True or False: The zeolite that you will make and use has repeating and alternating tetrahedral units of SiO4 and AlO4 bonding through the oxygen atoms.

The mass of CO2 produced from the reaction of 37.5 g of C2H6 is 109.92 g.

The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of ethane (C2H6) with oxygen (O2) is:

2C2H6 + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O

This equation concludes that 2 moles of C2H6 react with 7 moles of O2 to produce 4 moles of CO2 and 6 moles of H2O.

To find the mass of CO2 produced from the reaction of 37.5 g of C2H6, we need to use stoichiometry. Here are the steps to follow:

Calculate the number of moles of C2H6:

moles of C2H6 = mass of C2H6 / molar mass of C2H6

moles of C2H6 = 37.5 g / 30.07 g/mol

moles of C2H6 = 1.248 mol

Use the mole ratio from the balanced chemical equation to calculate the number of moles of CO2 produced:

moles of CO2 = moles of C2H6 × (4 moles of CO2 / 2 moles of C2H6)

moles of CO2 = 1.248 mol × 2

moles of CO2 = 2.496 mol

Calculate the mass of CO2 produced:

mass of CO2 = moles of CO2 × molar mass of CO2

mass of CO2 = 2.496 mol × 44.01 g/mol

mass of CO2 = 109.92 g

Therefore, the mass of CO2 produced from the reaction of 37.5 g of C2H6 is 109.92 g.

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From the balanced equation, we know that 3 moles of H₂ produces 2 moles of NH₃.Therefore, to find the moles of NH₃ produced from 4.8 moles of H₂, we can set up a proportion 3 moles H₂ / 2 moles NH₃ = x moles H₂ / 4.8 moles H₂.

In chemistry, mole is a unit of measurement used to express amounts of a chemical substance. It is defined as the amount of a substance that contains the same number of entities (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) as there are in 12 grams of pure carbon-12, which is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 entities. This number is known as Avogadro's number, and it is a fundamental constant in chemistry.

Moles are used to quantify chemical reactions and calculate the amount of reactants needed to produce a certain amount of product, or the amount of product that can be obtained from a given amount of reactants.

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The metal that will respond to the added temperature by increasing is metal A because it has the lowest heat capacity.

The metal with the smallest heat capacity will have the largest increase in temperature if the same amount of heat is added to each of their systems. This is because metals with smaller heat capacities require less heat energy to increase their temperature compared to those with larger heat capacities.

Therefore, metal A with the heat capacity of 0.3 J/g°C will have the largest increase in temperature if the same amount of heat is added to each of their systems, followed by metal B with 0.4 J/g°C and metal C with 0.5 J/g°C.

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The highest frequency of the lines that we have in the hydrogen atom will be line D

Frequency is inversely related to wavelength. The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related by the equation:

c = λf

where c is the speed of light, λ (lambda) is the wavelength of the wave, and f is the frequency of the wave. This equation is known as the wave equation.

If the wavelength of a wave increases, then the frequency of the wave must decrease to maintain the same speed. Conversely, if the wavelength of a wave decreases

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Answer:

chelated zinc is more easily absorbed than zinc on it's own.

A closely packed mineralized matrix, which comprises hydroxyapatite, collagen fibres, and osteocytes as well as trace quantities of other proteins and minerals, makes up the majority of compact bone.

Compact bone is one of the two types of osseous tissue that makes up bones in vertebrates. It forms the outer layer of bone and provides strength and support to the skeleton. The structure of compact bone is composed of a tightly packed mineralized matrix, which is made up of hydroxyapatite crystals and collagen fibers. The hydroxyapatite crystals provide hardness and rigidity to the bone while the collagen fibers give it flexibility and resilience. Osteocytes, or bone cells, are also found in the mineralized matrix, which are responsible for maintaining the bone tissue. Additionally, small amounts of other proteins and minerals are present in the matrix, including calcium, phosphate, and magnesium. Together, these components create a strong and durable structure that is able to support the body's weight and withstand stress and strain.

