The fluid-filled interior compartment of the thylakoid network is referred to as the: Lumen
The thylakoid lumen is an aqueous phase that is continuously enclosed by the thylakoid membrane. It is essential for photophosphorylation during photosynthetic activity. Protons are hyped across the thylakoids into the lumen during the light-dependent reaction, making it acidic down to pH 4. The lumen in the chloroplast is referred to as the stroma. The stroma is the whitish fluid that surrounds the grana (thylakoids stacks) within the chloroplast. A lumen is the chloroplast membrane that surrounds space. Light energy is captured by photosystems found in thylakoid membranes. The thylakoid membrane contains enzymes required for photosynthesis's light-dependent reactions. Hydrogen ions are pumped into the thylakoid space, or lumen, during these reactions.The thylakoid space has an acidic pH due to the high concentration of hydrogen ions.
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If I contain 5 moles of gas in a container with a volume of 62 liters and at a temperature of 222 K, what is the pressure inside the container?
The pressure inside the container with 5 moles of gas, 62 liters volume and 222K temperature is 1.46 atm.
Ideal gas law illustrates the relation between pressure, volume and temperature of a gas. It is represented by the equation
PV = nRT
Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant and T is the temperature.
V = 62 liters
n = 5 moles
R = 0.0821 L(atm) mol⁻¹K⁻¹
T = 222K
PV = nRT
P × 62 = 5 × 0.0821 × 222
P = 5 × 0.0821 × 222/62
P = 1.46 atm
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A beaker was filled with a mixture of 40 liters of water and a liquid chemical in the ratio of 3 : 5, respectively. If 2 percent of the initial quantity of water and 5 percent of the initial quantity of liquid chemical evaporated each day during a 10-day period, what percent of the original amount of mixture evaporated during this period
30% of the original amount of mixture evaporated during the 10-day period.
In order to determine the percentage of the original amount of mixture that evaporated during the 10-day period, we need to first determine how much water and how much liquid chemical were present in the beaker initially.
Given that the ratio of water to liquid chemical is 3:5, we can assume that the total number of parts is 8 (3+5).
So, the original amount of water is 3 parts / 8 parts = 0.375
And the original amount of liquid chemical is 5 parts / 8 parts = 0.625
We can then use this information to determine how much of each substance evaporated each day:
2% of 40 L of water = 0.02 x 40 L = 0.8 L
5% of 40 L of liquid chemical = 0.05 x 40 L = 2 L
We can then add up the total amount of each substance that evaporated over the 10 days to find the total amount that evaporated from the beaker:
0.8 L of water evaporated/day x 10 days = 8 L
2 L of liquid chemical evaporated/day x 10 days = 20 L
Finally, we can add up the total amount of each substance that evaporated and divide by the total amount of the original mixture to find the percentage of the original amount that evaporated:
(8 L + 20 L) / (40 L + 40 L) = 0.3 or 30%
So 30% of the original amount of mixture evaporated during the 10-day period.
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A principle of value stream mapping is to concentrate on speeding up value-added operations.
True/False
False. Value streaming mapping technique is used to analyze the flow of information, people and material required to bring a product to a consumer.
The value stream mapping is a series of steps. Value stream mapping provides a structured visualization of the key steps and corresponding data needed to understand and intelligently make improvements that optimize the entire process. Value stream is a series of steps that occur to provide the product or service that customers wants. Value stream mapping enables us to understand where the value is added, where it’s not and more importantly, how to improve upon the collective process.
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Which one of the following compounds behaves as an acid when dissolved in water?
O CH3OCH3
O KOH
O H2SO3
O CH4
H2SO3, or sulfuric acid, is a compound that behaves as an acid when dissolved in water. The other compounds listed are either bases, alkanes, or ethers and are not acidic when dissolved in water.
