Scurvy was a serious disease that 18th-century sailors often came down with on their long-distance voyages overseas. The cause of scurvy was not known at the time, and the cure was not always accepted.

A famous British explorer named James Cook decided to put his crew on a strict diet plan that he hoped might prevent his sailors from getting the illness. One food Captain Cook required his sailors to eat was sauerkraut. Interestingly, none of his sailors ever died from scurvy.

Today, we know that scurvy is caused by a lack of vitamin C. Although Captain Cook did not realize that sauerkraut had this important nutrient, his plan helped keep his sailors healthy. (5 points)

a. Who was the scientist in the above story? (1 point)

b. What "experiment" did he do? (1 point)

c. What "chemicals" were used in his experiment? (1 point)

d. How did this "scientist" use his knowledge to serve others? (1 point)

e. What does this story tell you about where chemicals can be found and who can be a scientist? (1 point)

The constitutional isomers of C5H12 are pentane, 2-methylbutane, isopentane, 2,2-dimethylpropane, and cyclopentane.

Pentane:

H-C-C-C-C-H

    |   |   |

H-C-C-C-H

2-Methylbutane:

H-C-C-C-C-H

  |   |   |

H-C-C-C-H

 |

CH3

Isopentane:

H-C-C-C-C-H

|   |   |

H-C-C-C-H

   |

CH3

2,2-Dimethylpropane:

H-C-C-C-C-H

|   |   |

H-C-C-C-H

 |   |

CH3-C-CH3

Cyclopentane:

     H

      \

       C-C-C-C-C

       /

     H

Isomers:

Isomers are compounds that have the same chemical formula but different atomic arrangements. They may be constitutional isomers, which have different atomic arrangements in their main chain, or stereoisomers.

Isomers can also be classified as positional isomers, which differ in the position of a functional group within a molecule.

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The molarity of the sodium ion is 0.31 M while the molarity of the sulfate ion is 0.62 M.

First of all, we would have to establish that the molarity would be the same as the concentration of the substance. We know that we can be able to obtain the concentration from the number of moles and the volume of the solution thus we would need to use the mass the substance that we have to be able to obtain the number of moles of the solution that we have.

Mass of the sodium sulfate = mass/molar mass

18 g/142 g/mol

= 0.13 moles

Now we know that;

Molarity of the substance = 0.13 moles/0.21 L

= 0.62 M

Number of moles of the sodium ions = 0.62 M/2 = 0.31 M

Number of moles of the sulfate ions =  0.62 M

These are the ions in the solution.

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The number of objects in one mole of something is determined by Avogadro's constant.

Avogadro is known for his contributions to science related to Avogadro's Law, which is a law that states the relationship between the volume of a gas and the number of molecules.

The results of his research were published in 1811 in the Journal de Physique De Lamétherie, de Chimie et d'Histoire naturelle.

In addition, Avogadro also succeeded in formulating the Molecular Theory, which stated that particles could be composed of molecules, where these molecules could be composed of simpler units or atoms.

For this service, the world of science today knows the name Avogadro's Number or Constant = 6.022 × 10²³

This number or constant is used to express the number of particles in one mole of a substance.

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Transform something quickly: Using the molecular mass finder and the number of moles of CuSO4, 1 mole of Copper(II) sulphate equals 159.6086 gram.

1 mole in grams, how much?

Theoretically, the Carbon-12 atom has this atomic mass   As a result, a mole of carbon is exactly equivalent to a gram of carbon, or its atomic mass or weight (12 grams). It is known as a 1 molecular (1M) solution when a substance is dissolved in 1 liter of liquid (1mol/L), a 0.5 molecular (0.5M) solution when it is dissolved in 2 liters of liquid (0.5mol/L), and so on.

What is 1 mole's molarity?

A solution that contains 1 mole of a substance dissolved in a volume of 1 litre is known as a 1 molar solution. For instance: One mole (or one gram) of table salt (NaCl) has a molecular weight of 58.44, making 58.44g the molecular mass of one gram. The number of molecules per liter, denoted by the unit signature mol/L or mol/dm3 for SI units, is the most often used unit denoting molarity in chemistry. One mol/L of a solution's concentration is referred to as one molar, or 1 M.

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Answer:

electrically positive protons and electrically neutral neutrons.

Explanation:

Atomic nuclei consist of electrically positive protons and electrically neutral neutrons. These are held together by the strongest known fundamental force, called the strong force. The nucleus makes up much less than . 01% of the volume of the atom, but typically contains more than 99.9% of the mass of the atom.

