The investigative question that will you answer by exploring the process of building proteins from RNA is translation.
What is translation ?The translation is a cellular process by which a specific type of RNA (mRNA) is converted into a protein sequence.
During translation, the messenger RNA (mRNA) is composed of triplets of nucleotides called codons that specify different amino acids.In conclusion, the investigative question that will you answer by exploring the process of building proteins from RNA is translation.Learn more about Translation here:
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It stimulates the secretion of steroids from the reproductive glands.
Answer: Hypothalamic GnRH stimulates the gonadotroph to synthesize and release both FSH and LH which stimulate the gonads to produce sex steroid hormones and regulate germ cell function.
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Beneficial uses of bacteria include all of the following except:
Group of answer choices
helping to clean up environmental disasters, such as oil and chemical spills
producing chemicals
producing food
causing disease
Answer:
the answer is:causing disease
which feature is charatisic of estauries
The estauries are characterized by mix of fresh water and salt water. That is option A
What is estauries?Estauries is defined as the part of water where many rivers meet and sweep into the ocean.
The characteristics of estauries include the following;
The salty water mixed with freshwater resulting to brackish water formation.The gradient of salinity in a semi-enclosed coastal system.Learn more about brackish water here:
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Which feature is characteristics of estauries:
A mix of fresh water and salt water.
swap-like land.
region of land that drains into a body of water.
the gradient of salinity in a semi-enclosed coastal system.
LDLs contain _______. LDLs contain _______. steroid hormones cholesterol protein cholesterol and protein cholesterol, protein and steroid hormones
The correct option is (c) LDL consists of cholesterol and protein.
One of the five main categories of lipoproteins, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), transports cholesterol throughout the body to the areas where it is required for cell repair and deposits it inside the artery walls. They need to be bound to proteins in order to pass through the hydrophilic blood.
The hydrophobic core of the LDL particle is made up of fatty acid esters of cholesterol, while the outer membrane is made up of unesterified cholesterol. The membrane contains a single copy of the hydrophobic apo-B protein, which facilitates the binding of LDL particles to particular cell-surface receptors.
Hence, LDL consists of cholesterol and protein.
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What are the four main types of tissue?
A. epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve
B. fast, slow, rushed, and delayed
C. critical, irrelevant, essential, and nonessential
D. liver, pancreas, intestinal, and respiratory
Answer:
The four main types of tissue are :
A. Epithelial, connective, muscle and nerve.
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A water sample has a pH 10 and contains 56 mg/L HCO3- and 32 mg/L CO32-. Calculate the alkalinity in mg/L as CaCO3.
The alkalinity as CaCO3 in mg/L is 108,23
What is alkalinity?Alkalinity is the total measure of substances present in water, capable of neutralizing acids. In other words, it is the amount of substances present in the water that act as a buffer.
With that being said;
Equivalent weight = {molar mass}*{ion charge/oxidation number}
Molar mass of HCO3- = 61g/molMolar mass of CO3 = 60g/molMolar mass of CaCO3 = 100g/molEq. cot. of HCO3- = 61g/EqEq. cot. of CO3 = 30g/EqEq. cot. of CaCO3 = 50g/EqAlkalinity due to CO3 = {32x50}{30} = 53.33mg/L
Alkalinity due to HCO3- = {56x50}{61} = 54,90mg/L
Total Alkalinity = 53,33 + 54,90 = 108,23 mg/L
In this case, we have to The alkalinity as CaCO3 in mg/L is 108,23 mg/L
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If a person moved from boston to miami, how would the normal pattern of adh secretion be altered? Could a person prepare to move to a new climate by chemically altering adh release?
Boston is colder than Miami.
Therefore, more water is lost in the form of sweat in summer than in winter. In the summer, your body becomes dehydrated, releasing more ADH in your body.
ADH Syndrome of antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin is synthesized by the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary gland to maintain blood osmolality. It increases the reabsorption of water from the kidney nephrons.
Therefore, in a cold environment like Boston, ADH will be low and will increase significantly in Miami.
Several chemicals change ADH levels.
Drugs that raise ADH levels include vasotrict and vasopressin.
Drugs that lower ADH includes alcohol.
Therefore, some chemicals can affect ADH levels in the blood.
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The smooth but steady increase in muscular tension that is produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called __________.
The smooth, but steady, increase in muscular tension produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called a recruitment.
Muscle tension is the force produced when a muscle contracts (or when sarcomeres shorten). The two primary forms of skeletal muscle contractions, isotonic contractions and isometric contractions, are produced when a muscle contracts against a load that is not moving.
