There are four bases found in DNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Adenine forms a base pair with thymine, and cytosine forms a base pair with guanine. There is a one-to-one relationship in these base pairings (Chargaff’s rule), which means that if you know the percentage of any one of them within a given DNA sample, you can calculate the percentages of the other three. In this case, you're given the percentage of guanine, and you want to find out the percentage of adenine.
Since guanine base-pairs with cytosine and since there must be as much cytosine as there is guanine, 41% of the bases in this gene are cytosine as well. That means that adenine and thymine together make up the remaining 18% (100% − 41% G − 41% C) of the base pairs. If there must be an equivalence in the number of thymine and adenine bases per Chargaff's rule, then half of the remaining base pairs must comprise adenine and the other half comprise thymine. Half of 18% is 9%.
Thus, adenine makes up 9% of the bases in this gene.
Based on your cladogram, from oldest to newest, in what order did the three characteristics (flowers, multicellularity, and xylem/ phloem) evolve? *The purple lines represent a characteristic change or adaptation.*
Complete question:
You will find the cladogram in the attached files
Answer:
multicellularityxylem/phloemflowersExplanation:
Based on this cladogram, the order of changes was multicellularity, vascular system, flowers.
Multicellularity. The first division or point of divergence is located between moss and the rest of the organisms. Moss is included in the Bryophyta group, characterized for being the first terrestrial plants. They are not vascular plants, and their general structure is simple but pluricellular. Multicellularity implicates association between different cells that specialized in accomplishing different functions. This complex association works to make the organism survive. Algae might be unicellular or pluricellular. Although is not the same, unicellular algae might form colonies, that are groups of cells agglomerated.
Xylem/ Phloem: The second change is related to the vascular system. Cycads are gymnosperms. These are vascular plants that produce naked seeds. The vascular system developed by gymnosperms is very elaborated, with secondary growth, and including supporting cells that allow these plants to get bigger dimensions, particularly in height.
Flowers: The last change is related to the emergence of flowers. Arabidopsis is included in the angiosperm group, the most evolved one, with great capabilities of reproduction and dispersion. They have flowers, which carry the reproductive structures. Once occurred fertilization, fruits develop and carry the seeds. Flowers might be unisexual or hermaphrodites. Their vascular system is also very complex and adapted to different environments.
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!! Answer what you can.
What are two ways that variation can be described?
What are two definitions of evolution?
What is the theory of natural selection, and why does it occur in an organism? Give an example.
Answer:
1. variation in what ??!
2. Evolution is defined as the process of growth and development or the theory that organisms have grown and developed from thr past.
Evolution can also be defined as a naturally occurring slow, continuous and irreversible process of change. The drastic change of living oganisms from pre-existing organisms since the beginning of life.
Explanation:
sorry couldn't ans 2nd one
Define the verb "adapt". Does survival in a particular environment through coping is synonymous with evolution? Why or why not?
Answer:
The word adapt means to get adjusted to a change.
yes, survival in a certain environment is similar to evolution. Both must use adaptation in order for life to keep living through changes in the environment. Each help life sustain itself in a very unique way.
Explanation:
The word adapt means to get adjusted to a change.
Yes, survival in a certain environment is similar to evolution. Both must use adaptation in order for life to keep living through changes in the environment. Each help life sustain itself in a very unique way. In evolutionary theory, adaptation is the biological mechanism by which organisms adjust to new environments or to changes in their current environment. Adaptation is the process of adjusting something to better match it's environment or situation. Evolution is a broad term that refers to any change in anything over time.Learn more:
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Are you a boy or girl because of Mitosis or Meiosis?
Answer:
boy
Explanation:
In the process of glycolysis, four ATP molecules are synthesized from four ADP molecules. Why does glycolysis not yield four molecules of ATP?
A TWO ATP molecules are lost in the cytoplasm.
B. Two ATP molecules are converted immediately back to ADP.
C. Two ATP molecules are required to start the process.
D. Two ATP molecules are absorbed in the mitochondria
Answer:
c
Explanation:
two ATP molecules are required to start the process. initially when glucose is phosphorylated it requires energy which is provided by the hydrolysis of ATP so 2 molecules are used up.
Glycolysis does not yield four molecules of ATP because two ATP molecules are required to start the process. Hence option C is correct.
What is ATP?ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. It is defined as an organic substance that fuels a variety of functions in living cells, including chemical synthesis, condensate dissolution, nerve impulse transmission, and muscular contraction. When the cell needs energy, ATP can be taken out and used to fuel processes or stored for use in later ones.
Glycolysis is defined as the pyruvic or lactic acid is produced as a result of the enzymatic breakdown of a carbohydrate using phosphate derivatives, and energy is stored in ATP's high-energy phosphate bonds. A linear metabolic process called glycolysis uses enzymes to catalyze reactions that break down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate or lactate depending on whether oxygen is present.