Answer;

Protons and Neutrons

Explanation;

Well, a nucleus consists of protons and neutrons, soo these are the particles

hence Neutrons and Protons.

Jill combines two different sorts of HCl (hydrochloric acid) concentrations: 0. 375 liters of 25% and 0. 625 liters of 65%. The mixed solution will have an HCl concentration of 1L of 50% HCl.

In this case, we're interested in learning the concentration of HCl as a proportion of the total amount.

First off, the combined volume is 0.375 + 0.625 = 1 L.

The percentage can be calculated as follows:

37.5% of the required 25% is present.

while 62.5% of the 75% are in presence

When we talk about the percentage present, we're talking about the 1 total liter that is there.

Consequently, the final mixture's concentration will be;

(37.5% of 25) + (62.5% of 65)

= 9.375% + 40.625%

50% is obtained by adding both.

Therefore, the concentration is 1L of 50% HCl.

Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was

Jill mixes two types of concentrations od hci (hydrochloric acid) 0.375 liters of 25% hydrochloric acid and 0.625 liters of 65% hydrochloric acid. what is the hcl concentration in the mixed solution?

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One mole of magnesium chloride has a mass of 95 g. Then the mass of 4.25 moles of magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) is 403.7 g.

Magnesium chloride is an ionic compound with the chemical formula, MgCl₂. It formed through the donation of two valence electrons from the metal magnesium to the chlorine atoms.

The mass of one mole of a compound is called its molar mass. The number of moles of the compound is then the ratio of its given mass to the molar mass.

Atomic mass of Mg = 24 g/mol

atomic mass of Cl = 35.5 g/mol

mass of 2 Cl = 71 g

Then, molar mass of MgCl₂ = 24 +  71 g = 95 g/mol

One mole of  MgCl₂ is 95 g. Then, mass of 4.25 moles of MgCl₂ is

4.95 × 95 = 403.7 g

Therefore, the mass of 4.95 moles of MgCl₂ is 403.7 g.

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Covalent bonds are frequently created between the non-metals. These bonds are produced when the atoms are linked electrons. Knowing the number of covalent bonds that exist between any two atoms.

On the exterior of the nucleus, the negative charge particles termed as electrons spin. They spin so swiftly that it can be hard for scientists to keep up with them. The tiniest particle in an atom are drawn towards the metal cation of the protons; 2000 of them can fit within one proton.

The electron, the smallest constituent part of an atom, has a negatively charged. The quantity of protons and electrons in an atom is equal.

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Air Temperature is the manipulated variable for the global warming.

Explain about global warming?

Global warming is the long-term warming of the planet due to human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, which release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, raising the Earth’s average temperature. Global warming is causing sea levels to rise, glaciers and Arctic ice to melt, and more extreme weather events, such as heat waves, droughts, floods, and hurricanes. In addition, global warming is affecting ecosystems and biodiversity, as species struggle to adapt to the changing climate. To address global warming, we must reduce our greenhouse gas emissions and transition to renewable energy sources.

The manipulated variable for the global warming experiment is Air Temperature. This is because Iker is measuring the air temperature on the half of the building with the rooftop garden and the half of the building without the garden in order to compare the difference in air temperature between the two locations.

Therefore, option a Air Temperature is the correct answer.

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A 1 liter volumetric flask can be filled with distilled water until it reaches the graduation mark, 58.44 g of NaCl and this amount of salt can be used to create a 1M solution of the salt.

In this case, we must determine the volume of the solution as well as the mass of sodium chloride (NaCl) required to make a 1 molar solution of the salt.

The molarity formula,  

Molarity=Moles of Solute Volume of Solution, must be used.

The whole solution, in steps:

The moles of NaCl must first be determined. The solution has a 1 M molarity and a 1 L volume.

As a result, moles of NaCl may be computed as,

1 liter of solution equals 1 mole of NaCl.

1 M x 1 L equals 1 mol of NaCl.

In light of this, there is one mol of NaCl in the solution.

Using the quantity of NaCl's moles, we must now determine the mass of NaCl.

Math processing error: Number of moles

58.44 g/mol is the molar mass of sodium chloride, which has a molecular weight of 1 mol.

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So, to create a 1 M solution, we'll need 58.44 g of NaCl.

We will now talk about making a NaCl solution at a single molar strength.

