Answer:
Final temperature = 152.57K,
Pressure = 0.6907 bar.
dT/dt = - 1,151 K/s.
Explanation:
The first thing to do here is to write out the equation for mass balance as given below:
dN/dt = N -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(1).
N = P/T, then, substitute the values given in the question into:
d[p/T]/ dt = [- 4.5/28 × 8.314]/0.15 = - 8.9 × 10⁻⁵ bar/K.s.
Thus, there is the need to integrate, Integrate [p/T]f = 10/320 - 8.9 × 10⁻⁵ bar/K.s. ------------------------------------(2).
NB; fT = final temperature, fP = final pressure and iT = initial temperature.
Also, [ fT]³⁰/₈.₃₁₄/ [fP] = [iT]³⁰/₈.₃₁₄/ Pi] = [ 320]³⁰/₈.₃₁₄/ 10.
Therefore, [fT]³⁰/₈.₃₁₄ = 109.52 × 10⁶.
Final temperature= [fP]³⁰/₈.₃₁₄ × 169.05.
Note that fP/ [fP]³⁰/₈.₃₁₄ × 169.05 = 10/320 - 8.9 × 10⁻⁵.
Therefore, [fP]¹ ⁻ ³⁰/₈.₃₁₄ = 0.7651.
Hence, Final temperature = 152.57K,
Pressure = 0.6907 bar
dT/ dt = N[RT]² / Cv . PV.
R = 30 - 8.314 = 21.86 J/mol K.
Then, the rate of change of the gas temperature at this time = dT/dt = - 1,151 K/s.
What is rusting? Write its chemical equations.
[tex] \huge \quad\quad \underline{ \tt{{Answer}}}[/tex]
Rusting of iron is the most familiar example of corrosion. It is a process in which an iron reacts with atmospheric oxygen and moisture to form a reddish brown substance iron oxide, which is commonly known as rust.
[tex] \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: [/tex]
[tex]\blue{ \star}:[/tex][tex] \sf4fe+ 3O_2+ XH_2O→ 2Fe_2O_3.XH_2O[/tex]
Answer:
Rust is an iron oxide, formed by iron and oxygen reacting in the catalytic presence of water or air moisture. Rusting is an oxidation reaction. This means it involves oxygen reacting with something (in this case, iron in the presence of moisture).
The chemical formula for rusting:
4Fe + 3O2 + 6H2O → 4Fe (OH)3
Hope this helps!
- profparis
PLEASE I NEED HELP ASAP!!!!
1.)Alex reacts 40.0 grams of substance X with 850 mL of 1.0 mol/L solution of hydrochloric acid. What is the maximum mass of carbon dioxide gas that could be obtained from this reaction?
2.)Jess reacts 25.0 grams of substance X with 40.0 mL of 2.0 mol/L of sodium hydroxide solution. The reaction yielded 2.5 grams of calcium hydroxide. Calculate the theoretical yield of calcium hydroxide and %Yield for the reaction.
The percent yield of the calcium hydroxide is 84.5%.
What is stoichiometry?Stoichiometry enables us to obtain the mass of a substance form the equation of the reaction.
The equation of the reaction is;
CaCO3 + 2HCl -----> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Number of moles of X = 40.0 grams/100 g/mol = 0.4 moles
Number of moles of HCl = 850/1000 * 1 M = 0.85 moles
If 1 mole of CaCO3 reacts with 2 moles of HCl
0.4 moles of CaCO3 reacts with 0.4 moles * 2 moles/1 mole
= 0.8 moles of HCl
Hence X is the limiting reactant.