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When starch is treated with iodine solution, its color changes to Blue-black. Option c is correct.

This reaction is used as a test for the presence of starch in a sample. Iodine reacts with the helical amylose component of starch to form a dark blue complex, while amylopectin, which has a branched structure, forms a less intense blue color. This color change occurs due to the formation of an iodine-starch complex, which has a characteristic blue-black color. Therefore, the intensity of the color indicates the amount of starch present in the sample. Hence, option c is correct choice.

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--The complete question is, When starch is treated with iodine solution, its color changes to

(A) Yellow

(B) Red

(C) Blue-black

(D) Green--

a) HCl is a stronger acid than H2S due to weak bond between hydrogen and sulfur.

b) H3PO4 is a stronger acid than H3AsO4 due to smaller size of phosphorous atom than the arsenic atom.

c) HBrO3 is a stronger acid than HBrO2 as the oxidation state of Br in HBrO3 is +5.

d) H2C2O4 is a stronger acid than HC2O−4 as HC2O−4 is a conjugate base of H2C2O4.

e) Benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, is a stronger acid than phenol, C6H5OH due to strong resonance structure.

The following observations can be explained as follows:

a) HCl is a stronger acid than H2SIn hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The bond between hydrogen and sulfur is relatively weak. As a result, this bond is more difficult to break than that between hydrogen and chlorine in hydrogen chloride (HCl). Therefore, HCl is a stronger acid than H2S.

b) H3PO4 is a stronger acid than H3AsO4. The phosphorous atom has a smaller size than the arsenic atom. As a result, the P–O bond is more stable than the As–O bond. This makes the H3PO4 a stronger acid than H3AsO4.

c) HBrO3 is a stronger acid than HBrO2. HBrO3 is a stronger acid than HBrO2 since the oxidation state of Br in HBrO3 is +5. In contrast, Br has an oxidation state of +3 in HBrO2. As a result, the bond between Br and oxygen in HBrO3 is weaker, resulting in a higher acidity than in HBrO2.

d) H2C2O4 is a stronger acid than HC2O−4. HC2O−4 is a conjugate base of H2C2O4. The conjugate base is less acidic than the original acid, according to the conjugate acid-base theory. As a result, H2C2O4 is a stronger acid than HC2O−4.

e) Benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, is a stronger acid than phenol, C6H5OH. Benzene ring has a strong resonance structure due to the presence of electron donating OH- group in phenol. Resonance delocalizes the negative charge formed by the loss of a proton, and it makes it less acidic. The absence of an electron-donating group in benzoic acid allows for more hydrogen ion dissociation, making it a stronger acid than phenol.

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48 moles of CO2 were produced from 8 moles of glucose under aerobic conditions.

Eight moles of glucose have been oxidized under aerobic conditions, and we need to find the total moles of  CO2 produced.

For this purpose, we will utilize the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of glucose.

The balanced equation is given as below:  C6H12O6  + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

From the above equation, we can see that one mole of glucose produces six moles of carbon dioxide.

Therefore, eight moles of glucose will produce 8 × 6 = 48 moles of carbon dioxide.

So, the total moles of CO2 produced are 48.

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H2O and CH4 are inorganic substances, whereas C3H6, C22H24, and NO2 are organic substances.

Compounds, which are objects, are created when two or more unique elements bond chemically. The components of a compound are held together by chemical bonds, which are created when atoms share or transfer electrons.

Given that it is made up of two covalently bound elements—hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O)—H2O is an inorganic compound.

Because its carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms are covalently bound, the chemical C3H6 is considered to be organic. Propene, a significant ingredient in the manufacture of plastics and synthetic rubber, is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

C22H24 is an additional chemical substance, specifically a triterpene hydrocarbon. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be found in a variety of plants and is frequently employed in conventional medicine.

Due to the fact that CH4 only has two elements—carbon (C) and hydrogen (H)—covalently bound to one another, it is an inorganic compound. It is generally referred to as methane and is the simplest and most prevalent hydrocarbon.

