Thompson changed out the
metal and still consistently
observed the same cathode ray.
What did this observation mean
for atomic theory?
A. The atomic is a small hard sphere.
B. The atom is indivisible.
C. The atom contained something small and
negative.
D. The atom is mostly empty space.

The correct balanced equation for the reaction of Ca(s) and HCl(aq) is:

D. Ca(s) + 2 HCl(aq) ---> CaCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Chemical reaction, the transformation of one or more chemicals (the reactants) into one or more distinct compounds (the products). Chemical elements or chemical compounds make up substances. In a chemical reaction, the atoms that make up the reactants are rearranged to produce various products.

Chemical reactions are a fundamental component of life itself, as well as technology and culture. Burning fuels, smelting iron, creating glass and pottery, brewing beer, making wine, and making cheese are just a few examples of ancient processes that involved chemical reactions. The Earth's geology, the atmosphere, the oceans, and a wide variety of intricate processes that take place in all living systems are rife with chemical reactions.

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Answer: Acids are chemical substances which are characterized by a sour taste in water medium. Bases are the chemical substances which are characterized by a bitter taste and are slippery to touch.

Explanation:

Acids have tendency to turn blue litmus to red. Some bases are soluble in water, while others are not. Water soluble bases are known as alkalis. They have tendency to turn red litmus to blue.

Acids and bases react with a wide range of chemical compounds to form salts.

Chemical properties of the following:

Reaction of acids and bases with metals. When a metal reacts with an acid, it generally displaces hydrogen from the acids. This leads to the evolution of hydrogen gas. The metals combine with the remaining part of acids to form a salt. Alkalis (bases that are soluble in water) react with metals to produce salt and hydrogen gas.

For example, the reaction of sulphuric acid with zinc.

H₂SO₄ ⁺ ZN ⇒ ZnSO₄ ⁺ H₂

For example, reaction of zinc with sodium hydroxide.

NaOH ⁺ Zn ⇒ Na₂ZnO₂ ⁺ H₂

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The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. Hence, as temperature decreases  pressure decreases. Therefore, as the temperature reduced to half, pressure also decreases to half. Then option D is correct.

According to Gay- Lussacs law at constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature.

Hence, P/T = constant.

Let P1 and T1 be the initial pressure and temperature and P2, T2 be the final quantities, then

P1/T1 = P2/T2

Given P1 = 1 atm

T1 = x ° C

T2 = x/2° C

Then P2 = P1 T2/T1

P2 = 1 × x/2° C / x° C

     = 1/2 atm

That is one half of the initial pressure.

Therefore, the pressure of the gas reduces to half when temperature is reduced to half.

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If the following elements are arranged by increasing atomic radius (from smallest to largest); F, B, Be, O, the correct order would be...F<O<B<Be.

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Crystal solid is a solid whose atoms, ions or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.

Atoms, ions, and molecules are grouped in a highly ordered microscopic arrangement in repeated and consistent three-dimensional formations to create a crystal lattice, which can stretch in any direction.

A crystal structure is a type of solid state of matter that varies from liquid and gaseous states of matter in which the organization of atoms or molecules is random or haphazard. It is an organized arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a regular repeating pattern.

Triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, trigonal, hexagonal, and cubic crystal formations are also available. Groupings of lattices and lines identify a family of crystals.

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The grams of ammonia (NH₃) can be produced from the reaction of 28 grams of nitrogen gas with an excess of hydrogen gas is 34 g.

The reaction is given as :

3H₂  +   N₂  ---->  2NH₃

The mass of the Nitrogen gas = 28 g

Moles of the  N₂  = mass / molar mass

                            = 28 / 28 g/mol

                            = 1 mol

The 1 mole of the  N₂ produces the 2 moles of the NH₃

Therefore , the moles of the NH₃ = 1 × 2

                                                       = 2 mol

The mass of the ammonia, NH₃ = moles × molar mass

                                                     = 2 × 17

                                                     = 34 g

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A sample of ammonium phosphate, (NH4)3PO4 contains 18 moles of hydrogen atoms.