The reaction is 1:1 then the amount of CO2 produced is 0.4 moles
Mass of CO2 = 0.4 CO2 * 44 g/mol = 17.6 g
2) The reaction equation is; 2NaOH + CaCO3 ---> Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3
Number of moles of X = 25.0 grams/100 g/mol = 0.25 moles
Number of moles of NaOH= 40/1000 L * 2 M = 0.08 moles
If 1 mole of X reacts with 2 moles of NaOH
0.25 moles reacts with 0.25 moles * 2 moles /1 mole
= 0.5 moles
NaOH is the limiting reactant
2 moles of NaOH produces 1 mole of CO2
0.08 moles of NaOH produces 0.08 moles * 1 mole/2 moles
= 0.04 moles of CO2
Theoretical yield of CO2 = 0.04 moles of CO2 * 74 g/mol = 2.96 g
Percent yield = 2.5 g/ 2.96 g * 100
= 84.5%
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What are the correct half reactions for the following reaction:
Zn + 2 HCI -> H₂ +zncl2
Answer:
Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) => Zn²+(aq) + H2 (g)
Explanation:
The equation Zn + 2 HCI -> H₂ +zncl2 on reduction and oxidation, it results as below;
2H+ + 2e- => H2 ; reductionZn => Zn²+ + 2e- ; oxidationThe equations above are half cell.
On combination of the above half cell reaction equations gives;
Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) => Zn²+(aq) + H2 (g).
Therefore, the half reaction equation for Zn + 2 HCI -> H₂ +zncl2 is given by;
Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) => Zn²+(aq) + H2 (g).
(a) List any four properties of colloidal and mention any two properties in which colloids differ from suspension. (b) State what is Tyndall effect? Which of the following solution will show Tyndall effect? Starch solution, sodium chloride solution, tincture iodine, air, milk
Explanation:
(1) they are heterogenous mixture
(2) the size of particles of colloids is too small to be seen by bare eyes.
(3) they scatter light passing through them making it's path visible.
Please show all work:
If 40.0 grams of magnesium is reacted with an excess of nitric acid, HNO 3 , how many
grams of hydrogen gas will be produced?
3.3 g of hydrogen gas will be produced.
What is Stoichiometry ?Stoichiometry helps to measure quantitative relationships between the amounts of products and reactants that are given in a reaction.
What is Balanced Chemical Equation ?The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.
Now we have to write the balanced equation
Mg + 2HNO₃ → Mg(NO₃)₂ + H₂
According to Stoichiometry
[tex]40.9\ \text{g Mg} \times \frac{1\ \text{mol Mg}}{24.31\ \text{g Mg}} \times \frac{1\ \text{mol}\ H_2}{1\ \text{mol Mg}} \times \frac{2.02\ g\ H_2}{1\ \text{mol}\ H_2}[/tex]
= 3.3 g H₂
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that 3.3 g of hydrogen gas will be produced.
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please help me with this question
From the calculation, the concentration in parts per billion is 6 ppb.
What is ppb?The term ppb refers to the concentration of a substance in parts per billion. We obtain the ppb using the formula;
Mass of solute/ Mass of solution * 10^9
Now, 1L = 1000cm^3 = 1000 g
The concertation in ppb = 6 * 10^-6 g/1000 g * 10^9
= 6 ppb
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6) What is the pH of a solution with [H3O+] = 1 × 10-9 M?
A) 1.0 × 10-5
B) -9.0
C) 5.0
D) -5.0
E) 9.0
Answer:
E) 9.0
Explanation:
pH = -log [1×10^-9] = 9
The combining power of an element is called ?
A. coefficient
B.subscript
C.periodicity
D.valence number
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Valency is the combining power of an element
Draw the major 1,2- and 1,4-addition products that form as a result of the following reaction between one equivalent each of 2,4-hexadiene and HBr.
The major 1,2- and 1,4-addition products are 4-Bromo-2-hexene and 2-Bromo-2-hexene.
What is Markovnikov Rule ?
Markovnikov rule explains that in addition reaction of alkene react with a hydrogen halide. The hydrogen atom is attached to the carbon atom that is already bonded to the greatest number of hydrogen.
What is Addition Reaction ?An addition reaction is an organic reaction occur when two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule without the loss of any atoms present in reactant.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The major 1,2- and 1,4-addition products are 4-Bromo-2-hexene and 2-Bromo-2-hexene.
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Describe the scale used to measure the basicity of a substance. Demonstrate how you could differentiate a weak base from a strong one. (10
points)
Answer:
The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or basicity of a substance.
