The electric field at a distance r from the center of a sphere of total charge Q is given by E=Q/(4πε0r^2). Calculate the radius of the earth R = 6.37 x 10^6 m2. Determine the volume of the earth V = (4/3)πR^33. Use the density of the earth, 5.5 g/cm3 to determine the mass of the earth m = density x volume4. Calculate the total charge of the earth Q = E x 4πε0R^2 Where,ε0 = permittivity of free spaceε0 = 8.85 x 10^-12 C^2 / Nm^2(a) The radius of the earth, R is;R = 6.37 x 10^6 m(b) Volume of the earth, V is;V = (4/3)πR^3= (4/3)π(6.37 x 10^6)^3= 1.086 x 10^21 m^3(c) Mass of the earth, m is;m = density x volume= 5.5 g/cm^3 × 1.086 x 10^21 m^3 × (10^3 cm/m)^3= 5.98 x 10^24 kg(d) Total charge of the earth, Q is;Q = E x 4πε0R^2= 100 (V/m) × 4π(8.85 × 10^-12 C^2/Nm^2) × (6.37 × 10^6 m)^2= 8.86 × 10^11 C.
Therefore, the total charge of the earth is 8.86 × 10^11 C.
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the largest optical telescopes in the world are reflecting telescopes, because it is difficult to make a refractor (lens) telescope larger than about 1 m in diameter. it is difficult because . (select all that apply.)
It is difficult to make a refractor (lens) telescope larger than about 1 m in diameter because the larger the lens, the more light it has to bend and the more glass must be used; the glass must be supported in a very precise way to ensure a good image; and manufacturing and assembly errors become more common with increasing size.
There is a limit to the maximum size of a glass lens, and as the size of the lens increases, so does its weight. If the weight is too great, the lens will deform under its own weight, causing distortion in the image.Conversely, the mirrors used in reflecting telescopes are supported from behind, allowing them to be much larger and still maintain their shape.
The Hubble Space Telescope is an example of a reflecting telescope, and it has a mirror diameter of 2.4 meters.In addition to the size limitation, there are other issues with lenses, such as chromatic aberration, which occurs when the different colors of light refract at slightly different angles, causing distortion in the image. Mirrors do not suffer from this issue. The correct answer is that it is difficult to make a refractor (lens) telescope larger than about 1 m in diameter because the glass lens has a limit to its maximum size and weight, which can cause deformation in the image.
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The speed of propagation of a sound wave in air at 27 degrees (Celsius) is about 350 m/s. Calculate, for comparison, v(rms) for nitrogen molecules at this temperature. The molar mass of nitrogen is 28.0 g/mol.
At 27 degrees Celsius, the rms speed of nitrogen molecules is roughly 515 m/s, which is faster than the sound speed in air.
How come we figure out rms velocity?The square root of the average of the square of the velocity is the root mean square velocity. It has velocity units as a result. As the particles in a typical gas sample are flowing in all directions, the average velocity for that sample is zero, which is why we use the rms velocity instead of the average.
The following formula determines a gas molecule's root mean square (rms) speed: v(rms) = √(3kT/m)
where T is the temperature in Kelvin, m is the molar mass of the gas in kg/mol, and k is Boltzmann's constant (1.38 10-23 J/K).
We must change the molar mass from g/mol to kg/mol in order to determine the rms speed of nitrogen molecules at 27 °C (300 °F):
m = 28.0 g/mol / 1000 g/kg = 0.028 kg/mol
Now we can plug in the values and solve for v(rms):
v(rms) = √(3kT/m)
v(rms) = √(3 × 1.38 × 10^-23 J/K × 300 K / 0.028 kg/mol)
v(rms) = 515 m/s (rounded to three significant figures)
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what happens after the helium flash in the core of a star?
After the helium flash in a star, the core quickly heats up and expands.
A helium flash is the very brief thermal runaway nuclear fusion of significant amounts of helium into carbon during the red giant phase of low mass stars (between 0.8 solar masses (M) and 2.0 M). The centre expands as a result of the core becoming warmer as a result of this.
Following the onset of helium nuclear reactions in a star's core, helium nuclei fuse to create carbon and oxygen.
Most of the time, the stars' positions in reference to one another remain constant. Convergence between Orion and Taurus is ongoing. Ursa Minor is never far from Draco. The stars appear to us as an endless backdrop painting in the sky that hardly moves in reference to one another.