Ammonium phosphate is NH4PO4, in one particle of this, they are 4 hydrogen atoms. 1 mole = 6.022x10^23 atoms/molecules (Avogadro's constant). So, 2 moles of hydrogen in 1 mole of H2O. One mole of Water is collected from 1 mole of Oxygen and two moles of Hydrogen.

By this definition, one mole of hydrogen is 2.016 grams, one mole of methane is 16.043 grams, and one mole of water is 18.015 grams. n one mole of hydrogen atoms, there exist roughly 6.02⋅1023 hydrogen atoms. Use the mass of the hydrogen gas to compute the gas moles directly; divide the hydrogen weight by its molar mass of 2 g/mole. For instance, 250 grams (g) of hydrogen gas corresponds

So we can conclude that There are 2 moles of hydrogen in 1 mole of water.

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The average velocity of a tectonic plate that has travelled 9000 km to the south in 60 million years is 0.15 m/y.

Average velocity can be obtained by dividing the total which is displacement travelled by the total time taken to cover the displacement. Average velocity can be positive or negative it depends upon the sign of the displacement. SI unit of average velocity can be expressed in meters per second (m/s).

Total displacement = 9000 km

9000 × 1000 = 9000000 m

Total time = 60 million years  

60000000 years  

Ave. Velocity = Total displacement / total time

Ave. Velocity = 9000000 / 60000000

Ave. Velocity = 0.15 m/y

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The equations of vapor pressure are :

The colligative properties of the solutions , depend upon the concentration of the solute and not depend of the identity of solute.

The vapor pressure equations are given as :

1) The P° solvent is the pure solvent, X solvent is the mole fraction of the solvent. The equation is given as :

2) The P° solute is the pure solute and the X solute is the mole fraction of the solute. The equation is :

3)  X solvent + X solute = 1 , the equation is :

4) ΔP =  P° solvent - P solvent = X solute × P° solvent

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The mass of the unknown isotope is 16.8.

Let us know that the relative atomic mass would be the weighted average of all the atomic masses of the elements that we have in the question as it has been stated.

Now we can see that we need to collect the masses of all the isotopes because;

Relative atomic mass = Weighted sum of the masses of all the isotopes

Thus;

13.5 = (0.6 * 12.8) + (0.3 * 13.8) + (0.1 *  x)

x = mass of the unknown isotope

x = 13.5 - (7.68 + 4.14)/0.1

x = 16.8

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The hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon is in the cis position to the group in the chair form for the -anomer of D-mannose.

An extremely stable conformation without torsional strain is thought to exist in the chair form of cyclohexane, D-mannose.

Each C-C bond in the six-membered ring that makes up the chair structure is spaced out differently. Mannose is a C2 epimer of glucose and belongs to the aldohexose family of carbohydrates.

D and L-mannose will be mirror images of one another because they are enantiomers. D-mannose will consequently have a structure that is identical to L-mannose.

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There are 1.20×10²⁴ molecules and 3.60×10²⁴ atoms in 2 moles of NH[tex]_3[/tex]. The smallest unit of matter that may be split without producing electrically charged particles is the atom.

The smallest unit of matter that may be split without producing electrically charged particles is the atom. It is also the smallest piece of substance with chemical element-like characteristics. As a result, the atom serves as the fundamental unit of chemistry.

Space makes up the majority of an atom. The remainder is made up of a cloud of electrons with negative charges around a positive-charged nucleus made up of protons and neutrons.

1 mole of NH[tex]_3[/tex], contains 1 nitrogen atom and 3 hydrogen atom

2 mole of NH[tex]_3[/tex], contains 2 nitrogen atom and 6 hydrogen atom

2 mole of NH[tex]_3[/tex], contains 2×6.022×10²³=1.20×10²⁴ nitrogen atom and 6×6.022×10²³=3.60×10²⁴ hydrogen atom

Therefore, there are 1.20×10²⁴ molecules and 3.60×10²⁴ atoms in 2 moles of NH[tex]_3[/tex].

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When a gas at a given temperature and pressure is changed, the new volume of the gas can be calculated using the ideal gas law.

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A conjugated diene and an alkene (dienophile) react to generate unsaturated six-membered rings in the Diels-Alder reaction. The reaction is also known as a "cycloaddition" because it results in the production of a cyclic product via a cyclic transition state.

Bicyclic structures with substituents in the endo position are more likely to arise during Diels-Alder reactions involving cyclic dienes. Diels-Alder reactions can only occur in conjugated dienes with the s-cis structure. A diene cannot conduct a Diels-Alder reaction if it is not conjugated or cannot be in the s-cis configuration. Ring-bound dienes are unable to spin and are thus locked in either an s-cis or an s-trans conformation.

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When placed in mild hydrochloric acid, carbonate, an irregularly shaped white chunk with a poor sheen and a hardness of 3, fizzes in three directions with perfect rhombohedral cleavage.

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is often used as a bleaching agent to neutralise alkaline compounds in the food, textile, metal, and rubber industries. It is neutralised when released into the soil, and it hydrolyzes quickly when it comes into contact with water. hydrochloric acid, sometimes known as muriatic acid, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride. It is colourless and has an unmistakable pungent odour.

You can consume more hyaluronic acid by include bone broth in your diet. Additionally, consuming foods like soy products, oranges, almonds, kale, and sweet potatoes may naturally increase your body's production of hyaluronic acid because they contain nutrients. Lemons' high levels of acid encourage the creation of hydrochloric acid, which facilitates better digestion. Lemons assist your body break down the nutrients it needs and slow down meal absorption. The water also boosts your hydration, which keeps your body functioning properly.

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Answer:

an -OH end from one molecule and an H end from another

Explanation:

hope this helps

The size of the human population is affected by several factors, including age structure, survivorship rate, fertility, and migration.

Fertility rate refers to the number of children born to women of childbearing age. A population with a high fertility rate is likely to have a higher potential for population growth.

Migration refers to the movement of individuals into or out of a population. A population with high levels of immigration is likely to have a higher potential for population growth, while a population with high levels of emigration is likely to have a lower potential for population growth.

Therefore, It is difficult to predict the size of the human population with certainty, as it depends on many complex factors and can be affected by unexpected events. However, based on current trends and projections, it is likely that the human population will continue to grow in the coming decades, although at a slower rate than in the past.

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The process is this balanced equation is I₂ + I⁻ = I⁻₃. Molecules of elemental iodine are consist of two atoms of iodine.

Iodine is highly stable halogen. The chemical element iodine have an atomic number 53. The symbol of iodine is "I". It is present in halogen group.

An iodine atom formed by gaining an electron due to its high electron affinity. When it accepts an electron it will become iodide ion (I⁻).

Thus, The process is this balanced equation is I₂ + I⁻ = I⁻₃. Molecules of elemental iodine are consist of two atoms of iodine.

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It is false that nuclear decay that can be stopped by skin or paper.

Most types of nuclear decay, such as alpha and beta decay, cannot be stopped by skin or paper. These types of decay involve the emission of particles (alpha particles or beta particles) that can penetrate through such thin materials. Gamma decay, on the other hand, involves the emission of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, which can be stopped or absorbed by thicker materials such as lead or concrete.

It's important to note that the ability of a material to stop or absorb radiation depends on its atomic structure and density, and the thickness of material.

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As a gas condenses to a liquid it releases the thermal energy it absorbed to become a gas. During this process the temperature of the substance does not change.

Energy changes  is the process of changing energy from one form to another.

Energy is used to break bonds in reactants and energy is released when new bonds form in products. Energy may change form during a chemical reaction but the same amount of energy remains after the reaction as before. The law of conservation of energy states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.

Therefore, the conversion of one form of energy into another is energy changes.

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Yes, you can move the two atoms as a pair. This is because the bond between them is a covalent bond,

What is covalent bond?

A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond that involves the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms. In a covalent bond, the atoms are held together by the attractive forces between the atoms’ shared electrons.

Covalent bonds are much stronger than ionic bonds, and occur between atoms in the same or different molecules. Examples of covalent bonds include the bonds between oxygen and hydrogen in water molecules and the bonds between carbon atoms in diamond.

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Answer: Yes, the cells of a plant can vary depending on the type of plant.

Explanation: All plants are made up of cells, which are the basic building blocks of life. These cells are organized into tissues and organs, which work together to allow the plant to perform functions such as photosynthesis and reproduction. However, different types of plants have evolved to have specific adaptations in their cells to suit their environment, for example, cactus have thick walls to survive in dry conditions and moss have small cells to absorb water quickly. As a result, the structure and function of plant cells can differ between different species of plants.

The moles of gas that I have If I have an unknown quantity of gas at a pressure of 1.2 atm, a volume of 31 liters, and a temperature of 87 0 C is 1.26 moles.

To determine the mol of gas, we can use Mendeleev-equation Clapeyron's:

pV = nRT

Where:

n is the number of moles = ?

p is pressure = 1.2 atm

V is volume = 31 liters

T is temperature = 87°C ⇒ (273+87) = 360 K

R is the constant of all gases = 0.082 L.atm/mol.K

So, we can define the n number as:

n = pV/(RT)

n = (1.2) (31) / (0.082) (360) =

1.26 moles

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atomic weight of H2O=18

atomic weight of methanol=32

mole =gram weight/atomic weight

mole of H2O = 18/18=1

mole of CH3OH =32/32=1

mole fraction of H2O = mole of H2O/mole of H2O+mole of CH3OH

mole fraction of H2O=1/1+1=1/2=0.5

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Stereoisomers are isomers formed by the spacial arrangement of atoms. There are mainly two types of stereoisomers, they are enantiomers, which  are the mirror images and diastereomers.

The cis and trans isomerism is a type of configurational isomerism. Cis means on the same side and trans means on the different side. In this case it indicates different planes. In theory we can rotate the atoms between cis and trans configuration, but in real world such a change would not happen, because this process require energy.

In the case of 1,2- Dichlorocyclohexane, there are three stereoisomers. There is one cis and two trans isomers. The three isomers are

R-S and S-R isomers are interchangeable because they form superimposable mirror images.

So there are three stereoisomers in the case of 1,2 Dichlorocyclohexane.

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Answer:

oxides

Explanation:

hope this helps have a good day (:

Answer: According to the law of conservation of mass, matter can be neither created nor destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another.

Explanation: The law of conservation of mass is one of the fundamental principles of physics, which states that the total mass of a closed system remains constant over time. In other words, matter can be neither created nor destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another, such as through chemical reactions or nuclear reactions. This principle is based on the work of Antoine Lavoisier, who first proposed it in the 18th century.

There are 12.044 × 10^23 oxygen molecule present in 2mole of oxygen molecule.

According to the context, the word may as well as may not encompass ions that meet this requirement. A molecule is a collection of two as well as more atoms linked together by the attractive forces described as chemical bonds.

The lowest unit into which a substance could be divided while still being the same substance would be a molecule. It is composed of two as well as more atoms which are chemically bonded to one another.

1 mole of oxygen = 1 O2 molecule

2 mole = 2 O2 molecule = 2 × 6.022 × 10^23 molecule = 12.044 × 10^23 molecule

Thus, 2 mole of oxygen will have 12.044 × 10^23 molecule

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Germanium will be having highest melting point being exist in solid

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