through various means.

The factor that contributed the most to the development of Renaissance Italy was that city-states in Italy had become wealthy from trade.

The Renaissance was an intellectual, cultural, and artistic movement that emerged in Italy in the late 14th century and spread across Europe over the next two centuries. The Renaissance was born in Florence, and it rapidly spread to other city-states in Italy, including Venice, Genoa, and Milan.

During the Renaissance period, the Italian city-states grew rich from trade, and they became the economic and cultural centers of Europe. As the cities grew wealthy, they became centers of learning and culture, and the Italian city-states became the birthplace of the Renaissance.

Therefore, the factor that contributed the most to the development of Renaissance Italy was that city-states in Italy had become wealthy from trade.

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The factor that contributed most to the development of Renaissance Italy was the city-states in Italy had become wealthy from trade.Overall, the factor that contributed most to the development of Renaissance Italy was the city-states in Italy had become wealthy from trade.

The period of the Renaissance saw an enormous increase in the level of wealth, power, and influence of the Italian city-states. As a result, Italy became the center of the western world's art, commerce, and intellectual pursuits. The period saw a renewed interest in classical art, literature, and science, as well as an explosion in artistic and architectural creativity.The Renaissance was a period of significant changes that resulted in the emergence of humanism, which was a set of values and beliefs that stressed the importance of individual potential and achievements. During this time, humanists became interested in the study of classical texts, which emphasized the importance of the arts, sciences, and intellectual pursuits. Moreover, the Italian city-states became wealthy from trade, which allowed them to invest in education, art, and culture, thus contributing to the development of the Renaissance in Italy. Additionally, the Renaissance was characterized by a flourishing of the arts, and Italy was the center of artistic creativity, which attracted artists and intellectuals from all over the world. Overall, the factor that contributed most to the development of Renaissance Italy was the city-states in Italy had become wealthy from trade.

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The growth of organized crime was a direct effect of prohibition. Prohibition was a time in the United States that lasted from 1920 to 1933, during which the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquors were prohibited.

Prohibition was a nationwide ban on the sale, production, importation, and transportation of alcohol from 1920 to 1933 in the United States. It was created through the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which was repealed by the 21st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1933.

During this period of prohibition, the illegal market for alcohol soared. This created a breeding ground for bootlegging, organized crime, and speakeasies. The growth of organized crime was a direct result of prohibition. Bootleggers produced, smuggled, and sold illegal alcohol, and the resulting violence and criminal activity were widespread.

The 19th Amendment is a women's suffrage amendment that was passed in 1920, which gave women the right to vote in federal elections. It has nothing to do with the prohibition. The growth of organized crime is a direct effect of prohibition. Greater awareness of the dangers of overconsumption and troubles with Asia as a result of the illegal importation of alcohol are indirect effects of prohibition.

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He was a French philosopher who developed many political theories in the spirit of law. He was Charles Louis de Seconda, Baron de la Bled, de Montesquieu.

Montesquieu, entirely Charles-Louis de Seconda, Baron de la Bled et de Montesquieu, (born 18 January 1689, Chateau La Bled near Bordeaux, France – February 1755 10th, born in Paris), French political philosopher, whose principal work, The Spirit of Law, was an important contribution to political theory.

Montesquieu's father, Jacques de Seconda, belonged to an old military family of modest fortune, who were knighted in the 16th century for their service to the King. Her winery brought her husband a fortune. When she died in 1696, Baron Lablade passed to her eldest daughter, Charles-Louis, who was seven years old at the time.

He was educated first at home, then in the village, and started school in 1700. The school was at the Collège de Jouilley in the Parish of Meaux, near Paris. It was greatly facilitated by a prominent Bordeaux family, and the chapel priests who owned it provided a solid formation based on enlightened and contemporary principles. 

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American Enfranchisement One major limit of Reconstruction was that it  failed to provide opportunities for Black landownership.

After the Democratic Party took control of the House of Representatives in 1874 as a result of white intimidation, a serious economic crisis in the South, and other factors, Reconstruction started to wane.

