The disk of a spiral galaxy supports itself against its own gravity through the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of its stars.
How does the rotation of stars in a spiral galaxy's disk counteract gravitational collapse?The rotation of stars in a spiral galaxy's disk generates a centrifugal force that acts in opposition to the inward force of gravity. This centrifugal force creates a balance, preventing the collapse of the disk toward the galaxy's center.
In a spiral galaxy, such as our Milky Way, the disk consists of billions of stars, gas, and dust arranged in a flattened, rotating structure. The gravitational force between these objects tends to pull them inward. However, the rotation of the disk introduces a counteracting force—the centrifugal force.
As the stars and other matter in the disk orbit around the galactic center, they experience an outward force due to their angular momentum.
The combination of gravity and centrifugal force leads to a stable equilibrium where the inward gravitational force is balanced by the outward centrifugal force.
This equilibrium allows the spiral galaxy's disk to maintain its structure over long periods of time.
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Using the criteria you described in your previous answer, how would you compare solar power to fossil fuel power?
Solar power differ to fossil fuel power in that solar power is a much more optimal resource than fossil fuels
Solar power; however provides much more energy than fossil fuel powerInterestingly too, solar power resource can be used without releasing greenhouse gases compared to fossil fuels powerInfact, solar energy is the most reliable What is renewable energy?Renewable energy simply refers to energy that is not depleted when used. An example of such is solar power.
So therefore, solar power differ to fossil fuel power in that solar power is a much more optimal resource than fossil fuels
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A person sits at rest on a chair. The gravitational force on the person (their weight) is one half of an action-reaction pair. Which force is the other half?
Normal is the other half of an action-reaction pair
If a person is sitting on a chair , there must be a gravitation force acting in downward direction which is equal to the weight of that person . That means the person is exerting a force on the chair equal to its weight . But the person is not falling down the chair , because of newtons third law of motion .
There must be a counter force which is equal and opposite to the force exerted by the person on the chair , in order to make net force equal to zero and to make that man in stationary state ( no movement ) .That force is called Normal force which is been acted by the chair on the person .This implies Normal is the other half of an action-reaction pair
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Which type of graph could be easily converted into a pie chart?
A. Variable plot
B. Scatter plot
C. Bar graph
D. Line graph
Answer:
D.Linegraph
Explanation:
Linegraph could be easily converted into a pie chart
Answer:
bar graph
Explanation:
Dr. Albert gets a spark from the static in the door knob. He is not hurt. However, the electric _____ is high.
Dr. Albert gets a spark from the static in the door knob. He is not hurt. However, the electric current is high.
What is the static spark?
Sparks that are considered "static" have a massive momentary current and power (momentary like less than a millionth of a second.) However, the overall wattage of these sparks is exceedingly low. It's really too little to harm your muscles with heat (or even any warming a thermometer could detect.)
Negative and positive charges in an object must balance out for static electricity to occur. These charges may accumulate on an object's surface until they can be released or discharged. They can be discharged via a circuit, for example.
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A relief plane flying horizontally at 65.0 m/s is delivering a
food package to people stranded on an island. If the
island is a horizontal distance of 789 m away,
how high is the plane?
(Unit = m)
22000
Ay (m)
mily
The height of the plane delivering a food package to people stranded on an island is 722.2 m.
Time of motion of the food package
The time taken for the food package to hit the ground level is calculated as follows;
X = vt
where;
X is horizontal distance traveled by the food packagev is horizontal distancet is time of motiont = X/v
t = 789/65
t = 12.14 seconds
Height of the planeh = ¹/₂gt²
where;
h is height of fall of the food package which is height of the planet is time of motion of food packageg is acceleration due to gravityh = (0.5)(9.8)(12.14²)
h = 722.2 m
Thus, the height of the plane delivering a food package to people stranded on an island is 722.2 m.
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Answer:
722.2
Explanation:
Jim climbs up a rope from an initial height of 1.30 m to a final height of 3.20 m. If Jim's mass is 45 kg, what is the change in his gravitational potential energy? Group of answer choices 1980 J 187 J 85.5 J 838 J
The change in the gravitational potential energy of the boy is 838 J.