Explanation:
pH stands for potential hydrogen. It ranges from 0 to 14, 7 being neutral. The pH of water is 7 i.e. it is neither acidic nor basic. 0 to 7 shows acidic behavior while 7 to 14 shows basic behavior.
Experiment:
Dip the pH paper in the liquid and wait for ten seconds. The pH strip starts to discolor.
For a strong acid the strip will turn red.
For a weak acid the strip will become pale red.
To find the correct pH value we can compare it with the indicator scale present on the pH scale box.
The scale used to measure the basicity of a substance is called the pH scale.
What is the pH scale?The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that ranges from 0 to 14 and is used to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution. A pH value of 7 is considered neutral, values below 7 are acidic, and values above 7 are basic.
To differentiate a weak base from a strong one, you can perform the following experiments:
pH Measurement: Measure the pH of the solution containing the base using a pH meter or pH indicator paper. A strong base will have a higher pH value, typically around 12-14, indicating a highly basic solution. A weak base will have a lower pH value, closer to 7, indicating a less basic or slightly basic solution.
Conductivity Test: Dissolve a small amount of the base in water and measure its electrical conductivity using a conductivity meter. Strong bases are good electrolytes and will conduct electricity well, resulting in a high conductivity. Weak bases, on the other hand, are poor electrolytes and will exhibit lower conductivity.
Reaction with Acids: Add a few drops of a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), to a solution containing the base. Strong bases will rapidly and completely neutralize the acid, resulting in a significant increase in pH. Weak bases, however, will only partially neutralize the acid, leading to a smaller increase in pH.
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Which law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases?.
Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases.
What is partial pressure?Partial pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by individual gas constituents that makes up a mixture of gases.
According to Dalton's law of partial pressures which states that the total pressure by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each of the constituent gases.
This can be represented mathematically by the following:
P = P1 + P2
Where P = total pressure
P1 = partial pressure of gas 1
P2 = partial pressure of gas 2.
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H. If you had 64 amu of ch4, how many molecules would this be? i. If you had 64 g of ch4, how many moles would this be?
The number of molecules and number of moles of [tex]CH_{4}[/tex] is 4 moles and 24.088×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules.
Calculation,
Atomic mass of carbon is 12 u and H is 1 u
So, molar mass of [tex]CH_{4}[/tex] = 12 + 1×4 = 16 u = 16 g/mole
Number of moles = given mass / molar mass = 64 g/ 16 g/mol = 4 moles
1 moles of substance contains 6 .022 ×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules.
So, number of molecules in 3 moles of methane = 4×6.022 ×[tex]10^{23}[/tex]
number of molecules in 3 moles of methane = 24.088×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules.
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The protein--iron compound that has the bonding capabilities for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide is:
It is hemoglobin.
What is hemoglobin and its composition?In the red blood cells (erythrocytes) of vertebrates, hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein, transports oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and organs and returns carbon dioxide to the lungs. In a complete blood cell (CBC) test, the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is often measured.
A globin group is surrounded by four heme groups, which together form a tetrahedral shape in each hemoglobin molecule. Heme is an organic complex known as a porphyrin that has an iron atom linked to it. Heme makes up only 4% of the weight of the molecule. As the blood circulates between the lungs and the tissues, the iron atom is what holds oxygen in place. Each hemoglobin molecule contains four iron atoms, and as a result, it has the capacity to bind four oxygen molecules. Two linked pairs of polypeptide chains make up globin.
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Which solution could be used to precipitate the calcium ion form a water sample?
Calcium carbonate ([tex]CaCO_{3}[/tex]), an insoluble precipitate that could be removed from water by filtration, is created when the calcium ion in hard water bonds with the carbonate ion.
Precipitates may be ionic solids that are insoluble and result from reactions between certain cations as well as anions in water. A precipitate's formation could be influenced by a variety of circumstances.
When calcium atoms gain or lose electrons, they change their charge but also reactivity, forming calcium ions.