Leaders started thinking about how to rebuild the country after the Civil War. The ability to vote was a crucial issue, and there was a lot of discussion over how voting rights applied to black males in America and men who had served in the Confederacy.

During Reconstruction, 16 African Americans held seats in the U.S. Congress; more than 600 more were elected to state legislatures; and hundreds more occupied municipal office positions throughout the South.

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Explanation:

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, New York was a bustling metropolis with a rapidly growing population. As more people moved into the city and housing became scarce, apartment buildings began to appear.

These buildings are often overcrowded, unsanitary and dangerous, making life extremely difficult for those who live there.

Living conditions in apartments are often unbearable. Many families are forced to share small apartments with several other families, each having only one or two rooms at their disposal. These rooms are used as living and sleeping areas with little privacy. Lack of space forced many families to sleep on the floor, and it was not uncommon for several people to share a bed.

In addition to the lack of space, these apartments are often infested with vermin, including mice and cockroaches. These pests carry disease, making homes a breeding ground for disease. In addition, without proper sanitation, human waste is often dumped on the streets or in the courtyards of buildings, creating a dirty and unsanitary environment.

Apartments are also dangerous places to live. Many were poorly built, with weak foundations and poor construction.

Fires are common and buildings often lack proper emergency exits or other safety features. In the event of a fire, tenants are often trapped inside with little chance of escape.

Overall, life in a New York apartment in the late 1800s and early 1900s was tough. Lack of space, sanitation and security make living conditions unbearable for many families. However, the work of social reformers such as Jacob Riis helped bring about significant change, improving the lives of those who lived in apartments and leading to new housing codes and safer buildings.

Transcendentalism began as a philosophical and literary movement in the early 19th century, primarily among American thinkers and writers. Here option C is the correct answer.

It emerged in the context of the Romanticism movement in Europe, which emphasized individualism, emotion, and imagination. However, transcendentalism placed even greater emphasis on intuition, spiritual experience, and the divinity of nature.

While the roots of transcendentalism can be traced back to the ideas of European philosophers like Immanuel Kant and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, the movement as we know it emerged primarily among American clergymen, writers, and intellectuals. Figures like Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Margaret Fuller developed and popularized transcendentalist ideas through their writings, lectures, and personal relationships.

While transcendentalism was certainly influenced by broader cultural and intellectual movements, such as German idealism and English Romanticism, it was primarily a distinctly American phenomenon that emerged in response to the social, political, and cultural conditions of the time.

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The following is a list of Minoan, Mycenaean, and similar frescos and quasi-frescos (not finished before the plaster dried) discovered in Bronze Age archaeological sites on islands.

Which archaeological sites frescoes and shrines found?

Both designations are used when more than one civilization is present or when one civilization is encroaching on another. The Wall Paintings of Thera are considered to be Minoan art, despite its notable cultural differences; all varieties are a part of the larger category known as Aegean art. Few of the paintings that made up these frescos have remained on the walls. Instead, most frescos—especially those from Knossos and other locations in Crete—were recreated using fragments of crumbled plaster and stucco. the Aegean Sea's beaches, and at other pertinent locations in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

Thankfully, more complete versions of those from Akrotiri have survived. These frequently aren't the originals; instead, they're facsimiles of the originals or reconstructions that incorporate original fragments, sometimes only making up 5% of the whole surface.

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Mobutu Sese Seko sought to remove European influence in the Congo by eliminating all European names.

The focus of Mobutu Sese Seko's foreign policy was on his ties to the West and the United States, notwithstanding his apparent non-alignment in global affairs. Mobutu served as president for 32 years, from 1965 to 1997, of the Republic of the Congo and afterwards of Zaire.

Both the Binza group and the American government were concerned that one of the rivals might look to a radical African state for backing. The CIA responded by offering its backing in the form of a "carte blanche to act as he saw appropriate" in response to Mobutu's proposal for another coup to unseat both Kasavubu and Tshombe.

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