A 1 liter volumetric flask can be filled with distilled water until it reaches the graduation mark, 58.44 g of NaCl and this amount of salt can be used to create a 1M solution of the salt.

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There are 64g grams of oxygen are in a sample of carbon dioxide (CO₂) that has 24 grams of carbon.

First, carbon and oxygen combine to create CO₂as shown below.

C + O₂ => CO₂

The equation states that one mole of carbon combines with one mole of oxygen to produce one mole of carbon dioxide.

Since C's molar mass is 12 g/mol and O's is 16 g/mol

A mole of (C) weighs 12g.

O₂ is composed of 16(2) = 32g per mole.

As a result, 24g of C would equal 24 32 / 12.

= 768/12

= 64g

Therefore, if there was 24g of carbon, there would be 64g of oxygen.

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1. Na₃P = Ionic compound ; 2. N₂O = covalent compound ; 3. CaSO₄ = Ionic compound; 4. Cl₂O₇ = covalent compound.

When a metal and a nonmetal react, ionic compounds are typically created (or a polyatomic ion). When two nonmetals interact chemically, covalent molecules are produced. As it is a nonmetal, binary compounds containing hydrogen are covalent compounds as well.

An atom can participate in covalent and ionic bonds that are considered as the two main types of bonds. By  electron sharing, two or more than two atoms can form covalent bonds. When two or more than two ions come together, their opposing charges bind them together to form ionic bonds.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Use the definition of molality to guide you to find what is needed to solve for molality.

molality = mol of solute/kg of solvent

Step 1: Find molar mass of Na2SO4

Na: 2 x 23.00 g = 46.00 g

S: 1 x 32.06 g = 32.06 g

O: 4 x 16.00 g = 64.00 g

Molar mass of Na2SO4 = 142.06 g/mol

Step 2: Convert 10.0 g Na2SO4 into moles using molar mass of Na2SO4 from step 1.

10.0 g x (1 mol/142.06 g) = 0.070393 mol

Note that grams cancel and you are left with moles.

Step 3: Convert 1000.0 g of water into kilograms of water. Remember that 1000 g = 1 kg.

1000.0 g x (1 kg/1000g) = 1.0000 kg water

Note that grams cancel and you are left with kilograms.

Step 3: Use the definition of molality to find molality for this solution. The solute is Na2SO4. The solvent is water.

Definition of molality = mol of solute/kg of solvent

molality = 0.070383 mol/1.0000 kg

molality = 0.070393 m

There are 3 significant figures in 10.0 g and 5 significant figures in 1000.0 g. Use the least number of significant figures when multiplying or dividing. In this case 10.0 g has the least number of significant figures. The final answer with the correct number of significant figures is 0.0704 m.

Answer:

134.4 L

Explanation:

At standard temperature and pressure (S.T.P) one mole of any given gas occupies 22.414 dm^3 or 22.414 L (as 1 dm^3 = 1 L ).

So 2 moles at S.T.P would occupy: 2 x 22.414 L = 44.8 L

Similarly,

6 moles of a gas at S.T.P would occupy: 6 x 22.414 = 134.4 L

Answer: 134.4 L

Explanation:

6 moles of a gas at S.T.P would occupy: 6 x 22.414 = 134.4 L

Absorption in digestion is the absorption of nutrients from the small intestine and it is important so that they can be used as energy by the body.

The digestive system is a process carried out by the digestive organ system to process food so that its nutrients can be absorbed by the body and converted into energy.

Absorption is the process of absorbing simple molecules/nutrients through the epithelial cells and villi that comprise them which are then carried into the bloodstream.

The small intestine is part of the digestive tract that completes the digestive process and absorbs nutrients. After food is completely digested both chemically by enzymes, most of the nutrients will be absorbed in the jejunum into the bloodstream which is then used for body energy. Nutrients are used by the body for growth and development, if the intestines cannot absorb nutrients, the body will not have the energy to grow and develop.

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285 grams of acetylene at standard temperature and pressure (STP) have a volume of 24.45 liters.

To find the volume of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP), you can use the ideal gas law: PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature.

STP is defined as 0 °C (273.15 K) and 1 atm (101.325 kPa)

First, we need to find the number of moles of acetylene. To do this, we use the molar mass of C2H2 which is 26.04 g/mol

n = m / M

n = 285 g / 26.04 g/mol

n = 10.9 moles

Then we can use the ideal gas law to find the volume in liters:

V = nRT / P

V = (10.9 moles) * (0.08206 Latmmol^-1*K^-1) * (273.15 K) / (101.325 kPa)

V = 24.45 L

Therefore, 285 grams of acetylene at standard temperature and pressure (STP) have a volume of 24.45 liters.

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The isomerization of cyclopropane to propylene is a first-order process with a half-life of 19 minutes at 500oc. The time it takes for the partial pressure of cyclopropane to decrease from 1. 0 atmosphere to 0. 125 atmosphere at 500oc is closest to 57 minutes.

First, we must get the rate constant.

k= 0.693/ 19 = 0.0365 min⁻¹

Now we need to figure out how long decay takes.

First order kinetics' expression for the rate law is provided by:

t= (2.303/k) log a/(a-x)

where,

Rate constant = k

t = time it took for decay to occur.

Initial reactant pressure equals 1.0 atm, or a.

After the process of decay, a - x equals 0.125 atm of pressure.

After entering all the values into the equation above, we get

t= (2.303/0.0365) log 1/(1-0.125)

t = 57 min

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The volume of water must you add have ready to add your acid to (in mL) to prepare a solution with a nitric acid molar concentration of 2.895 M and a volume of 602.244 mL is 487.02 mL

The dilution formula is used to determine the concentration and volume of reagents in a dilution process of acids, bases, or any other solution.

The dilution formula is:

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

where;

C₁ is the initial concentration

V₁ is the initial volume

C₂ is the final concentration

V₂ is the final volume

Using the dilution formula:

V₁ = C₂V₂/C₁

V₁ = 602.44 * 2.895 / 15.110

V₁ = 115.42 mL

The volume of water needed = 602.44 - 115.42 mL

The volume of water needed = 487.02 mL

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Answer:

see full answer in below

Explanation:

Convection occurs when heat is transferred through a fluid, such as air or water. Heat is transferred by three main mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation. Convection occurs when the molecules of a fluid are heated, causing them to move faster and become less dense. This causes the warmer, less dense fluid to rise above the cooler, denser fluid, creating a convection current. This current transfers energy from the warmer fluid to the cooler fluid, allowing heat to be transferred throughout the system.

Answer:

Conduction: Heat traveling through a solid material. On hot days, heat is conducted into your home through the roof, walls, and windows.

Explanation:

That's a quick answer from gooogle, i hope this helps you :D

Answer:

Heat transfers through solid materials via conduction. The roof, walls, and windows of your house all carry heat on hot days.

Explanation:

The ratio of magnesium to bromine in the compound will be 1:2 that is option D obtained by the electronic configuration.

The arrangement of electrons in an atom, molecule, or other physical structure is referred to as its electron configuration; for instance, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6.

One orbital can accommodate a maximum of two electrons and comes in four different shapes: s, p, d, and f. Because they contain various sublevels, the p, d, and f orbitals may each hold more electrons. As previously mentioned, the electron configuration of each element depends on where it sits in the periodic table.

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No luminaires shall be installed for operation on supply circuits over 150 volts between conductors. Luminaires mounted in walls shall be installed with the top of the luminaire lens not less than 450 mm (18 in.)

In an electrical installation, what is a luminaire?

A luminaire, also known as a light fixture, is a complete lighting assembly that includes one or more lamps (light bulbs or tubes), a socket and other protective elements, wiring that links the lamp to a power source, and a reflector to help direct and spread the light.

The construction, installation, or inclusion of shades or guards on luminaires is required to prevent the exposure of combustible materials to temperatures above 90°C (194°F). Unswitched lamp holders must be used above materials that are very flammable.

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No, particles of different masses do not have the same average speed at a given temperature.

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles. Since particles of different masses have different amounts of kinetic energy due to their different masses, they will have different average speeds.

This means that particles of different masses do not have the same average speed at a given temperature. The higher the mass of the particle, the lower the average speed at the same temperature.

This is because when the mass of the particle increases, the amount of kinetic energy also increases, resulting in a slower average speed. On the other hand, particles with a lower mass will have a higher average speed at the same temperature because they have less kinetic energy.

This is why particles of different masses do not have the same average speed at a given temperature.

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The overall pressure exerted by a mixture of non-reactive gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases, according to Dalton's Law, also known as Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures.

The partial pressure law of Dalton states that

The sum of the partial pressures of the various gases determines the overall pressure that a mixture of gases exerts.

mathematical formula:

P(total) = P1 + P2 +... P (n)

P1 = One gas's partial pressure

P2 is the second gas's partial pressure.