H2SO3, or sulfuric acid, is a compound that behaves as an acid when dissolved in water. Acids are compounds that donate protons when dissolved in aqueous solutions, and sulfuric acid is one of the most common acids used in aqueous solutions. Other compounds listed, such as CH3OCH3, KOH, and CH4, are not acids when dissolved in water. CH3OCH3 is an ether, KOH is a base, and CH4 is an alkane. Acids will typically have a pH value less than 7, while bases have a pH greater than 7. H2SO3 is a strong acid with a pH value of around 1, making it the only compound listed that behaves as an acid when dissolved in water.
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lead is a well known heavy metal with a density of 11.53 g/cm^3. what would be the volume of lead if you are given a 0.255 pound sample? (dimensional analysis)
Since lead has a density of 11.53 g/cm^3, the volume of a 0.255 pound sample of lead is equal to 10.03 cm³.
What is density?In Science, the density of a chemical substance such as lead can be calculated by using this formula:
Density = M/V
Where:
M represents the mass of a chemical substance or physical object.V represents the volume of a physical substance or object.Next, we would convert the value of the mass in pound to grams by multiplying it by 453.6 as follows;
Mass = 0.255 × 453.6
Mass = 115.668 grams
Making volume the subject of formula, we have:
Volume = Mass/Density
Volume = 115.668/11.53
Volume = 10.03 cm³.
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*SHOW YOUR WORK*
What is the molarity of a solution made up of 15.5 mol of ammonium sulfate dissolved in enough water to make 45 liters of solution?
Taking into account the definition of molarity, the molarity of a solution made up of 15.5 mol of ammonium sulfate dissolved in enough water to make 45 liters of solution is 0.34 moles/L.
Definition of molarityThe molar concentration is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution, be it some molecular, ionic or atomic species and indicates the number of moles of solute contained in one liter of solution.
The molarity of a solution is calculated by:
molarity= number of moles÷ volume
Molarity is expressed in units moles/L.
This caseIn this case, you have:
Number of moles= 15.5 molesVolume= 45 LReplacing in the definition of molarity:
molarity= 15.5 moles÷ 45 L
Solving:
molarity= 0.34 moles/L
Finally, the molarity of the solution is 0.34 moles/L.
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Potassium(k)=1s22s22p63s23p64s
it’s asking for the electron configuration
The atomic number of Potassium(K) is 19
Knowing the number of electrons in the K atom is necessary before we can write the potassium(K) electron configuration.
There are 19 electrons. All 19 electrons will be positioned in orbitals surrounding the nucleus of the potassium(k) atom when the configuration is written.
there are some steps:
The initial two electrons in the configuration for potassium(k) will be in the 1s orbital.The following two electrons for potassium enter the 2s orbital since the 1s orbital can only accommodate two electrons. Then the 2p orbital receive the six electrons. The p orbital has room for up to six electrons. The first Six electrons will be positioned in 2p orbital, while the next two will be positioned in the 3s. As the 3s are currently full, we'll switch to the remaining six electrons to the 3p.Now we change the 4s orbital and add the final electron.To know more about Orbital, click here:
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4 The Mr of sodium hydroxide is 40. How many grams of sodium hydroxide are there in: a 500 cm³ of a molar solution? b 25 cm³ of a 0.5 M solution?
There are 20 grams of Sodium hydroxide in a molar solution that has a volume of 500 cm3.
Sodium hydroxide – what is it? (NaOH)Caustic soda and lye are two other names for sodium hydroxide. It is a typical component of soaps and cleansers. Sodium hydroxide seems to be a white, unscented solid at room temperature. Sodium hydroxide is a colorless, odorless liquid. Strong acids and water can cause explosive reactions with it.
Molarity is calculated by
moles (solute) / volume of solution in L
No. of moles = mass / molar mass
We have to find mass of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
As we know, in 1 L (1000 cm³) of molar solution there is 40 gram of NaOH present.
From using this statement, 500 cm³ of a molar solution, means half liter of a molar solution contain -
= 40 / 2
= 20 gram of NaOH.