Therefore, Calcium carbonate ([tex]CaCO_{3}[/tex]), could be used to precipitate the calcium ion form a water sample
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A welding torch requires 4122.8l of ethylene gas at 0.64 atm what will be the pressure of the gas if ethylene is supplied by a 51.6 l tank
The pressure of the gas if ethylene is supplied by a 51.6 l tank is 51.1355atm
The final pressure of the gas can be calculated by using the formula given by Boyle's law,
P1V1 = P2V2
What is Boyle's law?
Boyle's law relates the compression and expansion of gas at a constant temperature. It states that, At constant temperature the pressure exerted by a gas is inversely proportional to the volume of the given mass of gas.
P1V1 = P2V2
where,
P1 is the initial pressure
V1 is the initial volume
P2 is the final pressure and
V2 is the final volume.
Given data:Initial volume V1= 4122.8L
Initial pressure P1= 0.64atm
Final volume V2= 51.6L
Final pressure P2= ?
0.64*4122.8= P2*51.6
P2= 2638.592/51.6
P2= 51.1355atm
Hence the final pressure of the gas is 51.1355atm
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The combustion reaction of propane is described by the reaction.
C3H8 +502 + 4H₂O + 3C0₂.
How many moles of O₂ are required to generate 3 moles of CO₂?
Answer:
[tex]\huge\boxed{\sf 5\ moles\ of\ oxygen}[/tex]
Explanation:
Chemical Reaction:[tex]C_3H_8+5O_2 \longrightarrow 4H_2O+3CO_2[/tex]
From the reaction, we can say that,
1 mole of propane and 5 moles of oxygen produce 4 moles of water and 3 moles of carbon dioxide.So, to generate 3 mole of carbon dioxide, 5 moles of oxygen are required. (as shown in the chemical reaction!)
[tex]\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]
Can someone fill this out pleaseee for me
Filling out the table below following the outlined order:
Calcium - symbol = Ca; Group =2; Period = 4; Ar = 134; Am =40.078u; Ph = solid; Density = 1.55; Bp = 1757K; Mp = 1115K.Vanadium - symbol = V; Group =5; Period = 4; Ar = 197; Am =50.9415u; Ph = solid; Density = 6.11; Bp = 3680K; Mp = 2183K.Manganese - symbol = Mn; Group =7; Period = 4; Ar = 127; Am = 54.938044u; Ph = solid; Density = 7.21; Bp = 2334K; Mp = 1519K.Cobalt: - symbol = Co; Group =9; Period = 4; Ar = 125; Am =58.933195 u; Ph = solid; Density = 8.90; Bp = 3200K; Mp = 1768K.Zinc: - symbol = Zn; Group = 12; Period = 4; Ar = 134; Am =65.38 u; Ph = solid; Density = 7.14; Bp = 1180K; Mp = 692.68K.Arsenic: - symbol = As; Group = 15; Period = 4; Ar = 197; Am = 74.9216 u; Ph = solid; Density = 5.75; Bp = 889K; Mp = 889K.Bromine: - symbol = Br; Group =17; Period = 4; Ar = 120; Am = 79.904 u; Ph = Liquid; Density = 3.1028; Bp = 332K; Mp = 265K.Meaning of ElementAn element can be defined as a substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances.
An element serves as a building blocks for compounds and mixtures.
In conclusion, each element and its property as requested in the table are given above.
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Question 21 of 50
2 points
we would use the elements listed on the bottom of the reactivity list for all of the following except
_______.
a. pans for cooking and baking
b. jewelry
c. fireworks
d. water pipes in the house
The elements listed on the bottom of the reactivity list for all of the following except fireworks and is denoted as option C.
What is Reactivity?This is referred to the extent in which an element is able to take part in a chemical reaction.
The elements founds at the bottom of the reactivity list include gold which can't be used for making fireworks.
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What mass of oxygen reacts during the incomplete combustion of 18.0 g of propane?
Based on the mole ratio, the mass of oxygen reacting is 45.8 g.
What mass of oxygen reacts during the reaction?The incomplete combustion of propane with oxygen produces carbon (ii) oxide and water.