A load is transported as the length of the muscle varies during isotonic contractions, in which the tension in the muscle remains constant (shortens). Concentric and eccentric contractions are the two varieties of isotonic contractions. When a muscle contracts isometrically, the angle of a skeletal joint remains the same while tension is produced in the muscle. Sarcomeres shorten and muscles tense up during isometric contractions, but the load is not moved since the force generated is insufficient to overcome the resistance provided by the load.To know more about muscle tension click here
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Arrange from smallest to biggest. universe, planet-moon system, solar system, galaxy
Arrange the organisms from fastest to slowest based on the time they’d take to complete the 20th Carnegie stage.
Untreated hyperemesis can lead to preterm birth. what is the cause of the preterm birth?
How dose skin protect the body from pathogens ?
Answer:
The epidermis, which serves as the body's primary defense against water and infection, and the dermis, which effectively links the epidermis to the rest of the body, are the two major layers that make up the skin.
The stratum germinativum, the bottommost layer, produces layers of cells that make up the epidermis. Cell division is in its active phase at this point. The cells gradually go up into the various levels, where they make associations with neighboring cells based on whatever layer they are in. The skin's waterproofing and ability to withstand infection by pathogens are both a result of the migration and bonding of keratin proteins and lipids.
The stratum is the highest layer that the cells reach.
How does the body identify a pathogen?To start with, your immune system has several kinds of cells as well as other stuff like proteins floating around. There are two major types of immunity: innate and adaptive and they work together to help you identify and fight infection. Of the different types of white blood cells we have, there are a specific subgroup called lymphocytes that are involved specifically in adaptive immunity.
So the first step in innate immunity is physical barriers. Your skin and your intestines (which are technically 'outside' of your body - think of us as an elongated donut where our guts are the hole of the donut) are examples of such barriers. We're all good with having lots of bacteria on the outside (meaning on our skin and in our digestive tract). Problems happen when the outside stuff gets inside.
So then the next question is how to identify something foreign coming in. Turns out that structurally most living cells (and viruses) have proteins on their outsides. Some of these are receptors, others are structural, and yet others are covered in sugars etc. The thing is, these proteins and sugars are different between different things. So bacteria will have chemicals on them that are different than any chemical we have in our own body. When lymphocytes are growing up in the thymus, they are basically exposed to our normal proteins, sugars, and other molecules so they know to ignore them. If this process doesn't happen properly you can run into problems with things like autoimmune diseases.
Now you mentioned antibodies. Antibodies are actually made in a very fascinating way. Antibodies are essentially proteins with a certain part that can hook onto other molecules that fit the correct shape. Think of the analogy of a bunch of different shapes floating around and having the antibodies have holes for specific shapes, so they can only really attach to that specific shape (or antigen). But you ask, how do they know what shapes to try to attach to or recognize? Well, proteins are coded for by DNA and what happens in B-cells, the makers of antibodies is that there's tons of genetic recombination. We basically scramble DNA in different B-cells to be able to make up completely new and novel protein types that can then attach to other things that we have never been exposed to before.
So innately, we have the ability to recognize almost anything that's small enough and has some kind of outside texture or shapes to hook on to. Each B-cell makes a specific antibody to one shape and we specifically kill the cells that recognize shapes that are present in our own body. Furthermore, those peripheral cells that recognized general features common to many pathogens such as weird sugars or capsules swallow and chew up the things they encounter and present the little bits to immune cells like B-cells to see if they match the right shape for the type of cell. If they do, that cell now starts dividing and making tons of that type of antibody so that you get a good antibody response.
And finally, to remember that you've been exposed to a certain antigen, you have T-cells which basically serve to coordinate this whole process with hormones such as interleukins. When they see something they recognize, they also divide, but the cool thing about T-cells is that they basically live your entire life. Once they've seen something, those T-cells stick around pretty much forever, which is why things like vaccines work.
There are also other parts of our innate immune system, including compounds and proteins in our blood called the complement system. It can be a completely non-cellular method of killing bacteria based purely on antibodies and other proteins.
Which process describes the passing of nutrient molecules from the digestive system into the blood? 1: absorption 2: chemical 3: elimination 4: mechanical ( i need the answer as fast as possible please!!)
Answer:
absorption
Explanation:
Some combinations of recessive alleles cause problems so severe that a fetus may cease to develop. Such lethal allele combinations appear to alter Mendelian ratios because
Such lethal allele combinations appear to alter Mendelian ratios because homozygotes for the lethal allele do not appear as a progeny class.