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1. How much energy (in calories and in Joules) will it take to raise the temperature of 75.0 g
of water from 20.0 to 55.0 °C? ( Specific Heat = 1 cal / ( g °C) and 4.184 J /(g°C) )
A. 2630 cal and 630. J
B. 2630 cal and 1.1 x 104 J
C. 1.1 x 10 + cal and 2630 J
D. 630. cal and 2630 J
E. None of these are correct.
I need help pls
A double replacement reaction will occur is a precipitate is formed, or a gas is formed, or a ________ is formed.
A double replacement reaction will occur is a precipitate is formed, or a gas is formed, or a solvent is formed.
What is solvent?Solvent is a substance that is capable of dissolving other substances, resulting in a homogeneous mixture. Solvents are used in many industrial and household processes, including cleaning, extraction, and purification. Common solvents include water, alcohols, ketones, acids, and bases. Solvents can be used to dissolve both organic and inorganic substances. They are often used to separate mixtures of different substances, as well as to dissolve and purify them. Some solvents are miscible with one another, while others are not. Solvents can also be used to dissolve and disperse solids in a liquid.
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32P has a half life of 14 days calculate the time taken for a given amount of 32P to decay to one - eight of its original activity
The time taken for a given amount of 32P to decay to one-eight of its original activity is 42 days.
A substance's half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of it to decompose. Given that each half-life period diminishes the activity by a factor of 2, if a given amount of a material with a half-life of 14 days decays to one-eighth of its initial activity, it must have gone through three half-life periods. Therefore, it would take 14 x 3 = 42 days for a given amount of 32P to decay to one-eighth of its initial activity.
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In what area would conservation of natural resources be most effective in reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and why
The conservation of natural resources be most effective in reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, is the planting more trees.
The planting the more new tress is the one of the most effective ways to reduce the atmospheric carbon dioxide. this will also limits the global warming. the plants remove the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the photosynthesis. plants helps to stop the climate change as they will remove the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. and store the carbon in tress and the soil.
Thus , the way to reduce the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is the planting more and more trees.
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Place the following molecules in order of decreasing bond angle: NH3, CO2, CCl4, OF2
O CO2 > CCl4 > NH3 > OF2
O NH3 > CO2 > CCl4 > OF2
O CO2 > CCl4 > OF2 > NH3
O CCl4 > CO2 > OF2 > NH3
O OF2 > NH3 > CCl4 > CO2
The order of decreasing bond angle for the given molecules is :
O OF2 > NH3 > CCl4 > CO2
In molecules with a central atom, the bond angle is determined by the electron pair-bond pair repulsion. The bond angle decreases as the number of electron pair-bond pair increases. In OF2 the central atom is O, and it has 2 lone pairs and 2 single bonds, the bond angle is expected to be smaller than in the other molecules.In NH3, the central atom is N, and it has 3 single bonds and 1 lone pair, the bond angle is expected to be larger than in OF2 but smaller than in CO2 and CCl4. In CO2 and CCl4, the central atoms are C and Cl respectively, and they have 4 single bonds and no lone pairs, the bond angle is expected to be larger than in NH3, but smaller than in OF2.
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When you work with a chemical that emits hazardous vapors or fumes, what is the best way to protect yourself
When we work with a chemical that emits hazardous vapors or fumes, the best way to protect ourself is by using the fumes hood when working with chemicals.
The best way to protect ourself from the chemical fumes or vapor is the work with chemicals in the fumes hood. the fume hood is the ventilation device that limits the exposure of the hazardous fumes or the vapors.
There are several other ways to protect ourself from the chemical fumes are :
use the chemicals protective clotheswear the respiratory protectionuse the glovesalso wear the eye protectorThese are the some methods use to protect ourself from the chemical fumes or vapors.
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How many grams are in 0.89 moles of CaCI2
0.0080 grams are in 0.89 moles of CaCI₂.
What is mole ?