The mole ratio of propane to oxygen according to the equation of the reaction is 2 : 7.
Molar mass of propane = 44 g/mol
Molar mass of oxygen = 32 g/mol
moles in 18.0 g = 18/44 mole
Mass of oxygen reacting = 18/44 * 7/2 * 32 = 45.8
In conclusion, incomplete combustion of propane produces carbon (ii) oxide.
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What mass of oxygen reacts during the incomplete combustion of 18.0 g of propane?
Answer:
66 grams of carbon dioxide
C3H8+5O2=3CO2+4H2O
What is the smallest whole-number coefficient for h₂s when the equation h₂s mno₄⁻ → mn²⁺ so₄²⁻ is balanced in acidic solution?
The lowest smallest whole-number coefficient for H₂S is 5. Option C
What is the smallest whole-number coefficient for H₂S?Now we know that a redox reaction is one in which there is a loss and gain of electrons One specie is oxidized (looses electrons) while another specie is reduced (gains electrons). The electrons must be transferred leading to an increase in oxidation number of one specie and a decrease in the oxidation number of another.
Now the reduction half equation is;
MnO4^-(aq) + 8H^+(aq) + 5e^- ----> Mn^2+(aq) + 4H2O (l)
The oxidation half equation is;
H2S(aq) ----> S^2-(aq) + 2H^+(aq) + 2e^-
Multiplying the reduction half equation by 2 and the oxidation half equation is 5
2MnO4^-(aq) + 16H^+(aq) + 10e^- ----> 2Mn^2+(aq) + 8H2O (l)
And;
5H2S(aq) ----> 5S^2-(aq) + 10H^+(aq) + 10e^-
The overall balanced reaction equation is;
2MnO4^-(aq) + 6H^+(aq) + 5H2S(aq) ----> 2Mn^2+(aq) + 8H2O (l) + 5S^2-(aq)
Thus the lowest smallest whole-number coefficient for H₂S is 5.
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7. A spontaneous reaction occurs when the sign of free energy IS
O A. positive.
O B. zero,
• C. negative.
O D. neutral.
Answer:
positive
Explanation:
How does the energy of an electorn change when the electron moves closer to the nucleus?
Answer:
when an electron move closer to the nucleus the magnitude of energy of the nucleus increases
1. You have learned that alkyl iodides may be prepared by SN2 replacement of other leaving groups, or by treatment of alcohols or ethers with co centrated hydriodic acid (HI). A milder method for preparation of alkyl iodides from alcohols is shown below:
Imidazole's cyclic structure is aromatic and the lone pair present at the N₁ atom available for donation. hence, according to question N₁ is the most basic atom in the structure.
What is resonating structure?Two π bonds (between C₂-C₃ and N₁-C₅), as well as one lone pair on N₄, can interact with one another to generate a delocalized π system in the cyclic structure.This delocalization is intriguing since it has the same number of delocalized electrons as benzene—six.As a result, imidazole, like benzene, has a closed, delocalized ring with six π electrons. So, like benzene, it is regarded as an aromatic chemical with resonance stability.N₄ is neutral since it cannot be donated because it needs to use its lone pair to be aromatic.On the other hand, N₁ already forms a π connection, which helps the system become delocalized.N₁ is sp² hybridized and has a trigonal planar basic form. Its lone pair cannot communicate with the delocalized π system since it is pointed away from the cyclic structure.Know more about Resonating structure
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A generic element, Q, has two isotopes, 195Q and 190Q, and an average atomic mass of 191.86 amu. The natural abundances of the two isotopes are 38% 195Q and 62% 190Q. The isotopic mass of 195Q is 194.96 amu. What is the isotopic mass of 190Q
A generic element, Q, has two isotopes, 195Q and 190Q, and an average atomic mass of 191.86 amu. The natural abundances of the two isotopes are 38% 195Q and 62% 190Q. The isotopic mass of 195Q is 194.96 amu. the isotopic mass of 190Q is 186.80.