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a mass of 0.3 kg hangs motionless from a vertical spring whose length is 1.08 m and whose unstretched length is 0.42 m. next the mass is pulled down to where the spring has a length of 1.21 m and given an initial speed upwards of 1.2 m/s. what is the maximum length of the spring during the motion that follows?
The maximum length of the spring (Lmax) is about 1.25 meters.
What is the maximum length of spring?To calculate the maximum length of the spring during the motion that follows, we can use the following equation:
Lmax = L₀ + (mv²) / (2k)
where L₀ is the unstretched length of the spring, m is the mass of the object, v is the initial velocity, and k is the spring constant. In this case, L₀ = 0.42 m, m = 0.3 kg, v = 1.2 m/s, and k = 39 N/m.
The maximum length of the spring is:
Lmax = 0.42 + (0.3 × (1.2)²) / (2 × 39) = 1.25 meters
Therefore, the maximum length of the spring during motion is 1.25 meters.
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a chemist determines by measurements that 0.035 moles of nitrogen gas participate in a chemical reaction. calculate the mass of nitrogen gas that participates. be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
The mass of nitrogen gas that participates in the chemical reaction is 0.980 grams.
To calculate the mass of nitrogen gas that participates, we need to use the molar mass of nitrogen gas (N₂), which is approximately 28 grams per mole. We can use the following equation to relate moles and mass:
mass = moles x molar mass
So, the mass of nitrogen gas that participates is:
mass = 0.035 moles x 28 g/mol = 0.98 g
We need to round our answer to the correct number of significant digits, which is determined by the least precise measurement in the problem. Since we are given the number of moles to only three significant digits, our final answer should also have three significant digits. Therefore, the mass of nitrogen gas that participates is:
mass = 0.980 g (rounded to three significant digits)
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Which of the following is an example of potential energy?A .A vibrating pendulum at its maximum displacement from its mean positionB. A body at rest from some height from the ground.C. A wound clock spring.D. A vibrating pendulum when it is just passing through its mean position
The best example that shows the potential energy is a body at rest from some height from the ground, thus the correct answer is option b.
Potential energy is defined as the energy stored by an object or system in a position that can contribute to doing work when released. It is the stored energy of an object or system.
In this case, the body at rest has potential energy because of its height above the ground. As it falls, the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
Option A describes kinetic energy as the vibrating pendulum at its maximum displacement, and option D describes a momentary state of rest in a pendulum's motion, which does not involve potential energy. Option C describes the potential energy stored in a wound clock spring, but it possesses elastic potential energy.
Thus, the body at rest has potential energy because of its height above the ground. Thus, option b is correct.
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Terri Vogel, an amateur motorcycle racer, averages 129.77 seconds per 2.5 mile lap (in a 7 lap race) with a standard deviation of 2.26 seconds. The distribution of her race times is normally distributed. We are interested in one of her randomly selected laps. (Source: log book of Terri Vogel) Let X be the number of seconds for a randomly selected lap. Round all answers to 4 decimal places where possible. a. What is the distribution of X?X−N(___________, _________). b. Find the proportion of her laps that are completed between 131.69 and 134.04 seconds________
.c. The fastest 4% of laps are under__________seconds.
d. The middle 70% of her laps are from seconds________ to_________ seconds.
a) The distribution of X: X-N(129.77,2.26),
b) the proportion of her laps that are completed between 131.69 and 134.04 seconds 0.1670,
c) the fastest 4% of laps are under 126.1965 seconds,
d) the middle 70% of her laps are from seconds 127.5323 to 131.0277 seconds.
a. The distribution of X is the normal distribution with a mean of 129.77 seconds and a standard deviation of 2.26 seconds. Therefore, the distribution of X is X - N(129.77, 2.26).
b. The area between 131.69 and 134.04 seconds under a standard normal curve is found using the standard normal table P (1.05) = 0.8531P (1.71) = 0.9564
Therefore, the proportion of laps completed between 131.69 and 134.04 seconds is
P(131.69 ≤ X ≤ 134.04) = P[(131.69 - 129.77)/2.26 ≤ Z ≤ (134.04 - 129.77)/2.26]
= P(0.8496 ≤ Z ≤ 1.8814) = P(Z ≤ 1.8814) - P(Z ≤ 0.8496)
= 0.9693 - 0.8023
= 0.1670
Therefore, the proportion of laps that are completed between 131.69 and 134.04 seconds is 0.1670.
c. The value corresponding to the lowest 4% is found: P (z) = 0.04. The value of z corresponding to the lowest 4% is obtained as follows:
z = P−1(0.04) = -1.7507
So, the number of seconds that the fastest 4% of laps are under is:
x = μ + zσ = 129.77 - (1.7507)(2.26)
= 126.1965
Therefore, the fastest 4% of laps are under 126.1965 seconds.
d. We know that z corresponding to the lowest 15% is -1.036 and that z corresponding to the highest 15% is 1.036.
Therefore, the interval in which the central 70 percent of laps lies is z = -1.036, 1.036
z = P(X) - P(X) = P(z ≤ X) - P(z ≤ X) = P(z ≤ -1.036) - P(z ≤ 1.036)
= 0.1492 - 0.8513
= -0.7021
So, the number of seconds that the middle 70% of her laps are from is given by:
x = μ + zσ = 129.77 + (-0.7021)(2.26) = 127.5323 and
x = μ + zσ = 129.77 + (0.7021)(2.26) = 131.0277
Therefore, the middle 70% of her laps are from seconds 127.5323 to 131.0277 seconds.
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How can chemical energy be converted into mechanical energy?
Chemical energy can be converted into mechanical energy through a process called combustion.
In this process, a fuel (such as gasoline or diesel) is burned in the presence of oxygen to release energy in the form of heat. The heat produced by the combustion reaction is used to create high-pressure gases, which expand and push against a piston or turbine. This pressure creates mechanical energy, which can be used to power various types of machinery, such as vehicles, generators, and industrial equipment. The conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy is a fundamental principle behind many modern technologies and plays a vital role in our daily lives.
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g when a rocket is 7 kilometers high, it is moving vertically upward at a speed of 300 kilometers per hour. at that instant, how fast is the angle of elevation of the rocket increasing, as seen by an observer on the ground 5 kilometers from the launching pad? ( hint: the angle of elevation is the angle between the horizontal ground and the line of sight with respect to the rocket. ) when the rocket is 7 kilometers high, the angle of elevation from the observer is changing at a rate of radians per hour.
Similarly, differentiating sin θ with respect to time, we get:d(sin θ)/dt = cos θ dθ/dtOn simplification, we get:dθ/dt = -300 cos θ / (7 sin² θ)When the rocket is 7 kilometers high, the angle of elevation from the observer is changing at a rate of 0.059 radians per hour. Answer: 0.059.The angle of elevation of the rocket from the observer on the ground 5 kilometers from the launching pad when the rocket is 7 kilometers high is changing at a rate of 2π radians per hour. This can be calculated using the law of sines, where the angle of elevation (α) is the opposite angle of the triangle made between the observer, the rocket, and the ground. In this case, the two sides are 7 km for the rocket's height, and 5 km for the distance from the observer to the launchpad. Therefore, the angle of elevation (α) = arcsin(5/7) = 2π radians per hour.
Given, the height of the rocket is 7 kilometers, the speed of the rocket is 300 kilometers per hour, and the observer is 5 kilometers from the launching pad. We need to find the rate of change of the angle of elevation of the rocket at that instant.The angle of elevation is the angle between the horizontal ground and the line of sight with respect to the rocket. Let's consider the triangle formed by the observer, the rocket and the launching pad, as shown in the figure below:We have, AB = 7 km and BC = 5 km. The angle of elevation, θ = ABD.To find the rate of change of the angle of elevation of the rocket, we need to differentiate the angle of elevation with respect to time.Let's first find the value of sin θ using the right-angled triangle ABD:Sin θ = AB/AD => AD = AB/sin θAD = 7/sin θDifferentiating with respect to time, we get:d(AD)/dt = d(7/sin θ)/dtUsing the quotient rule of differentiation, we get:d(AD)/dt = -7 cos θ dθ/dt / sin² θSimilarly, differentiating sin θ with respect to time, we get:d(sin θ)/dt = cos θ dθ/dtOn simplification, we get:dθ/dt = -300 cos θ / (7 sin² θ)When the rocket is 7 kilometers high, the angle of elevation from the observer is changing at a rate of 0.059 radians per hour. Answer: 0.059.
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2526-kg elevator moves with a downward acceleration of 2.00 m/s2. what is the tension in the cable that supports the elevator? assume the elevator is supported by a single cable. forces exerted by the guide rails and air resistance is negligible
The tension in the cable that supports the elevator (2526-kg moves with a downward acceleration of 2.00 m/s²2) is 25,171 N.
To determine the tension in the cable, use the equation:
T = ma + Fg
Mass of the elevator, m = 2526 kg
Downward acceleration of the elevator, a = 2.00 m/s²
Force due to gravity, Fg = mg
= 2526 kg × 9.8 m/s²
= 24794.8 N (upwards)
The tension in the cable that supports the elevator is T.
Using Newton's second law of motion,
F = ma
Net force acting on the elevator,
F = T - Fg
= T - 24794.8 N
Therefore, T - 24794.8 N = ma
T = ma + Fg
= (2526 kg × 2.00 m/s²) + 24794.8 N
= 25,171 N
Therefore, the tension in the cable that supports the elevator is 25,171 N.
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A woman on a bicycle traveling at 10 m/s on a horizontal road stops pedaling as she starts up a hill inclined at 4. 0º to the horizontal. If friction forces are ignored, how far along the hill does she travel before stopping?
The hill does she travel before stopping is 97.5 m far along.
Apply law of conservation of energy.
Initial energy = Final energy
[tex]1/2 mv^2 = mgh[/tex]
Here, m is the mass, u is the velocity, 9 is the gravitational acceleration, and his the height upto which woman will incline on the hill.
Rearrange the above equation for h.
[tex]h=v^2/ 2g[/tex]
[tex]h = (10m/s)^2 / 2(9.8m/s2)\\h = 5.102m[/tex]
This is the vertical height from the ground. Now, calculate the slant height of this point.
l = h / sin3°
l = 5.102m / sin3°
= 97.5m
The law of conservation of energy means that the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant over time, regardless of the transformations or transfers that occur within the system. This law is based on the principle of the first law of thermodynamics, which states that the total energy of a system and its surroundings is always conserved.
It has been experimentally verified in a wide range of physical phenomena, including chemical reactions, nuclear reactions, and mechanical processes. The law of conservation of energy has profound implications for our understanding of the physical world. It implies that energy is a fundamental quantity that is conserved in all physical processes, and it forms the basis of many important theories in physics and engineering.
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two stars are in a binary system. one is known to have a mass of 0.700 solar masses. if the system has an orbital period of 55.4 years, and a semi-major axis of 24.2 au, what is the mass of the other star?
The mass of the other star in a binary system is 0.14 solar masses.
In binary systems, there are usually two stars orbiting each other, both affecting the gravitational pull of each other. According to Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, the square of the period of revolution is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of the ellipse traced by the planet/satellite.
So, using the above formula, we get:
T² = 4π²a³/G(M + m)
where, M = mass of 1st star and m = mass of 2nd star.
Using given values, we have:
55.4² = 4π² (24.2)³/G(0.7 + m)
m = 0.14 solar masses
Therefore, the other star in a binary system has a mass of 0.14 solar masses.
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you are using a 1 cir pump which is producing 7.2 gal/min. the pump's shaft is being turned at 1,804 rpm. what is the volumetric efficiency of the pump (as a decimal)?
The Volumetric efficiency of the pump is the ratio of the actual capacity to the theoretical capacity of the pump.
Volumetric efficiency of the pump = Actual capacity of the pump / Theoretical capacity of the pump
Given Information
The provided information is,
1 cir pumpCapacity of the pump = 7.2 gal/minSpeed of the shaft = 1804 rpmFind
Volumetric efficiency of the pumpThe theoretical capacity of the pump is given by the following formula,
Theoretical capacity of the pump = π/4 x d² x l x n
where:
π = 3.14d = diameter of the pump l = length of the pump n = speed of the pumpFor the given problem,
Theoretical capacity of the pump = π/4 x d² x l x nπ = 3.14d = ?l = ?n = 1804 rpmWe need to find the diameter of the pump and length of the pump to calculate the theoretical capacity of the pump.
Now, we have the actual capacity of the pump.
Actual capacity of the pump = 7.2 gal/min = 7.2 x 0.13368 m³/min = 0.962496 m³/minVolumetric efficiency of the pump = Actual capacity of the pump / Theoretical capacity of the pumpAs we don't have the diameter and length of the pump, it is impossible to calculate the theoretical capacity of the pump.
Hence, the Volumetric efficiency of the pump cannot be calculated.
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2. The hummingbird makes a humming sound with its wings, which beat with a frequency of 90.0 Hz. Suppose a mass is attached to a spring with a spring constant of 2.50 x 10² N/m. How large is the mass if its oscilla- tion frequency is 3.00 x 10 times that of a hummingbird's wings?
A mass on a spring will oscillate with such a period if it is coupled to a spring of spring constant k. (T). T = 2(m/k) describes this. The frequency of the oscillation would be = k/M.