The mole (M) is defined as it contain exactly 6.023 × 10²³ elementary entities present in it. 1 mole is exactly equal to the 6.023 × 10²³ elementary entities.
We can solve the above problem as follows;
So,
1 Mole of substance = Molar mass of the substance.
The given compound named is Calcium Chloride.
Then,
Molar mass of Calcium chloride = 1 mole
Molar mass of CaCl₂ = 40 + 2 × 35.4
= 110.9g/mol
Therefore,
110.9 grams of CaCl₂ = 1 mole
1 gram of CaCl₂ = 1 / 110.9
0.89 grams of CaCl₂
= 1 / 110 × 0.89
= 0.0080 grams
Thus, 0.0080 grams are in 0.89 moles of CaCI₂.
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Safety standards require a pool to add 333 chlorine tablets to every 2{,}0002,0002, comma, 000 liters of water. Today, the lifeguards at Park Pool added 888 chlorine tablets to their pool's 10{,}00010,00010, comma, 000 liters of water. How does Park Pool's chlorine compare to the safety standards
Compared to safety standards, that would be too little chlorine:
10,000 gallons is five times as much water as 2,000.
Therefore, Park's pool needs five times as much chlorine as is required for 2,000 gallons to meet safety regulations.
5 times 3 pills of chlorine equals 15 tablets. For Mark to meet safety standards, 15 chlorine tablets would be required. Use one three-inch tablet for every 10,000 gallons of pool water rather than stuffing your chlorinator or floater to the brim with tablets. This quantity of pills should be sufficient to maintain a good chlorine level if you shock your water once a week.
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if a molecule has a phase transition from gas to liquid, does that mean it increases attractive force
When a molecule undergoes phase transition from gas to liquid, it means that there is an increase in the attractive force.
The matter which is present around us exists in three major states which are solids, liquids and gases. The attractive forces that are present between the particles of matter are known as the intermolecular forces and they change with the change or transition in state of matter.
The particles of solids have the highest intermolecular force followed by liquids and then followed by gas. When a particular gas changes into the liquid state, the attractive forces between its particles increases.
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How do you calculate grams to molecules?
What is the structure of a compound of molecular formula C10H14O2 that shows a strong IR absorption at 3150 ¾2850 cm-1 and gives the following 1H NMR absorptions: 1. 4 (triplet, 6H); 4. 0 (quartet, 4H); and 6. 8 (singlet, 4H) ppm?
First, we must compute the index of hydrogen deficiency, IHD, using the molecular formula of the compound [tex]C_{10}H_{14}O_{2}[/tex].
What is a spectrum data?
Spectrum data is data collected from spectroscopic experiments, which measure the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiation. This data can be used to identify the chemical composition of a sample, as different elements and molecules absorb and emit radiation at different wavelengths.
Then, number of C atoms - [tex]\frac{number of atoms}{2} + 1[/tex]
= [tex]10 + \frac{14}{2} + 1[/tex]
= [tex]10 - 7 + 1[/tex]
= [tex]4[/tex]
Based on the molecular structure, this tells us how many multiple bonds and rings the compound has.
This compound contains four unsaturated bonds. We can tell from the spectrum data that it is aromatic (chemical shifts above 6 comes from aromatic protons). Based on this, we can conclude that the structure of this compound contains a benzene ring. Four IHD are found in the benzene ring, one from the ring and three from double bonds.
Following that, IR spectrum data revealed that absorption on [tex]3150-2850 cm^{-1}[/tex] indicated hybridised CH bonds.
The following chemical shifts are observed in the NMR spectrum data:
On 1,4ppm, it becomes a 6H triplet. It has two protons in its neighbourhood because it is a triplet, and it comes from [tex]CH_{3}(1)[/tex]. This group must be linked to the [tex]CH_{2}(2)[/tex].