What are Mendel’s laws of inheritance?Mendel proposed the law of inheritance of traits from the first generation to the next generation. Law of inheritance is made up of three laws: Law of segregation, law of independent assortment and law of dominance.The law of dominance states that recessive traits are always dominated or masked by dominant trait.Lethal alleles are alleles that cause an organism to die only when present in a homozygous condition. In case of lethal genes, only the heterozygous is able to survive in the progeny but they cause death if an organism carries two copies of the lethal allele. As a result homozygotes for the lethal allele do not appear as a progeny class.Lethal alleles can cause death of an organism prenatally or any time after birth, though they commonly manifest early in development.Learn more about Mendel's laws of inheritance here:
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Create a hypothesis about which carbohydrate (flour, table sugar, or honey) you believe the yeast will be able to metabolize easiest. Be sure to explain why you chose that carbohydrate.
Yeast will metabolize honey easiest because it consists of the monosaccharides, glucose and fructose.
What are the carbohydrates?Carbohydrates are the energy-giving foods consumed by man which consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
From the given carbohydrates, Yeast will metabolize honey easiest because it consists of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose.
Table sugar is a sucrose, a disaccharide, while flour is mainly starch, a polysaccharide.
In conclusion, metabolism of monosaccharides is easiest.
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In a plant, when the rate of respiration is less than the rate of photosynthesis, what happens to the volume of carbon dioxide that is released?
It stays the same.
It decreases.
It increases.
In a plant, when the rate of respiration is less than the rate of photosynthesis, the volume of carbon dioxide that is released It increases.
The higher the rate of photosynthesis, the lower the respiratory rate?At points where the rate of photosynthesis exceeds the rate of the cell battery, the cell is releasing more O2 than it is consuming. There is also a point where the rate of photosynthesis and the rate of cellular respiration equal each other, called the photic compensation point.
Therefore, oxygen released by photosynthesis is consumed in cellular respiration, and CO2 released in cellular respiration is consumed in photosynthesis. Therefore, gas exchange between the plant and the environment is null.
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Which two features present the strongest evidence for establishing evolutionary relationships between species
Answer:
DNA mutation rate and Homologous structures.what is the name of code or nucleotide squence that can be found in in dna, but not mrna and protein from the same gene
Answer:
Thymine is the answer
Explanation:
The nucleotides of DNA consist of Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine
The nucleotides of RNA consist of Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine
which type of galaxy is shaped almost like a sphere
A. an irregular galaxy
B. no galaxy are shaped almost like a sphere
C. a spiral galaxy
D. an elliptical galaxy
Answer:
an Elliptical galaxies
Determine if the statement is true or false, and why. "If a point mutation occurs in a proto-oncogene it can form an oncogene. This can
stimulate excessive cell division, leading to the formation of a tumor."
A. False, it should read ""If a point mutation occurs in an Oncogene it can form a Proto-oncogene. This can inhibit cell division, leading to the formation of a
tumor."
B. False, it should read ""If a point mutation occurs in an Oncogene it can form a Proto-oncogene. This can stimulate excessive cell division, leading to the
formation of a tumor."
C. True
D. False, it should read ""If a point reutation occurs in a Proto-oncogene it can form an Oncogene. This can inhibit cell division, leading to the formation of a
tumor."
Answer:
D. False it should read "if a point reputation occurs in a proto-oncogene it can form an oncogenetgis can inhibit cell division leading to the formation of a tumor
Phagocytic cells are an important part of the innate immune system because of their ability to:____.
a. attack cells infected by a virus.
b. engulf many different pathogens.
c. present foreign antigens that stimulate adaptive immune responses.
d. produce multiple antibodies.
Phagocytic cells are an important part of the innate immune system because of their ability to engulf many different pathogens. So the correct answer is b. engulf many different pathogens.
The detection of a microbial invasion is typically swiftly followed by its engulfment by a phagocytic cell in all animals, including invertebrates and vertebrates. In the tissues across the body of vertebrates, macrophages are particularly prevalent in the lungs and stomach, two places where infections are most prone. Additionally, the liver, spleen, and connective tissues contain significant amounts. These long-lasting cells are among the first to come into contact with invasive pathogens and patrol the body's tissues.
Neutrophils, the second-largest family of phagocytic cells in vertebrates, are short-lived cells prevalent in blood but absent from healthy, normal tissues.
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Please help me with this question! I will give crown when it will be available!!
Answer:
1515 millions of km
Explanation:
Neptune is in between Uranus and Pluto, so if you find out what the distance is in between Uranus and Pluto from the sun, it's a decent approximation. 5900-2870 = 3030. 3030/2 = 1515
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Axons that release acetylcholine are called ______
Axons that release acetylcholine are called cholinergic fibers.
What are axons?In the brain, each neuron has a single, lengthy cable that extends from the cell's core. An axon is a cable that is much thinner than a human hair and is where a neuron's electrical impulses leave the cell to be picked up by neighboring neurons.
Acetylcholine is released when an action potential is conveyed to the axon terminal, where depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open and enable an influx of calcium, which then permits the release of acetylcholine-containing vesicles into the synaptic cleft.
The neurotransmitter in preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons is acetylcholine (ACh). Thus, axons that release acetylcholine are called cholinergic fibers.
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Cross one parent that is heterozygous for both beak color and feather color with a parent that is homozygous for both recessive traits. What are the genotypes of the parents
Heterozygous for both traits genotype = BbFf
Homozygous for both traits genotype = bfbf
What are homozygous and heterozygous traits?
The term "identical genes received during the zygote period of development" is homozygous. The parents of a person with homozygous features gave them one copy of each allele. Both dominant and recessive alleles are possible.
Children with heterozygous traits inherit a dominant gene from one parent and a recessive allele from the other parent.
Let the alleles for beak color be:
Dominant allele = B
Recessive allele = b
Let the alleles for feather color be:
Dominant allele = F
Recessive allele = f
Therefore,
Parent 1 with heterozygous traits will have genotype = BbFf
(because it is heterozygous for both the traits)
Parent 2 with homozygous traits will have genotype = bfbf
(because it is homozygous for recessive traits)
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For each type of cell transport, describe how it helps the cell reach equilibrium. Make sure
you discuss concentration gradients in your answer.
Type of Transport:
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Answer:
I will leave your question unanswered. Thanks.
Kapoor 2014. Effect of orthodontic forces on cytokine and receptor levels in gingival crevicular fluid: A systematic review.
The publication about the effect of orthodontic forces on cytokine and receptor levels in gingival fluid investigates how this treatment can increase inflammation.
What are cytokines?Cytokines are molecules of the immune system that act during different types of immune responses, especially in inflammatory pathways.
Cytokines are mainly secreted by helper T immune cells (T cells) and macrophages.
In this case, the publication above mentioned uses different cytokine biomarkers to test inflammatory responses after orthodontic treatment (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, etc).
In conclusion, the publication about the effect of orthodontic forces on cytokine and receptor levels in gingival fluid investigates how this treatment can increase inflammation.
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Neurons are to the nervous
system as
are to the
endocrine system. Both are used
to "send" messages.
A. hormones
B. emotions
C. memories
Answer:
A.) hormones
Explanation:
Neurons are to the nervous system as hormones are to the endocrine system.
The endocrine system regulates all of our bodily processes via the feedback of hormones.
What is the part of the nervous system that receives information about what is happening within the body and in the outside environment
The peripheral nervous system receives information from the environment and relays commands from the central nervous system to organs and glands.
What is the peripheral nervous system?The nerves that emerge from the brain and spinal cord make up the peripheral nervous system. The CNS and the body components are connected through a network of nerves. The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system are additional divisions of the peripheral nervous system.
The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system are two subsystems of the peripheral nervous system. With the exception of the optic nerve (cranial nerve II) and the retina, the cranial nerves make up the PNS in the somatic nervous system. The second cranial nerve is a tract of the diencephalon and not a real peripheral nerve. The CNS is where the cranial nerve ganglia were born. The PNS, however, is thought to include the ten remaining cranial nerve axons because they travel outside of the brain. Smooth muscle and glands are subject to involuntary control by the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic and parasympathetic states of the system are made possible by the relationship between the central nervous system and the organs.
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If you wrote a brief essay discussing the impact of recombinant dna technology on genetics as we perceive the discipline today, what applications of recombinant dna technology should be included?
Answer:
Various applications
Explanation:
Human gene therapy, pharmaceuticals, forensic evidence, environmental cleaning, and agriculture are just a few fields where recombinant DNA technology is used.
4. Which of the following poses a major problem in understanding and fixing the issues with the San Joaquin Valley?
a. lack of scientific tools and data
b. lack of community support
c. lack of time from officials
A major problem to understand and correct the problems with the San Joaquin Valley lack of tools and scientific data on valley fever.
A. lack of scientific tools and dataWhat is valley fever?The small town of Avenal, in the San Joaquin Valley, is most affected by an incurable disease known as 'valley fever'. Cases of an incurable disease called "valley fever", are multiplying at an alarming and surprising rate in the southwestern United States.
With this information, we can conclude that San Joaquin Valley, is best known for an incurable disease known as 'valley fever', where there is no scientific data that can explain.
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