What is the formula for calculating mass?By summing the masses of the each individual atom inside the compound's formula, the formula mass is determined. The ions can be regarded as atoms for the purposes of determining the formula mass since a valid formula was neutral (when no net electron gained or lost).
How can you determine the mass's frequency?Imagine a spring with an unstretched length l, a spring constant of k, and a mass M dangling from it. The resonant frequency would be k/M if the spring's mass were ignored. According to the rule that was cited, the impact of the spring masses would be to change M in the equation for to M + m/3.
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Two planets A and B, where B has twice the mass of A, orbit the Sun in circular orbits. The radius of the circular orbit of planet B is two times the radius of the circular orbit of planet A. What Is the ratio of the orbital period of planet B to that of planet A? T_B/T_A = 2 T_B/T_A = Squareroot 1/8 T_B/T_A = Squareroot 2 T_B/T_A = 1 T_B/T_A = 1/2 T_B/T_A = Squareroot 8 T_B/T_A = 1/8 T_B/T_A = 1/4
The ratio of the orbital period of planet B to that of planet A is T_B/T_A = Squareroot 8.
What are planets?A planet is an astronomical object that orbits a star and does not produce its own light. The vast majority of the thousands of objects we call planets orbit a star in our Solar System. This specific system includes the sun and the eight planets that orbit around it.
Two planets A and B, where B has twice the mass of A, orbit the Sun in circular orbits. The radius of the circular orbit of planet B is two times the radius of the circular orbit of planet A. The formula for calculating the time period of a circular orbit is:
T = (2πr) / v
where, r = radius, v = velocity
For circular orbits, T ∝ (r³/²)
Therefore, T_B/T_A = (r_B³/²) / (r_A³/²)T_B/T_A = (2³/²) / 1³/2T_B/T_A = (square root 8)/1T_B/T_A = Squareroot 8.
Therefore, the ratio of the orbital period of planet B to that of planet A is T_B/T_A = Squareroot 8.
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When you shine a laser with unknown wavelength through a diffraction grating with 1000 slits/mm, you observe the m=1bright fringe on the screen with an angle of 26 degrees away from the center of the grating. What is the wavelength of your laser?
The wavelength of the laser is 0.4464 mm.
The equation for the diffraction grating is given as:
dsinθ = mλ
where d is the distance between the slits (in meters), θ is the angle between the central maximum and the mth bright fringe (in radians), m is the order of the bright fringe, and λ is the wavelength of the light (in meters).
The equation to calculate the wavelength of a laser is λ = d × sin θ/m, where d is the distance between two adjacent slits on the diffraction grating (in this case, 1000 slits/mm, which is equivalent to 1 mm), θ is the angle of the fringe relative to the central axis (in this case, 26 degrees), and m is the order of the fringe (in this case, m=1). Therefore, plugging in the values:
λ = 1 mm × sin 26°/1 = 0.4464 mm
The wavelength of the laser is 0.4464 mm.
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if the car speeds up at a steady 1.5 m/s2 , how long after starting is the magnitude of its centripetal acceleration equal to the tangential acceleration? express your answer with the appropriate units
The magnitude of the centripetal acceleration (ac) of the car is equal to the tangential acceleration (at) when the car has been accelerating for 1.22 seconds.
The given information is the steady acceleration of the car is 1.5 m/s². We have to find the time taken by the car to reach the magnitude of its centripetal acceleration equal to the tangential acceleration.
Let, v = tangential velocity of the car
a = acceleration of the car
T = time taken by the car to reach the magnitude of its centripetal acceleration equal to the tangential acceleration
Given, the steady acceleration of the car is a = 1.5 m/s²
The centripetal acceleration of the car is given as, ac = v² / r... (i)
We know that the tangential acceleration of the car is a = dv / dt
Where v is the tangential velocity of the car and t is the time taken by the car.
So, dv = a dt Integrating both sides, we get v = at + cv = at + c... (ii)
At t = 0, v = 0So, c = 0
Putting the value of v in equation (i), we get
ac = (at)² / r... (iii)At t = T, ac = a
Substituting these values in equation (iii), we get
a = (aT)² / raT² = r... (iv)
Hence, the time taken by the car to reach the magnitude of its centripetal acceleration equal to the tangential acceleration is T = √r/a. So, the required time is √r/a = √1.5 m/s² = 1.22 s.
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When Joselyn went to the store she bought 2.7kg of salt water taffy. What would Joselyn do to find out how many grams she bought?A. Divide by 1000B. Multiply by 1000C. Divide by 100D. Multiply by 100
At the shop, Joselyn purchased 2700 grammes of salt water taffy.
To convert kilograms (kg) to grams (g), Joselyn would need to multiply the weight in kilograms by 1000. This is because there are 1000 grams in 1 kilogram. Therefore, to find out how many grams of salt water taffy Joselyn bought, she would need to multiply 2.7kg by 1000.
The correct answer is (B) Multiply by 1000.
Multiplying 2.7kg by 1000 gives:
2.7kg x 1000 = 2700g
So Joselyn bought 2700 grams of salt water taffy at the store.
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Does high air pressure mean high humidity?
Answer:
Explanation:
What type of repetitions are completed with an intentionally reduced range of motion?
At temperatures of a few hundred kelvins the specific heat capacity of copper approximately follows the empirical formula c=α+βT+δT−2c=α+βT+δT−2, where α=349J/kg⋅K,β=0.107J/kg⋅K2α=349J/kg⋅K,β=0.107J/kg⋅K2, and δ=4.58×105J⋅kg⋅Kδ=4.58×105J⋅kg⋅K. How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of a 2.00-kg piece of copper from 20∘C to 250∘C20∘C to 250∘C?
The amount of heat required to raise a 2.0 kg piece of copper from [tex]20^\circ C[/tex] to [tex]250^\circ C[/tex] using the formula [tex]c = \alpha + \beta T + \delta T^{-2}[/tex] is [tex]1.96 \times 10^{8} J[/tex].
The formula for computing the amount of heat that is required to raise the temperature of an object is expressed as:
Q = mc∆T
Where:
Q: the amount of heat needed in joules
m: the mass of the substance in kilograms
c: the specific heat capacity of the substance in joules per kilogram per kelvin
∆T: the change in temperature in kelvin
We can use the equation to calculate the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a 2.00-kg piece of copper from 20∘C to 250∘C. However, it's important to note that we need to first convert the given temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin.
[tex]20^\circ C + 273 = 293 K[/tex] (Initial temperature)
[tex]250^\circ C + 273 = 523 \ K[/tex] (Final temperature)
We can now substitute the values into the formula, Q = mc∆T to get the amount of heat required.
[tex]Q = mc\Delta T[/tex]
[tex]Q = (2.00 \ kg) (\alpha + \beta T + \delta T^{-2}) (\Delta T)[/tex]
[tex]Q = 2.00 kg (\alpha\Delta T + \beta \Delta T^2 + \delta \Delta T^3)[/tex]
[tex]Q = 2.00 kg [(\alpha(523 \ K - 293 \ K) + \beta (523 K^2 - 293\ K^2) + \delta(523 \ K^3 - 293 \ K^3)][/tex]
[tex]Q=2.00 kg [(349 J/kgK \times 230\ K) + (0.107 J/kgK^2 \times 230 K^2) + (4.58 \times 10^5 JkgK \times 230 K^3)][/tex]
[tex]Q = 2.00\ kg [80270\ J + 24.61\ J + 9.8 \times 10^{7} \ J][/tex]
[tex]Q = 1.96 \times 10^{8} J[/tex]
Therefore, the amount of heat that is required to raise a 2.00-kg piece of copper from [tex]20^\circ C[/tex] to 250° C is [tex]1.96 \times 10^{8} J[/tex].
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To go from a lower level in an atom to a higher level, an electron must give off a photon of energy lose its electric charge absorb a photon of energy wait until the atom has changed into another atom with more protons get a permission slip from Niels Bohr
An electron must absorb a photon of energy in order to go up an atom's levels. The electron gains energy as a result and jumps to a higher energy level.
An electron in an atom must absorb a photon of energy equal to the energy difference between the two levels in order to go from one level of energy to another. Excitation is the term for this action. The electron is elevated to a higher energy level after absorbing the photon. The electron will swiftly revert to its initial energy level, producing a photon with an energy equal to the difference between the two levels, as this is an unstable condition. A photon is released as a result of this procedure, which is also known as de-excitation or relaxation. Instruments that can detect this photon can be used to examine the energy levels of atoms.
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Assume the motions and currents mentioned are along the x axis and fields are in the y direction.
(a) Does an electric field exert a force on a stationary charged object?
YesNo
(b) Does a magnetic field do so?
YesNo
(c) Does an electric field exert a force on a moving charged object?
YesNo
(d) Does a magnetic field do so?
YesNo
(e) Does an electric field exert a force on a straight current-carrying wire?
YesNo
(f) Does a magnetic field do so?
YesNo
(g) Does an electric field exert a force on a beam of moving electrons?
YesNo
(h) Does a magnetic field do so?
YesNo
(a) Yes, an electric field can exert a force on a stationary charged object. A stationary charged object will experience a force in the direction of the electric field due to the Coulombic interaction between the charges.
(b) No, a magnetic field does not exert a force on a stationary charged object. A stationary charged object does not experience a force due to a magnetic field unless it is moving.
(c) Yes, an electric field can exert a force on a moving charged object. A moving charged object will experience a force perpendicular to its velocity and the electric field direction, known as the Lorentz force.
(d) Yes, a magnetic field can exert a force on a moving charged object. A moving charged object in a magnetic field will experience a force perpendicular to both its velocity and the magnetic field direction, also known as the Lorentz force.
(e) Yes, an electric field can exert a force on a straight current-carrying wire. The electric field exerts a force on the charges in the wire, causing them to move, which results in a net force on the wire.
(f) Yes, a magnetic field can exert a force on a straight current-carrying wire. The magnetic field exerts a force on the moving charges in the wire, resulting in a net force on the wire.
(g) Yes, an electric field can exert a force on a beam of moving electrons. The electric field exerts a force on the electrons, causing them to accelerate or decelerate depending on the direction of the field.
(h) Yes, a magnetic field can exert a force on a beam of moving electrons. The magnetic field exerts a force on the moving electrons, causing them to experience a deflecting force perpendicular to their velocity and the magnetic field direction.
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A log 10 m long is cut at 1-meter intervals and its cross-sectional areas A (at a distance x from the end of the log) are listed in the table. Use the Midpoint Rule with n = 5 to estimate the volume V of the log. V = _____ m3 x (m) A (m2) x (m) A (m2) 0 0.69 6 0.53 1 0.65 7 0.55 2 0.64 8 0.52 3 0.62 9 0.50 4 0.57 10 0.47 5 0.58
The volume of the log is estimated to be 3.225 m3. The total volume of the log is the sum of the volumes of each interval.
To estimate the volume of the log using the Midpoint Rule with n = 5, you need to calculate the area of each interval and multiply the area by the length of the interval.
For example, the area of the first interval is the average of the areas of the two endpoints (0.69 + 0.65)/2 = 0.67 m2. The length of the interval is 1 m, so the volume of this interval is 0.67 m2 x 1 m = 0.67 m3. To find the total volume, you must calculate the volume for all intervals and sum the results. The intervals and the corresponding areas and volumes are listed below:
Interval: 0 - 1 | Area: 0.67 m2 | Volume: 0.67 m3Interval: 1 - 2 | Area: 0.645 m2 | Volume: 0.645 m3Interval: 2 - 3 | Area: 0.63 m2 | Volume: 0.63 m3Interval: 3 - 4 | Area: 0.595 m2 | Volume: 0.595 m3Interval: 4 - 5 | Area: 0.575 m2 | Volume: 0.575 m3The total volume of the log is the sum of the volumes of each interval, which is 0.67 m3 + 0.645 m3 + 0.63 m3 + 0.595 m3 + 0.575 m3 = 3.225 m3. Therefore, the volume of the log is estimated to be 3.225 m3.
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A gymnast balancing on a beam will put her arms out. Why does this help?
By keeping their centre of gravity over the beam, a gymnast may balance himself. The gymnast increases their moment of inertia, or resistance to rotational motion, by spreading their arms out to the sides, making it harder to unintentionally tilt or spin. As a result, their body is more stable, aiding in balance maintenance. Moreover, the centre of mass can be slightly adjusted with the arm movements to make up for any minor deviations from the equilibrium position. The gymnast can also orient oneself in relation to the beam using the visual clues provided by the arms. Overall, while balancing on a beam, a gymnast can gain various advantages from extending their arms to the side, including increased stability and many more.
find the distance d so that the vertical reaction under the front wheels (point b) is 300lb due to the three forces shown. the cart is being towed at a constant velocity
The distance d so that the vertical reaction under the front wheels (point b) is 300lb due to the three force is equal to 200 ft. To find the distance d, we need to use the principle of equilibrium, which states that the sum of the forces acting on an object is zero if it is in a state of equilibrium. In this case, we can consider the cart as the object in question, and we need to find the distance d so that the vertical reaction force at point B is 300lb.
The distance d so that the vertical reaction under the front wheels (point b) is 300lb due to the three forces is equal to the perpendicular distance between the two vectors of the forces, which can be calculated using the dot product formula.
The dot product of two vectors can be calculated using the formula:
d = ((F1x × F2x) + (F1y × F2y))/|F2|
Where F1 and F2 are the two forces, F1x and F1y are the x and y components of F1, and F2x and F2y are the x and y components of F2. |F2| is the magnitude of F2.
By plugging in the x and y components of the forces, we can calculate the distance d:
d = ((-50 × 200) + (400 × 300))/500 = 200 ft
Therefore, the distance d so that the vertical reaction under the front wheels (point b) is 300lb due to the three forces is equal to 200 ft.
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Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) is credited with being the first to perform quantitative experiments on friction, though his results weren't known until centuries later, due in part to the secret code (mirror writing) he used in his notebooks. Leonardo would place a block of wood on an inclined plane and measure the angle at which the block begins to slide. He reports that the coefficient of static friction was 0. 22 his experiments.
At what angle did Leonardo’s blocks begin to slide?
The angle of repose or the angle of friction is the angle at which the block starts to slide down the inclined plane. By balancing the forces operating on the block along the inclination, it may be calculated.
The gravitational force (mg) acting downhill and the normal force (N) acting perpendicular to the inclination are the forces acting on the block. The gravitational force component perpendicular to the inclination, which is calculated as mg cos, where is the angle of the incline, and the normal force are identical in magnitude.
The block can have a maximum static friction force (Ff) applied to it without it sliding down the incline if:
Ff = μs N
where s is the static friction coefficient.
The amount of the frictional force is equal to the component of the gravitational force parallel to the inclination, which is mg sin, at the instant the block just starts to slide.
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Which type of energy is stored in an elastic material stretched by a force
Potential energy is stored in the elastic material when we stretch it by some distance.
The energy stored when a force is used to deform an elastic object is called elastic potential energy. The energy is conserved until the force is released and the object returns to its original shape, doing work in the process. Objects can be compressed, stretched, or twisted when deformed.
Elastic material produces elasticity when stretched or compressed. The more the material is crushed or stretched, the greater this force.
Springs have many applications, including bed springs.
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astronauts need to endure an acceleration 7 times of erath's gravitational acceleration. if one would want to train for this by using a rotational device witha. raidus of 12 m what period must be obtained
The period that must be obtained is approximately 1.76 seconds.
To determine the period that must be obtained for the training, we can use the formula for centripetal acceleration:
a = v²/r
where v is the tangential velocity and r is the radius.
The formula for the velocity of a rotating object is:
v = 2πr/T
where v is tangential velocity, π is the constant pi, and T is the rotation period.
Substituting v into the centripetal acceleration equation yields:
a = (2πr/T)²/r
The equation simplifies to
a = 4π²r/T²
The centripetal acceleration required by an astronaut is seven times greater than the gravitational acceleration on Earth. Setting these equal and solving for T gives:
T = √(4π²r/7a)
T = √(4π²(12 m)/(7*9.81 m/s²))
T ≈ 1.76 seconds
Therefore, an astronaut training for an acceleration of seven times that of the Earth's gravitational acceleration using a rotational device with a radius of 12 m must rotate for a period of 1.76 seconds.
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Complete the following sentence.
A diameter is also a...
Answer:
A diameter is also a double of radius
about 1% of planetary systems can be detected using the transit technique. imagine that you studied a group of 10,000 stars for many years, watching for them to dip in brightness. after a long survey, you have discovered 10 planetary systems - stars with planets orbiting them. in this imaginary scenario, what fraction of stars have planets?
Among the original group of 10,000 stars, approximately 100 stars have planets.
The following data has been given about planetary systems using the transit technique: about 1% of planetary systems can be detected using the transit technique. Imagine that you studied a group of 10,000 stars for many years, watching for them to dip in brightness.
After a long survey, you have discovered 10 planetary systems - stars with planets orbiting them.
The proportion of planetary systems that can be discovered using the transit technique is 1%.The planetary system detected: 10 planets out of 10,000 stars
Among the original group of 10,000 stars, we can estimate that 1% of the stars actually have planets, based on the proportion of the planetary systems that can be detected using the transit technique.
Therefore, the estimated number of stars with planets will be: 1/10 * 10000
= 100
Thus, an estimated 100 stars out of the 10,000 that were observed may have planets.
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