A quartet on 4,0ppm, belongs to 4H from [tex]CH_{2}(2)[/tex]. It has 3 protons in neighborhood stop it it attached to the [tex]CH_{3}(1)[/tex] and singlet on 6,8ppm comes of aromatic protons, 4H (3).
Based on the [tex]^{1} HNMR[/tex] spectrum data, we can only attach the two O atoms to the benzene ring and the [tex]CH_{2}(2)[/tex] group.
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The function t=f(a) models the time, in minutes, for a chemical reaction to occur as a function of the amount a of catalyst used, measured in milliliters. What are the units for f′′(a) ?
The unit of f''(a) is milliliters/minute^2
The function t=f(a) models the time, in minutes, for a chemical reaction to occur as a function of the amount a of catalyst used, measured in milliliters.
So, here double differentiation is to be done.
t=f(a)
differentiating with respect to t,
d(t)/dt = d(f'(a))/dt
or, d(f'(a))/dt = 1
again differentiating with respect to t,
d [d(f'(a))/dt]/dt = d(1)/dt = 0 ...1
or, f''(a) = 0
so, here if we put 'unit expression' in Left hand side of 1
it is d [d(f'(a))/dt]/dt i.e. mililiters/miniute/minute [as given t is measured in minute and f(a) is measured in ml)
or, ml/minute^2
so as we are performing double differentiation, the unit of f''(a) is milliliters/minute^2
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F app F fric F norm F grav Which statement best describes the forces shown in this picture? A. The force of friction and the gravitational force are balanced. B. The force of friction is less than the applied force. C. The normal force and the gravitational force are balanced. D. All four forces are acting on the student.
He is not falling nor about to fall which means he’s perfectly balanced. So this means the force in the photo and friction in this photo is in a balanced condition, balancing the boy.
How forces are balanced?In the given picture, the applied force and the force of friction are balanced. if two forces act in the direction to make the object in a balanced state.
If the forces are in a balanced state it does not change the motion of the object, and if it is in an unbalanced state, it causes to change in the state of the motion.
Therefore, the force of friction and the gravitational force are balanced is the correct option.
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The given question is incomplete, so the complete question image is attached in the image below.
2 As (s) + 6 NaOH (aq) → 2 Na3AsO3 (s) + 3 H2 (g)
If 39.3g of As reacts with excess NaOH at STP, what volume of H2 will be produced in liters?
According to stoichiometry and STP conditions ,1785.90 liters of hydrogen is produced.
What is stoichiometry?It is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.
Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.
In the given reaction as per stoichiometry, 149.84 g of As produces 6 g hydrogen , thus, 39.3 g of As will produce 39.3×6/149.84=1.573 g.
As per STP conditions, V=1.573/2×8.314×273/1=1785.90 liters.
Thus, 1785.90 liters of hydrogen is produced.
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A 1. 15 x 104 mg block of metal has the following dimensions: 0. 5839 inches by 0. 531 inches, by 0. 4981 inches. Determine the density of the block in g/cm3. Using the provided list of metals and their respective densities, what is the metal's identity
The block has a density of 7.3 g/ml. The density is the same as for tin. Tin is the metal's true identity.
Absolute population and particle density are the two main types of density. Relative density, also called as coarse aggregate, is the ratio of a substance's density to the volume of a reference substance. The reference substance is often water.
The density of a substance is a measurement of its thickness in relation to its volume. A product will float in a solution if its density is lower than the water's, while it will sink if it has a higher density.
Density of the block can be calculate as follows:
Volume of metal = 1xb×h
I = 0.5839 in
b = 0.531 in
h = 0.4981 in
volume = 0.5839×0.531×0.4981
=0.1544363
=2.53ml
mass of metal =1.84×10⁴ mg
=18.4 g
density = g/ml
=18.4/2.53
=7.3 g/ml
from its density we can conclude the block of metal is Tin
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One grizzly bear population has moved to an area that has snow year-round. Which of these statements might you expect to occur if a mutation for coat color is going to spread through the population?
To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to mutation and types of mutations. Therefore, the correct option is option C.
What is mutation?A mutation is, at its most basic, a change or alteration. Chromosome and gene alterations, known as mutations in biology, frequently appear physically.
One grizzly bear population has moved to an area that has snow year-round. If a mutation for coat color is going to spread through the population then Grizzly bears that have a lighter fur mutation can catch prey more easily and so have more resources to have more offspring. Due to this, the trait starts to spread through the population.
Therefore, the correct option is option C.
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How many moles are in 10 g aspartame?
A substance has 0. 0152088 moles per 10 grammes. One can use the equation grams = weight / molar mass to determine this. The volume of one mole of a chemical is represented by its molar mass on the chemical elements.
You would take its weight (10g) and multiply it by the material's molar mass to determine the number of molecules within 10g of a substance. For instance, if the material is water, its molar mass is 18. 015 g/mol, meaning that 10 g is comparable to 0. 555 molecules of water.
However, the formula moles = mass / molar weight can be used to determine the number of moles in an unit weight regardless of the substance. Therefore, there are 0. 0152088 mole in 10
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Calculate the moles in 8334 grams of krypton, show work
33.0 g of Ni represents how many atoms?
1.99 x 10²⁵ atoms
0.562 atoms
3.39x 10²³ atoms
5.48 x 10^-23 atoms
3.22 x 10^-21 atoms
The rate law for the reaction2NOBr
The rate constant of the reaction is 0.56 M⁻¹s⁻¹. The time required to change the concentration of the reactant from 0.900 to 0.100 M is 15.87s.
What is the half-life period of a reaction?The half-life of a reaction can be defined as the time needed for a reactant to reach one-half of its initial concentration. For a 1st-order reaction, the half-life is independent of concentration and constant with time.
The half-life period of the second-order reaction can be written as:
[tex]\displaystyle t_{1/2} =\frac{1}{k[A]_o}[/tex]
Given the half-life of the reaction = 2.00 s
The initial concentration of [NOBr]₀ = 0.900 M
The rate constant of the reaction, k = 1/2 ×0.900 = 0.56 M⁻¹s⁻¹
The time required to change concentration from 0.900 to 0.100 M is:
[tex]\displaystyle kt =\frac{1}{[A]} -\frac{1}{[A]_o}[/tex]
0.56 ×t = 1/0.1 -1/0.9
t = 15.87 s
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Why is group 17 more reactive than Group 16?
The group 17 elements need only one more electron to complete a full octet since they already possess seven valence electrons. whereas group 16 elements needs 2 more electrons that why group 17 more reactive than Group 16
Because they easily acquire an electron to complete their outermost shell, halogens were highly reactive. Since they easily shed the solitary electron in their outermost shell, alkali metals were very reactive.
Since they easily acquire an electron to complete their outermost shell, halogens were highly reactive. Although they easily lose the lone electron within their outermost shell, alkali metals were highly reactive.
Group 17 elements occur only require one electron, therefore they can easily borrow an electron from another element to achieve a stable configuration for a noble gas. They were hence very reactive as well as will rapidly receive an electron to complete their outermost shell.
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Where does the linkage between the -COOH group on one end of one molecule and the -NH2 group at the end of another molecule occur
The peptides amino acids form peptide linkages between -COOH and -NH2 groups in protein.
What do you mean by peptides?
Peptides are short chains of amino acids that are linked together by peptide bonds. They are found in all living organisms and play important roles in many biological processes, such as cell signaling, hormone production, and metabolism. Peptides can range in size from two to hundreds of amino acids and can be made up of different combinations of amino acids.
Peptide bonds are formed when the carboxyl group (COOH) of one amino acid reacts with the amino group (NH2) of another amino acid. This creates a peptide bond, which is a covalent bond between the two amino acids. As proteins are made up of many amino acids, this process of forming peptide bonds is what links the amino acids together to form a protein.
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