So the correct choice is 838 J.
What is gravitational potential energy?
The energy possessed by an object due to its position from the chosen reference point when gravity is acting on that object is called gravitational potential energy.
The formula to calculate the difference in the potential energy is given by the formula,
U=m*g*h
where U is the difference in the potential energy, m is the mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height difference between the initial height and the final height.
The height difference is given by the formula,
h=h2-h1
where h2 is the final height and h1 is the initial height.
Given that the initial height is 1.30 m and the final height is 3.20 m, substitute h1=1.30 m and h2=3.20 m in the formula of height to calculate the height difference.
h=3.20-1.30
h=1.90 m
The mass of the boy is 45 kg and the value of g is 9.8 m/s^2. Substitute m=45 kg, g=9.8 m/s^2, and h=1.90 m in the formula of the gravitational potential energy to calculate the difference in the gravitational potential energy.
U=45*9.8*1.90
U=837.9 J
U≈838
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Five stars are shown on the following H-R diagrams. Rank the stars based on their surface temperature from highest to lowest. If two (or more) stars have the same surface temperature, drag one star on top of the other(s).
All five stars appear at the same place along the horizontal axis showing spectral type.
Because spectral type is related to surface temperature, all five stars must have the same surface temperature.
Now proceed to Part C to determine how these stars vary in luminosity.
What is a Star?This refers to the heavenly body that is a natural luminous body that is visible in the sky, especially at night
Hence, we can see that based on the ranking of stars, the surface temperature of each star is taken into account, and based on their spectral type, the stars all have the same temperature.
Therefore, to show the difference between the stars, their luminous intensity needs to be analyzed,
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An object placed 10.40 cm from a concave spherical mirror produces a real image 7.80 cm from the mirror. If the object is moved to a new position 20.0 cm from the mirror, what is the position of the image
The position of the image, if the object moved to new position 20.0 cm from the mirror is 5.7372 cm.
As per the lens equation,
[tex]\frac{1}{p1} +\frac{1}{q1} =\frac{1}{f}[/tex]
Since, p1 is the position of object initially, q1 is the position of the image initially and f is the focal length of the lens.
[tex]\frac{1}{10.4} +\frac{1}{7.8} =\frac{1}{f}[/tex]
[tex]0.0961+0.1282=\frac{1}{f}[/tex]
[tex]f=4.458[/tex] is the focal length of the given lens.
Then the object moved to second position of p2=20.0 cm from the mirror.
So, [tex]\frac{1}{p2} +\frac{1}{q2} =\frac{1}{f}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{1}{20} +\frac{1}{q2} =\frac{1}{4.458}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{1}{q2}=0.2243-\frac{1}{20}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{1}{q2}=0.1743[/tex]
Hence, q2=5.7372 cm is the new position of the image.
Initially, the object placed 10.40 cm from the mirror, then the image formed at 7.80 cm, then the object moved to 20.0 cm from the mirror, then the new image formed at 5.74 cm.
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A coin slides over a frictionless plane and across an xy coordinate system from the origin to a point with xy coordinates (3.0 m, 4.0 m) while a constant force acts on it. The force has magnitude 2.0 N and is directed at a counterclockwise angle of 100 from the positive direction of the x axis. How much work is done by the force on the coin during the displacement
Work done by the force is 6.802 Joule
Given:
Therefore displacement of coin along x axis,x=3m
displacement of coin along y-axis,y=4m
force has magnitude = 2.0 N
To Find:
Work done by the force
Solution: Work is done whenever a force moves something over a distance. You can calculate the energy transferred, or work done, by multiplying the force by the distance moved in the direction of the force.
component of force along x-axis, F = 2.0Ncos100
F = 2x(-.173)
F = -(.346)N
component of force in y direction,F₁ = 2.0sin100
F = 2x(.98)
F = 1.96N
work is done by the force on the coin during the displacement will be given as
W = Fx*x + Fy*y
W = -(.346) x 3m + 1.96 x 4
W = 6.802 Joule
Hence, Work done by the force is 6.802 Joule
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Barry slides across an icy pond. The coefficient of kinetic friction between his
shoes and the ice is 0.15. If his mass is 83 kg, what is the force of friction
acting on him?
OA. 813 N
B. 1150 N
C. 122 N
D. 352 N
The force of friction acting on him is 122 N. The correct answer is option C
What is Friction ?Friction is a force that opposes the motion of a static or a moving object.
Given that Barry slides across an icy pond. The coefficient of kinetic friction between his shoes and the ice is 0.15. If his mass is 83 kg
The given parameters are;
Mass m = 83 kgCoefficient of kinetic friction μ = 0.15Frictional force [tex]F_{r}[/tex] = ?The normal reaction N on the body = mg
N = 83 x 9.8
N = 813.4 N
The Frictional force formula is [tex]F_{r}[/tex] = μN
[tex]F_{r}[/tex] = 0.15 x 813.4
[tex]F_{r}[/tex] = 122.01 N
Therefore, the force of friction acting on him is 122 N approximately.
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derric climbs onto his roof to hang Christmas light. If the roof is 4.3 meters from the ground and derrick gains 2730 J of potential energy while climbing, what is his mass
Mass of Derrick at a height 4.3 m having 2730 joule of energy is 65 Kg.
What is the expression of gravitational potential energy near the earth surface?Mathematically, gravitational potential energy near the earth surface= m×g×hm= mass of Derrick, g= acceleration due to gravity, h= height at which Derrick present Then, mass (m) of Derrick = potential energy/ (g×h)What is the mass of Derrick, if he gains 2730 joule of energy at 4.3m above the ground?Mass of Derrick= 2730/(9.8×4.3)
= 65 kg
Thus, we can conclude that the mass of Derrick is 65 Kg.
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The same bungee jumper from the previous question is now safely back on the ground, but hungry. He eats an apple before going for another jump. What energy transfer is he experiencing?
Group of answer choices
a. Kinetic to chemical
b. Elastic potential to chemical
c. Chemical to gravitational potential
d. Chemical to kinetic
D. The energy transfer he is experiencing is Chemical to kinetic.
Conservation of energy
The principle of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be converted from one form to another.
The apple eaten by the bungee jumper will provide chemical energy which will be converted into kinetic energy of the jumper once he is in motion.
Thus, the energy transfer he is experiencing is Chemical to kinetic.
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A force of 50 n is used to push a wheelchair forward at constant velocity. if the wheelchair is displaced 0.5 m each second, what is the mechanical power expended when transporting the wheelchair?
The mechanical power expended when transporting the wheelchair is 25 Watts
What is power?Power is defined as the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. The unit of power is measured in Watts. The higher units are kilowatts, megawatts etc.
The formula for calculating the power expended is expressed as:
Power = Workdone/Time
Since workdone = force * distance, the formula for power will be:
Power = Force*distance/Time
Given the following parameters
Force = 50N
distance = 0.5m
time = 1 second
Substitute to determine the power
Power = 50*0.5/1
Power = 25/1
Power = 25Watts
Hence the mechanical power expended when transporting the wheelchair is 25 Watts
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A car drives 17.9 m/s east. It
accelerates at 2.88 m/s² at a
137.7° angle. How long does it
take until the car is driving directly
north?
The time taken for the car to drive directly north is 8.52 seconds.
Time of motion of the car
v = u + at
At 137.7° anglev = u + a cosθ(t)
v = 17.9 + 2.88cos(137.7)t
v = 17.9 - 2.1t
when the car is directly north, v = 0
0 = 17.9 - 2.1t
2.1t = 17.9
t = 17.9/2.1
t = 8.52 seconds
Thus, the time taken for the car to drive directly north is 8.52 seconds.
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What are the different mechanisms for transferring energy to or from a control volume?
The different mechanisms for transferring energy to or from a control volume is heat , work and mass .
According to the question
Definition of energy :
The basic definition of energy is capacity to do work.
Types of energy :
The energy can be of various types which can be- heat energy, internal energy, electrical energy, chemical energy and nuclear energy.
The transformation of energy :
The transformation of energy is the conversion mechanism of energy from one form to another. During the transformation process, some portion of the energy is converted into the useless form known as dissipation of energy .
The different mechanisms which transfer energy to or from control volume are:
1, heat
2 .work
3. mass.
Hence, the different mechanisms for transferring energy to or from a control volume is heat , work and mass .
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What is the term for the principal that an object in motion remains in motion until it is met by an outside force?
The term for the principal that an object in motion remains in motion until it is met by an outside force is called inertia
Newton's first law states that if a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force .This principal is named as inertia .
Every matter have inertia , a property to remain in that very position until unless it is been forced on them to change their position .
Inertia is a property of matter that causes it to resist changes in velocity (speed and/or direction). According to Newton's first law of motion, an object with a given velocity maintains that velocity unless acted on by an external force. Inertia is the property of matter that makes this law hold true.
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A cart that is rolling at a constant velocity on a level table fires a ball straight up out of a vertical tube.
If the cart is accelerating in the forward direction the ball would fall behind the tube.
What is meant by acceleration?The rate at which the speed and direction of a moving object vary over time. A point or object going straight ahead is accelerated when it accelerates or decelerates.
Some key features of acceleration are-
Any procedure where the velocity varies is referred to as acceleration. There are just two ways to accelerate: changing your speed or changing your direction, or changing both. This is because velocity is both a speed as well as a direction.No matter how quickly you're moving, if you're not altering your direction or speed, you can't possibly be accelerating.In a car, accelerating may be accomplished by applying the gas pedal or the brakes, both of which would result in changes in speed. However, you could also turn by turning the steering wheel, which would reverse your momentum. Given that they alter velocity, any of them would be seen as an acceleration.The formula of acceleration is -
[tex]a=\frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}=\frac{v_{f}-v_{i}}{\Delta t}[/tex]
[tex]v_{f}[/tex] is the final velocity
[tex]v_{i}[/tex] is the initial velocity
Δt is total time between both velocities.
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The complete question is-
A cart that is rolling at a constant velocity on a level table fires a ball straight up out of a vertical tube. Does your answer change if the cart is accelerating in the forward direction? If so, how?
if the force acting on a body of mass 40 kg is doubled . by how much will the acceleration change
An energy storage system based on a flywheel (a rotating disk) can store a maximum of 3.7 MJ when the flywheel is rotating at 16000 revolutions per minute.
The moment of inertia of the flywheel is 2.63 kg-[tex]m^{2}[/tex]
It is given that,
The maximum energy stored on the flywheel is given as
E=3.7MJ= 3.7×[tex]10^{6}[/tex] J
Angular velocity of the flywheel is 16000[tex]\frac{rev}{min}[/tex] = 1675.51[tex]\frac{rad}{sec}[/tex]
So to find the moment of inertia of the flywheel. The energy of a flywheel in rotational kinematics is given by :
E = [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex][tex]Iw^{2}[/tex]
By rearranging the equation:
I = [tex]\frac{2E}{w_{2} }[/tex]
I = 2.63 kg-[tex]m^{2}[/tex]
Thus the moment of inertia of the flywheel is 2.63 kg-[tex]m^{2}[/tex].
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Question 5 of 32
According to the periodic table below, which element has the largest average
atomic mass?
OA. Helium (He)
OB. Oxygen (0)
OC. Nitrogen (N)
OD. Neon (Ne)
Some tornadoes have central downdrafts that accompany the massive rotating updrafts.
a. True
b. False
Some Tornadoes have central downdrafts that accompany the massive rotating updrafts. True
Mid-altitude winds come into the storm from the rear (or on the west or southwest side). As this dry, cool air enters the system, rain evaporates, cooling it even more. The cooling air becomes cooler than the surrounding air, sinks, and forms a strong downdraft.
Updrafts characterize a storm's early development, during which warm air rises to the level where condensation starts and precipitation starts to expand. In a mature storm, updrafts are present alongside downdrafts caused by cooling and falling precipitation.
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Analog signals from sensors are changed to digital signals for processing by the computer through which type of circuit?
Analog signals from sensors are changed to digital signals for processing by the computer through analog to digital converter circuit.
What is a Circuit?This is referred to as a path in which electric current flows and comprises of components such as resistor, capacitor etc.On the other hand, analog to digital converter circuit is responsible for the conversion of the analog signals to digital or binary forms and is read through the use of a microcontroller.
The digital signal is what is in vogue as of today due to its synergy with modern electric devices which are common in today's world which explains the need for the conversion to this type of signal.
This is therefore the reason why analog to digital converter circuit was chosen as the most appropriate choice in this type of scenario.
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What is the kinetic energy of an object with a mass of 10 kilograms traveling at a speed of 10 meters per second? Assume that no other forces act upon the object.
Group of answer choices
a. 50,000 J
b. 100 J
c. 500 J
d. 1000 J
The kinetic energy of an object with a mass of 10 kilograms traveling at a speed of 10 meters per second is 500J (option C).
How to calculate kinetic energy?The kinetic energy of a body refers to the energy due to the motion of the body. The kinetic energy can be calculated using the following formula:
K.E = ½ × m × v²
Where;
K.E = kinetic energym = massv = speedK.E = ½ × 10 × 10²
K.E = 5 × 100 = 500J
Therefore, the kinetic energy of an object with a mass of 10 kilograms traveling at a speed of 10 meters per second is 500J.
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The volume of gas in a flexible container at a depth of 10 m/33 ft will expand to ______ its original volume if taken to the surface. Select one: Twice. Three times. Four times. None of the above.
The volume of gas in a flexible container at a depth of 10 m/33 ft will expand to double its original volume if taken to the surface.
What is volume:
The amount of space that a substance or object occupies.
Volume is denoted with letter V
What is a gas molecule?Generally, a gas molecule is simply defined as a combination of numbers of atoms that are connected one to another.
here, 10 m/33 feet of sea water is taken to exerts a gauge pressure that is the same pressure as the atmosphere.
This means that we add one atmosphere/bar pressure for every 10 m/33 feet you descend.
The effect of this is that,
at 10 m/33 ft absolute pressure is two ata/bar
Adding another 10 m/33 ft to this depth to make it 20 m/66 ft, puts you under under three ata/bar of pressure and so on.
Descending to a depth it means that you have double the ata/bar pressure acting on you. If you decide to resurface, the pressure on the flexible container will reduce by a factor of two.
Since volume is inversely proportional to the pressure,
If the pressure reduces by a factor of 2, then the volume will increase by a factor of two.
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g The resistance of the wire in the windings of an electric starter motor for an automobile is 2.40 10-2 . The motor is connected to a 13-V battery. What current will flow through the motor when it is stalled (does not turn)
If the resistance of the wire in the windings of an electric starter motor for an automobile is [tex]2.40\times 10^{-2}\text{ } \Omega[/tex] and the motor is connected to a 13-V battery then the amount of current flow through the motor is [tex]5.42 \times10^2\text{ A}[/tex].
Calculation:
Step-1:
It is given that the resistance of the wire in the windings of an electric starter motor for an automobile is [tex]2.40\times 10^{-2}\text{ } \Omega[/tex] and the motor is connected to a 13-V battery. It is required to find the amount of current flow through the motor.
It is known from Ohm's law, it is known that voltage is the multiplication of the current and the resistance of a circuit.
V=IR
Where V is the voltage, I is current, and R is the resistance.
Step-2:
Substituting the given values into the equation to get the value of the current.
[tex]$$\\\begin{aligned}\\V&=IR\\\Rightarrow13 \text{ V}&=I \times 2.40\times10^{-2} \text{ }\Omega\\\Rightarrow I&=\frac{13}{2.40\times10^{-2}} \text{ A}\\ &=5.42 \times10^2\text{ A}\\\end{aligned}\\$$[/tex]
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Because white dwarfs are small, as their name implies, they are hard to see. What is a way astronomers have to find white dwarfs that distinguishes them from main sequence stars
Astronomers find white dwarfs that distinguish them from main sequence stars because white dwarfs get really hot, we can search for their ultraviolet radiation.
What is a white dwarf?A white dwarf is a very hot star that radiated much energy in the form of ultraviolet radiation.
This UV radiation is initially very bright and then these stars become red with time.
In conclusion, Astronomers find white dwarfs they can search for their ultraviolet radiation.
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A block is thrown with an initial velocity of 30.0 m/s at an angle of 25.0o above the horizontal. What is the highest elevation reached by the ball in its trajectory in meter
The highest elevation reached by the ball in its trajectory is 16.4 m.
To find the answer, we need to know about the maximum height reached in a projectile.
What's the mathematical expression of the maximum height reached in a projectile motion?
The maximum height= U²× sin²(θ)/gU= initial velocity, θ= angle of projectile with horizontal and g= acceleration due to gravityWhat's the maximum height reached by a block that is thrown with an initial velocity of 30.0 m/s at an angle of 25° above the horizontal?
Here, U = 30.0 m/s and θ= 25°Maximum height= 30²× sin²(25)/9.8= 16.4m
Thus, we can conclude that the highest elevation reached by the ball in its trajectory is 16.4 m.
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Clouds lose their __________ when the surrounding air temperature equals the rising air temperature.
Clouds lose their stability when the surrounding air temperature equals the rising air temperature.
When vapor condenses and produces the billowing columns, the ascending air, which is still warmer than the nearby air, rises. occurs when radiation even during night cools the Earth's surface as well as the air around.
As a result, the air parcel can increase until all of the latent heat has already been released as well as the "surplus" water vapor has condensed. Hence, the fundamental factor that prevents clouds from rising is the cessation of the production of heat transfer through condensation.
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One similarity in the spectra of T dwarf stars and giant planets in our solar system is that their spectra show:
One similarity in the spectra of T dwarf stars and giant planets in our solar system is that their spectra show: "Indications of methane"
What is solar system?The solar system is made up of planets, moon, asteroids, comets, dust, and gas that revolve around the sun, which is our nearest star.
It consists of the giant planets Jupiter and Saturn, the ice giant Uranus and Neptune, and the rocky core planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
Some key points of solar system are-
The solar nebula, a massive cloud of gas and dust, began to collapse in on itself some some 4.6 billion years ago, forming the solar system's star and planets. Scientists have used meteorites, or bits of space rock which have fallen on Earth, to determine the age of the universe. Some of these tiny fragments, which have fallen off of planets or moons, can provide intriguing scientific data regarding the makeup and past of their parent body. Since the beginning of the solar system, before the planet even existed, others have been orbiting the sun. The oldest meteorite is 4.55 billion years old and came to Earth in the Allende meteor, which was dispersed over Mexico in 1969.To know more about Our Solar System, here
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Even though the Sun gets lower in the sky after solar noon, and the intensity of incident solar radiation is reduced, the air temperature continues to climb after solar noon because
Even though the Sun gets lower in the sky after solar noon, and the intensity of incident solar radiation is reduced, the air temperature continues to climb after solar noon because energy is still being absorbed by the ground faster than it is being lost
Solar radiation is a broad word for the electromagnetic radiation that the sun emits. It is also sometimes referred to as the solar resource or just sunshine. A multitude of devices can be used to catch solar radiation and transform it into useful forms of energy, such as heat and electricity.
The energy that the Sun emits into space in the form of electromagnetic waves is known as solar radiation. This energy, which is released by the Sun's surface, affects climatological and atmospheric processes. Visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared, radio waves, X-rays, and gamma rays are all types of solar radiation.
Cardiovascular disease can be caused by radiation by altering the cardiovascular system, harming the heart, hardening and narrowing arteries, and/or removing part of the cells from the blood vessel linings.
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