Thus, Glycolysis does not yield four molecules of ATP because two ATP molecules are required to start the process. Hence option C is correct.
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Anti-malarial drugs kill the parasites in the blood but they do not cure the disease. That because;
a) It not treat the disease
b) The parasite has two hosts, human one of them
c) The blood not the place to fight Malaria
d) Malaria is a strong disease
Answer:
c) The blood not the place to fight Malaria
Explanation:
This wording is weird but I think it is C. Anti-malarial drugs are not for curing the disease because they only kill the parasites in the blood. Malaria develops in the blood stage and the liver. The anti-malarial drug kills the blood-stages of the parasite but not the liver ones. The liver ones can reinfect the blood and cause malaria again.
READING TOOL Make Connections Fill in the concept map to show the
organization of a chloroplast. Then below, answer the questions to describe how the
different parts are related to each other.
Chloroplast
Answer:
Chloroplast -----membranes----------internal
---------external
----- Tylacoids-------------Grana
----- Stroma
You will find the complete concept map in the attached files
Explanation:
Chloroplasts are composed of three membrane systems. Surrounding the organelle we can find the external membrane. To the interior of the organelle, there is the internal membrane. These two systems are separated by the intermembrane space. According to the endosymbiotic theory, the presence of a double membrane is the characteristic that reinforces the idea of a prokaryote being phagocyted by a eukaryote. The internal membrane looks identical to the membrane of bacterias, while the external membrane looks like the eukaryotic one.
Thylakoids are located in the interior of the organelle. These structures are also surrounded by a membrane, and in their interior, there is the thylakoid space. Each thylakoid looks like a hollow sac, and together with other thylakoids, they form piles, known as grana. Different piles or grana connect to each other by longer membranes. These internal structures together compose the third system of membranes. The photosynthetic pigments are located in the thylakoids, where it occurs the light-dependent reactions.
Surrounding the thylakoids there is a dense liquid called the stroma. Here takes a place the Calvin cycle.
explain why the biomass of foxes is less than the biomass of rabbits
Answer:
I hope and this result Will serve you
Domain
Kingdom
Species
.
Bacteria
Bacteria
Archaea
Archaea
Answer:
Eukaryea
Explanation:
is ebola a bacteriophage?
A plant that has purple flowers is crossed with one that has white flowers. The offspring were half white and half purple. What were the
genotypes of the parents?
Рpx pp
Pp x Pp
PP x PP
PP xww
C
Which is the preserved evidence of the activity of an organism a) cast b) mold c) fossil film d) trace fossil
Answer:
fossil film
Explanation:
A carbonaceous film or carbon film is an organism outline of a fossil. It is a type of fossil found in any rock when organic material is compressed, leaving only a carbon residue or film. ... Fossils usually form when sediment buries a dead organism.
The preserved evidence of the activity of an organism is trace fossil. The correct option is d.
What is trace fossil?Animal behavior is what creates a trace fossil. A trace fossil might be something like a dinosaur footprint or an arthropod burrow. Beetles' pre-fossilization burrows can be seen as holes in this petrified wood.
When an organism leaves an impression in mud or sand, a trace fossil is created. Sediment dries out and becomes harder.
A fresh sediment layer has been added on top of it. The remnant fossilizes as the sediment hardens into rock as a result of cementation and compaction.
Body fossils are the hard parts of an individual creature or plant that have been preserved over time. Trace fossils are the best-preserved examples of an organism's past activity.
Thus, the correct option is d.
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How has law enforcement and U.S racially effected black communities.
Explanation:
For example , black people may be arrested more frequently in part because they experience greater poverty.
This is worth 100 points. Please answer and do not skip over this question.
Humans often like to help wild animals. A marine biologist near the area where Anchor’s offspring are located has decided to feed them. He begins putting medicine in the food that keeps the pups from contracting infections common to sharks in the area. Because of this, nearly all of Anchor’s offspring survive to adulthood. Eventually, the marine biologist gets a job transfer and leaves the area. Predict what we may see in the following generation (Anchor’s grandpops). Will they still be fitter than other sharks?
Answer:
I would predict that the the following generation will have a large amount of pups that are eaten by the sharks.
This question seems like its asking about natural selection.
"Natural selection is the process when organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring"
Explanation:
If the marine biologist did not give the pups medicine in the first generation, the pups that were less fit or not adaptive to the enviroment to naturally survive the infections would have died. This would have prevented these pups from passing on their genes.
The next generation would consists of pups that are more immune to the sickness or more fit for their enviroment and might experiece less pups to die.
most organisms have more offspring than will survive ?
Why do you only need one copy of a dominant trait gene to have that trait?
Answer:
Each gamete contains a single copy of every chromosome contains one allele for every gene. There for, each allele for a givin gene is packaged into a separate gamete. For example: a fly with the genotype Bb will produce two types of gametes:B and b
I’ll mark u as brainliest! Correct answer only
Why are there tectonic plates?