What do you mean by Isotopes?Isotopes are two or more atom types that share the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei), location in the periodic table, and chemical element but have distinct nucleon numbers (mass numbers) as a result of having a different number of neutrons in their nuclei. Although the chemical properties of each isotope of a given element are nearly identical, they differ in their atomic weights and physical characteristics.
191.86 =(62% x 194.96 + 38% x X )
where, X is the mass of other Isotope.
X = (191.86 - 120.8752)/0 .38
= 186.80
Parent and Daughter IsotopesThe initial radioisotope and the isotope that results from radioactive decay may not be the same. The atoms created by the reaction are known as daughter isotopes, whereas the original isotope is known as the parent isotope. It's possible to get different kinds of daughter isotopes.
As an illustration, the uranium atom is the parent isotope and the thorium atom is the daughter isotope when U-238 decays into Th-234.
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An oil separates crude oil into its components by distillation. some compoents are altered:______
An oil separates crude oil into its components by distillation. some components are altered by cracking and Reforming.
The crude oil contains many petroleum products like petrol , diesel , Mobil oil coaltar and many more with impurities So, now it is very important to separated it into components to use all product individually in pure form.
The separation process are based on fraction distillation because all petroleum products have different density and boiling points. All products are separated at different temperature.
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A mole is a name for a specific number of things. What is the value of a mole? write the number using scientific notation. By what other name is it known? (2 points)
The value of a mole is 6.022 ×[tex]10^{23}[/tex]. The other name of mole is Avogadro's number.
The mole is define as 6.022 ×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] of the chemical unit like atoms , molecules, ions or others.It is very convenient unit because of huge numbers o f atoms, molecules or others. This is very important unit used by chemist.
One mole = atomic Mass of atoms / molecular mass of molecule
Example: one mole of sodium = 23 g = atomic mass
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In the redox reaction below, which is the reducing agent?
MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2Cl–(aq) Right arrow. Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl2(g)
CI–
CI2
Mn2+
MnO2
In the following redox reaction, the reducing agent is MnO2 (option D). Details about reducing agent can be found below.
What is a reducing agent?A reducing agent in a redox reaction is any substance that reduces, or donates electrons to another, hence, it becomes oxidized.
According to this question, a redox reaction is given as follows: MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2Cl–(aq) = Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl2(g)
As shown in the equation, MnO2 is oxidized into Mn2+, therefore, it is the reducing agent.
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What component(s) of msa make(s) this media selective? choose all correct answers: a. phenol red b. agar c. mannitol d. sodium chloride
The component(s) of msa make(s) this media selective for sodium chloride.
MSA is a medium which has both differential as well as selective properties. The distinguishing feature is the high salt content (7.5%). On just this high salt concentration, Staphylococcus species, which frequently inhabit human skin, can develop.
Streptococcus species, however, have their growth inhibited by the high salt content of the agar. Mannitol, a sugar, would be the MSA's unique component.
Resulting in high salt concentration, the sodium chloride in MSA ensures that only Staphylococci species survive. All more gram-positive bacteria are thereafter destroyed.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (d).
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In a mining community, groups of dead fish appear in a local river every few weeks. These fish kills coincide with incidents of mining waste dumped into the river. Which of the following components is an abiotic factor causing these fish kills?
Human activities
Biodiversity in the river
Water pollution
Overfishing
In a mining community, water pollution kills the fish in local river.
How does mining affect the rivers?Large amounts of water are frequently used in mining, which has the potential to contaminate local groundwater, rivers, streams, and other water sources. A community's ability to grow its own food may be hampered by mining since it consumes grazing or agricultural land and pollutes the soil and the environment.
Metals that leach from the rock also contaminate nearby water sources when they do so. chemical processing pollution: When minerals are extracted from their ores using cyanide or sulfuric acid and water, the runoff pollutes the rivers in the area.
Through erosion and sedimentation, dewatering of wetlands, diverting and channelizing streams, and poisoning surface water and aquifers with harmful chemicals, surface mining can have an impact on fish and aquatic resources.
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Answer:
a
Explanation: