Toward an Artificial Cell Scientists have recently constructed an artificial ribosome in vitro from purified ribosomal proteins and rRNAs. (Some of the following questions may require sleuthing in earlier chapters to answer.) What types of intermolecular forces do you think are holding the individual proteins and rRNAs together in this macromolecular complex
Answer:
RNAs and proteins can bind via electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, Hydrogen bonding interactions and base stacking interactions
Explanation:
Proteins bind to nucleic acids (i.e., both DNA and RNA) through different types of interactions:
- electrostatic interactions, also known as van der Waals interactions, refer to attractive/repulsive interactions between molecules depending on their electric charges.
- hydrophobic interactions, i.e., interactions between nonpolar molecules and water molecules
- Hydrogen bonding interactions resulting from the interaction between a hydrogen (H) atom that bind to an electronegative atom (e.g., N, O, F, etc), and another electronegative atom.
- base stacking interactions that result from the arrangement of RNA nucleotides
In this case, it is also important to highlight that the interaction will depend on the specific tertiary structure of ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs).
Drosophila geneticists have isolated many mutations that modify position-effect variegation. Dominant suppressors of variegation [Su(var)s] cause less fre- quent inactivation of genes brought near heterochro- matin by chromosome rearrangements, while dominant enhancers of variegation [E(var)s] cause more frequent inactivation of such genes.
A. What effects would each of these two kinds of mutations have on position-effect variegation of the white gene in Drosophila (that is, would the eyes be more red or more white)?
B. Assuming that these Su(var) and E(var) mutations are loss-of-function (null) alleles in the corresponding genes, what kinds of proteins do you think these genes encode?
Answer:
A. As it is given that Su(var) dominant suppressors of variegation mutant allele causes lesser white patches and more red patches in eyes as it is an inhibits or inactivates of PEV. If the Drosophila were heterozygous for the dominant enhancers of variegation E(var) mutation, there would be less red patches and more white patches.
b. Su(var) 1 gene encodes for the proteins that assist in the spreading of heterochromatin by inhibits the PEV which will be lost by null mutations while E(var)1 gene encodes for the proteins that restrict the spreading of heterochromatin by loss of function mutation
If a DNA codon changes from TTA to TTC, what amino acid would the matching mRNA sequence code for?
Answer:
TTC codon encodes for Phenylalanine (Phe)
Explanation:
A codon (also known as a nucleotide triplet) is a sequence of DNA or RNA composed of three consecutive nucleotides. During protein synthesis, each codon specifies a particular amino acid or stop signal (i.e., termination codons). There are 64 possible codons, 61 encode for amino acids, while three (3) codons represent stop signals (e.g., UAG, UAA, UGA). In this case, TTC (i.e., UUC codon in the mRNA) codon encodes the amino acid Phenylalanine, while TTA (i.e., UUA codon in the mRNA sequence) codon encodes the amino acid Leucine.
In the year 2374, humans finally developed the technology necessary for time travel. You are a scientist interested in the population genetics of extinct animals. After seeing Jurassic World, you decide to go back in time to study a population of velociraptors. The skin color of this dinosaur varies between tan (dominant) and brown (recessive). You observed 336 tan velociraptors and 64 brown velociraptors during your study. Assume the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. a) What is the allelic frequency of the dominant (tan) allele in the population
Answer:
The allelic frequency of the dominant (tan) allele in the population equals 0.6
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files.
Which structure could be found in a single-celled organism? intemal organs legs and feet outer covering large brain
Answer:
A solitary called life form would have an external covering in particular. Clarification: Having a brain, legs and inner organs is excessively perplexing for a unicellular organism(organisms with one cell)
Explanation:
Earth science pleas help...............
What do you think a parrot can do?
Answer:
Fly
Explanation:
Answer:
Talk
Explanation:
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What are TWO advantages of seeds? Select TWO.
Select 2 correct answer(s)
Question 4 options:
comes with own food source
increased genetic diversity
can withstand stand extreme conditions
is made of asexual reproduction
Question 5 (1 point)
What are two advantages of spores?
Select 2 correct answer(s)
Question 5 options:
results in MORE genetic diversity
comes with own food source
can lie dormant and then "awaken"
can withstand extreme conditions
Answer: 4 own food source, increased genetic diversity.
5 dormancy, withstand extreme conditions
Explanation: usually have endosperm to provide food for germination. Can often withstand adverse conditions. Results of sexual reproduction, which gives genetic diversity.
Two types of spores. Bacterial spores lie dormant and can awaken. They can stand extreme conditions
Spores of non-seed plants are similar to seeds but have very limited food supplies.
The format of the question indicates that the answer relates to bacterial spores.
Heeeeeeelp please
Answer and I will give you brainiliest
What is a SNP mutation?
Answer:
Explanation:
Single nucleotide polymorphisms, frequently called SNPs (pronounced “snips”), are the most common type of genetic variation among people. Each SNP represents a difference in a single DNA building block, called a nucleotide.Most commonly, these variations are found in the DNA between genes.
single nucleotide polymorphism
A single nucleotide polymorphism, or SNP (pronounced "snip"), is a variation at a single position in a DNA sequence among individuals.
Each SNP represents a difference in a single DNA building block, called a nucleotide. For example, a SNP may replace the nucleotide cytosine (C) with the nucleotide thymine (T) in a certain stretch of DNA. Most commonly, these variations are found in the DNA between genes.
(hope this helps can i plz have brainlist :D hehe)
Which statement best describes genetic material?
Answer:
Genetic material, including genes and DNA, controls the development, maintenance and reproduction of organisms. Genetic information is passed from generation to generation through inherited units of chemical information (in most cases, genes).
Explanation:
I hope this answer help you
Genetic material controls organism development, maintenance, and reproduction. Chemical units carry genetic information from generation to generation. Therefore, (B) is correct.
What is genetic material?The component of the cell that stores the information that can be passed down from generation to generation is referred to as the genetic material. The information that the cell needs in order to build proteins is stored in the genetic material, which is the genetic material's most significant function.
The development, maintenance, and reproduction of organisms are all under the control of their genetic material, which includes genes and DNA. The information contained in a person's genes is handed down from one generation to the next in the form of inherited units of chemical information.
Therefore, option (B) is correct because genes are sections of the genetic material known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which contain the instructions for making a particular protein.
Learn more about genetic material, here:
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5. Which describes the variable that is changed to test the prediction?
experimental
control
dependent
independent
Answer:
Independent
Explanation:
An experiment can be defined as an investigation which typically involves the process of manipulating an independent variable (the cause) in order to be able to determine or measure the dependent variable (the effect).
This ultimately implies that, an experiment can be used by scientists to show or demonstrate how a condition causes or gives rise to another i.e cause and effect, influence, behavior, etc in a sample.
In an experiment , the variable being manipulated by an experimenter is known as an independent variable while the dependent variable is the event expected to change when the independent variable is manipulated.
Hence, independent variable describes the variable that is changed to test the prediction.
Select all that are true regarding ATP cycling
A. ATP is formed from ADP and phosphate
B. Energy for ATP synthesis comes from the oxidation of glucose and other fuel molecules
C. ATP hydrolysis is an endergonic reaction
D. Oxidation of ATP can be used for performing endergonic reactions in the cell
Answer:
A, B and D are correct
Explanation:
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) can form a bond with a phosphate group to form Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the most abundant energy carrier molecule in cells. An endergonic reaction is a chemical reaction where there is a net input of energy, while an exergonic reaction generates energy. ATP hydrolysis releases energy (conversely to ATP synthesis that requires an input of free energy), and therefore ATP hydrolysis is an exergonic reaction. ATP hydrolysis releases around 7.3 kilocalories per mole. In a coupled reaction, the energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used by the cell to carry out endergonic reactions in an exergonic manner (e.g., glucose phosphorylation, which is an energetically unfavorable reaction).
a+b=13 c/b=10 a+b+c=33
Answer:
a = 11
b = 2
c = 20
Explanation:
hope it helps you ☺️
General characteristics of cockroach and spider
Answer:
Cockroaches are generalized insects with few special adaptations, and may be among the most primitive living Neopteran insects. They have a relatively small head and a broad, flattened body, and most species are reddish-brown to dark brown. They have large compound eyes, two ocelli, and long, flexible antennae.
Explanation:
:)
I need help, asap please
Answer:
Air, everywhere, salt, and in the cold
Explanation:
Suppose the femur bone of an animal has 1,000 atoms of carbon-14 when the animal dies. How many atoms of carbon 14 will be present after 6,000 years? (1 point)
Answer:
After 6000 years, approximately 500 atoms of carbon-14 will be left in the femur bone of an animal which had 1000 atoms of carbon-14 when the animal died.
Explanation:
The half-life of a radioactive isotope of an element is the time taken for half the atoms present in a given amount of the element to undergo decay or disintegration. For example, the half-life of carbon-14 isotope is 5730 years. This means that, if there are 100 atoms of carbon-14 present in a given sample of a material, in the next 5730 years, approximately, 50 atoms of carbon-14 will be left in the material.
Since the half-life of radioactive isotopes are constant, these radioactive isotopes are used in the determining the ages of ancient life-forms as well as rocks.
In the given example, after 6000 years, approximately 500 atoms of carbon-14 will be left in the femur bone of an animal which had 1000 atoms of carbon-14 when the animal died.
True or False: A hypothesis makes a prediction
Answer:
A hypothesis is a kind of guess or proposition regarding a situation. It can be called a kind of intelligent guess or prediction, and it needs to be proved using different methods. Formulating a hypothesis is an important step in experimental design, for it helps to predict things that might take place in the course of research. -or- What this statement means is that a hypothesis is a guess that a researcher in academia or other fields make and then follows an extensive research to either prove or disqualify the developed hypothesis as true or false. In contrary, a prediction is just but a guess that an individual makes without backing it with the necessary research in hope that it will happen.
Explanation:
Answer:
True
Explanation:
What molecule is the carbon input from carbon dioxide incorporated into during photosynthesis?
Water
Oxygen
hydrogen
Glucose
Answer:
Glucose
Explanation:
Maria is playing basketball. She sees the ball being thrown at her. She lunges forward to grab it. Arrange the events as they happen from the moment Maria sees the ball.
What is Earth's major source of air pollution?
Cladograms represent hypotheses about evolutionary relationships, what are these relationships based on?
Answer:
A cladogram is an evolutionary tree that diagrams the ancestral relationships among organisms. In the past, cladograms were drawn based on similarities in phenotypes or physical traits among organisms. Today, similarities in DNA sequences among organisms can also be used to draw cladograms.
HELP :(
Where can magma be found on the surface of the earth?
○ In active volcanoes
○ Underneath lakes and rivers
○ In between all continental plates
○ In the aftermath of an earthquake
Hii!! The correct answer is A. In active volcanoes. (:
what happens to unusable energy in a food web?
that animals with start getting extinct
bacteria feeds on the unusable energy in a food web which creates a productive ecosystem
Explanation:
for example when a whale dies it falls to the ocean flour than other animals feed on it that when the bacteria feeds on the carces it resycles the unusable energy
A team of scientists is studying several plant species that they think could become new farm crops. The scientists want to apply selective breeding to develop one of the species into useful crop plants.
Which property of a plant species would be MOST USEFUL for meeting the scientists' goal?
A.) very low genetic variation
B.) very high genetic variation
C.) producing only a few fruits and seeds each growing season
D.) growing slowly from seedlings to maturity
Answer:
B very high genetic variations
Explanation:
why because it can produce more food items so that way we won't go extinct
Enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using DNA strand as a template
Answer: Your answer should be: RNA Polymerase
Explanation: Have a great day my friend :D
Organisms that are most likely to use evaporative cooling would be ____________.
A. Small flying organisms living in a warm and wet climate.
B. Large terrestrial organisms living in a hot and dry climate.
C. Large terrestrial organisms living in a warm and wet climate.
D. Small flying organisms living in a hot and dry climate.
Answer:
Organisms That Are Most Likely To Use Evaporative Cooling Would Be Large Terrestrial Organisms Living In A Hot And Dry Climate Small Flying Organisms Living In A Hot And Dry Climate Large Terrestrial Organisms Living In A Warm And Wet Climate Small Flying Organisms Living In A Warm And Wet Climate.
Explanation:
Suppose Stephen breeds flowers and wants to optimize production of offspring with both short stems and white flowers, which are coded for by two genes with the recessive alleles t and p, respectively. In flowers, T codes for tall stems and P codes for purple flowers. Stephen crosses two heterozygotes that produce 544 offspring. How many of these 544 offspring are predicted to have both short stems and white flowers
Answer:
From the whole progeny of 544 plants, 34 individuals are expected to have short stems and white flowers.
Explanation:
Available data:
short stems coded for by recessive allele twhite flowers coded for by recessive allele pT codes for tall stemsP codes for purple flowersCross between two heterozygous individualsTotal number of the progeny 544In a dihybrid cross, it is expected to get a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1
Cross:
Parentals) TtPp x TtPp
Gametes) TP Tp tP tp
TP Tp tP tp
Punnett square)
TP Tp tP tp
TP TTPP TTPp TtPP TtPp
Tp TTPp TTpp TtPp Ttpp
tP TtPP TtPp ttPP ttPp
tp TtPp Ttpp ttPp ttpp
F1)
9/16 T-P- 3/16 T-pp3/16 ttP-1/16 ttpp(Note: The "-" symbol represents either a dominant allele or a recessive one)
From these possible genotypes and phenotypes, we can get their corresponding amount of individuals
16 ---------- 544 individuals
9 ------------X = 306 individuals tall stems and purple flowers T-P-
3-------------X = 102 individuals with tall stems and white flowers T-pp
3------------ X = 102 individuals with short stems and purple flowers ttP-
1 ------------ X = 34 individuals with short stems and white flowers, ttpp
what is a polypeptide chain?
a. the beginning of a protein
b. the strand of mRNA
c. the strand of tRNA
Answer:
B
Explanation:
the polupeptide chain is from the strand mRNA which makes wate rmolecules digest into polypeptide
Highly sensitive cells within the hypothalamus that react to changes in blood composition and cause the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) when appropriate are called.
Answer:
osmoreceptors
Explanation:
Osmoreceptors are nerve cells (neurons) capable of detecting changes in the extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolality, i.e., in the amount of solute in free water within the ECF. Osmoreceptors are known to contribute to osmoregulation by controlling body-fluid balance. These sensory receptors are mainly localized in the hypothalamus of homeothermic animals where they detect variations in the osmotic pressure and stimulate the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in blood in response to the increase in plasma osmolality.