Answer:
there are tectonic plates so the earth keeps evolving.
Explanation:
1. Some bacteria in the colon help in making vitamin K. What is the
function of vitamin K?
A. helps fight infections
B. important for heart health
C. essential in helping blood to clot after an injury
D. Important for bone growth
Brainiest if right
Answer: A. Essential in helping blood clot after an injury
Explanation:
Vitamin K's function is essential in helping the blood to clot after an injury. So, the correct option is C.
What is Vitamin K?The fat-soluble vitamin K is an important component of bone metabolism and blood coagulation. Both vitamin K1 (phylloquinone), which is found in green leafy vegetables, and vitamin K2 (menaquinone), which is produced by bacteria in the colon and is also present. In some animal-based diets, there are two main forms of vitamin K.
Structurally related, a series of fat-soluble vitamins known as vitamin K are present in foods and sold as dietary supplements. Vitamin K is needed by the human body for the synthesis of many proteins necessary for blood coagulation or to regulate calcium binding in bones and other tissues. Vitamin K's function is essential in helping the blood to clot after an injury.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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In which cells, photosynthesis doesn’t occur?
Our voices communicate _____.
a.
thoughts
b.
emotions
c.
credibility
d.
all of the above
Answer:
D All of the above
Explanation:
All people use comunicatiln for each and every thing that is listed.
helppppppp like frrrrrr
Answer:
A = rough er
B = chloroplast
D = Cytoplasm
C = most likely a lysosome
E = cell wall
What causes there to be a H+ ion concentration gradient to build up inside the thylakoid space? Check all that apply. a. The electrons provide energy for the H+ pump to transport more H+ ions into the thylakoid space. b. A special enzyme produces more H+ ions. c. Photons of light create more H+ ions. d. The photolysis of water releases H+ ions into the thylakoid space.
Answer:
a. The electrons provide energy for the H+ pump to transport more H+ ions into the thylakoid space.
d. The photolysis of water releases H+ ions into the thylakoid space.
Explanation:
This question describes the first stage of photosynthesis, which is LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION. The light dependent reactions involve creating ATP (energy carrier) and NADPH (electron carrier) needed for the Calvin cycle (light independent stage) to occur.
The ATP is formed by pumping hydrogen ions (H+) into the thylakoid space/lumen, hence, creating a electrochemical gradient needed for ATP synthase to synthesize ATP. The buildup of H+ ions is caused by:
- The electrons that arise when light photons hit a chlorophyll molecule is used to provide energy for the H+ pump to transport more H+ ions into the thylakoid space.
- The photolysis of water results in the production of electrons (e-) and hydrogen ions (H+). These hydrogen ions are released into the thylakoid space.
Botanists divide the plant kingdom into five major groups. What are the 5 groups?
Answer:
Thallophyta.
Bryophyta.
Pteridophyta.
Gymnosperms.
Angiosperms.
Explanation:
these are the names of the 5 plant kingdom groups
Where are stem cells found in animals
In the lower layers of the skin and small intestines
May Nilbin Be With You
Compare mitosis with meiosis by filling in the chart below:
Mitosis
Meiosis
Characteristic
22. In what type of cells does this type of cell division
occur?
23. How many cells are formed at the end of the
process?
24. Are the resulting daughter cells the same or different
than the mother cell?
25. If the process begins with a diploid mother cell, will
the daughter cells be haploid or diploid?
26. Are tetrads formed?
27. Does crossing over occur?
Answer:
22:- in mitosis stem cells and somatic cells cell division occurs and in meoisis germ cells cell division occurs
23:- at end of mitosis 2 daughter cells formed and meiosis 4 daughter cells formed
24:- in mitosis cells are same and in meiosis cells are different
l know only those questions answers
A computer model is a ________.
1.physical model
2.mathematical model
3. way to evaluate simple systems
Answer:
physical model
Explanation:
Where does the mRNA go after it is produced?
Answer:
The mRNA goes after it is produced is made messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded RNA molecule that is complementary to one of the DNA strands of a gene. The mRNA is an RNA version of the gene that leaves the cell nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm where proteins are made.
Explanation:
mRNA formed in the nucleus is transported out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm where it attaches to the ribosomes. Proteins are assembled on the ribosomes using the mRNA nucleotide sequence as a guide. Thus mRNA carries a “message” from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
20 POINTS AND BRAINLEST!
5. How is density affected when?
(a) the temperature increases
(b) the depth increases
(c) the latitude increases
(d) the salinity increases
Answer: he is not correct
Explanation:
incorrect bud
how does the number of chromosomes in a gamete compare to the number of chromosomes in an organism
Answer:
In any given asexually reproducing species, the chromosome number is always the same.