Pn is the partial pressure of n gases.

so to find the patial pressure can be cal culate as follows

P (n)= P(total) - P1 + P2+....

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The amount of phosphoric acid that can be formed from 36.4 grams of sulfuric acid would be 24.50 grams.

Phosphoric acid can be formed from sulfuric acid when the acid is reacted with calcium phosphate according to the following balanced equation:

[tex]Ca_3(PO_4)_2 + 3H_2SO_4 -- > 3CaSO_4 + 2H_3PO_4[/tex]

From the equation of the reaction, the mole ratio of sulfuric acid to phosphoric acid is 3:2.

The equivalent mole of 36.4 grams of sulfuric acid would be:

Mole = mass/molar mass

       = 36.4/98

      = 0.37 mol

From the mole ratio, the mole of phosphoric acid formed would be:

2/3 x 0.37 = 0.25 mol

Mass of 0.25 mol phosphoric acid = 0.25 x 98 = 24.50 grams

In other words, the amount of phosphoric acid that would be formed from 36.4 grams of sulfuric acid will be 24.50 grams.

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8.00 moles is the total moles of [tex]4.82 * 10^2^4[/tex] atoms of helium gas. So, the correct option is (D).

The mole is defined as the amount of matter of a system containing as many elementary elements as atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon 12; Its symbol is "Mol". It consists of the amount of a substance which is [tex]6.022 * 10^2^3[/tex] units like particle, atom, ion, molecule etc. of the given substance where a mole measures the number of atoms, ions or molecules.

[tex]Number of moles= \frac{Number of molecules}{Avogadro's number}[/tex]

For above given information,

[tex]Number of moles=\frac{4.82 * 10^2^4}{6.023* 10^2^3}[/tex]

                         = 0.8002*10= 8.002 moles

Thus, 8.00 moles is the total moles of [tex]4.82 * 10^2^4[/tex] atoms of helium gas. So, the correct option is (D).

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The total moles of 4.82 x 10²⁴ atoms of helium gas is  8 moles . Hence, option (D) is correct.

The Avogadro constant is a proportionality factor that compares the number of constituent particles (typically molecules, atoms, or ions) in a sample to the amount of substance in that sample.

1 mole of Helium gas has 6.02 × 10²³.

Hence, 4.82×10²⁴ atoms of  Helium gas  refers =  ( 4.82×10²⁴ ÷  6.02 × 10²³) moles of  helium gas

= 8 moles of  helium gas.

The total moles of 4.82 x 10²⁴ atoms of helium gas is  8 moles .

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Ethanol, a type of grain alcohol that may be combined with gasoline and used in vehicles, is beneficial to the environment because it is a renewable fuel that is produced from biomass.

Additionally, ethanol burns cleaner and more thoroughly than either gasoline or diesel. Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere as the grain or biomass used to produce ethanol takes it in as part of its growth process, making ethanol a cleaner alternative to gasoline.

By using grain-based ethanol instead of gasoline, greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by 44-52%, as reported by the Argonne National Laboratory of the United States Department of Energy. Similarly, a team of experts from Harvard, MIT, and Tufts found that modern corn ethanol reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 46% compared to gasoline.

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The correct pairing from the following possibilities is CH2CH2OCH2CH3, reacts with acid to form an ammonium salt.

The measured pseudo-first-order rate constants (k) and their dependence on salt concentrations Here, we plot the rate constants as a function of cation (ammonium or sodium) concentration rather than the overall ionic strength because we observe that ammonium ion concentration better correlates with changes in the observed rate constants.

Decarboxylation of OAA occurs slowly in pure water, and we remeasured the rate of this process in control experiments. The change in the absorbance spectrum over time can We determined the uncatalyzed rate constant for the decarboxylation to be (5.24 ± 0.95) × 10−5 s−1 as an average and standard deviation of two measurements, which shows good agreement with previous work (5.5 × 10−5 s−1).20.

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The current for facial and scalp treatments is measured in milliamperes.

A unit that measures the resistance of an electric current. A measurement of how much electric energy is in one second.

Electric current is measured using the milliampere unit. The electrical current that is equal to the passage of one coulomb per second is one milliampere or 1/1,000 of an ampere. The SI base unit for electric current is the ampere, and the milliampere is a multiple of the ampere. "Milli" serves as the metric prefix for the numbers 10-3. Sometimes a milliampere is referred to as a milliamp. The abbreviation for milliamperes is mA; for instance, 1 mA can be used to represent 1 milliampere.

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