Due to the presence of two covalently bound elements—nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O)—NO2 is an inorganic molecule. It is a frequently occurring, highly reactive gas in the atmosphere and a significant source of air pollution.

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The order of increasing reaction rate of alkyl halides with triethylamine is iodoethane, 1-bromopropane, and 2-bromopropane.

When the primary alkyl halide reacts with the triethylamine, it's faster than the secondary alkyl halide. Since triethylamine is a strong, bulky base that tends to perform nucleophilic substitution, it undergoes a reaction with both primary and secondary alkyl halides. When halides react with triethylamine, the bond between nitrogen and carbon is formed.

In this reaction, the rate of reaction will be slower with secondary alkyl halides due to steric hindrance.  Iodoethane will be more reactive than 1-bromopropane because of the higher electronegativity of iodine which makes it more prone to nucleophilic substitution. Based on the above discussion, the order of increasing rate of reaction with triethylamine is 2-bromopropane < 1-bromopropane < iodoethane.

Therefore, iodoethane is the most reactive of the three alkyl halides, 1-bromopropane is more reactive than  2-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane is the least reactive.

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Equilibrium shifts in the forward direction; Q< K. The equilibrium shifts in the direction with more moles of aqueous products.

The direction of an equilibrium shift can be predicted by applying Le Chatelier's principle, which states that when a system at equilibrium is subjected to a stress, the system will shift in a direction that counteracts the stress.

The direction of an equilibrium shift depends on the nature of the stress and the equilibrium constant of the reaction. The equilibrium constant can be used to determine the relative concentrations of the reactants and products at equilibrium, and can also be used to calculate the equilibrium concentrations of the species at a given set of conditions.

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Answer: d. H2O

Explanation: Electrons for the light reactions are found in water. These electrons are taken by a certain enzyme complex known as the water splitting complex

Answer:109.5g HCL

Explanation: 1st get the GFM of H2S, which is 34g/mol, and divide 57g by it. You get the moles for H2S: 1.7. Put what you have over what you want (have/want) equal to what other chemical you want like this:

8H2S/1.7H2S = 16HCl/X

Solve for it like an algebra equation

8x = 27.2 27.2/8 = 3.4molHCl

Round to sig figs

3molHCl

Multiple by HCL GFM (36.5g/mol)

3mol x 36.5g/mol

109.5gHCl

The final temperature of the water would be approximately 91°C after 250,000 joules of heat are added.

Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin). It is a measure of how much energy a substance can absorb without a significant change in its temperature.

The heat capacity of a substance depends on its mass and composition. Substances with more mass or more complex molecular structures generally have higher heat capacities, meaning they require more energy to increase their temperature than substances with less mass or simpler molecular structures.

To solve this problem, we can use the specific heat capacity formula:

Q = m * c * ΔT

where Q is the amount of heat transferred, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity of the substance, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

We can rearrange this formula to solve for ΔT:

ΔT = Q / (m * c)

We are given the mass of the water (m = 785 g), the amount of heat added (Q = 250,000 J), and the specific heat capacity of water (c = 4.184 J/g°C).

Substituting these values into the equation, we get:

ΔT = 250,000 J / (785 g * 4.184 J/g°C)

ΔT ≈ 75.4°C

Therefore, the final temperature of the water would be:

15.0°C + 75.4°C = 91 °C

So the final temperature of the water would be approximately 91 °C after 250,000 joules of heat are added.

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Answer: To obtain a 0.113 M HNO3 solution, you need to dilute 49 mL of 12 M HNO3 solution to a final volume of 5220 mL (or 5.22 L) by adding enough water to make up the difference.

Explanation: The stock HNO3 solution is 12 M and has a volume of 49 ml.

To get a 0.113 m HNO3 solution, we must dilute it to a certain volume. The volume to which it must be diluted is a mystery.

Let the final volume be V liters. The stock HNO3 solution's volume is 49 mL, which equals 0.049 L.

HNO3's molarity is 12 M.

We must use the formula to calculate the required volume of diluted solution, C1V1 = C2V2

where C1 is the concentration of the stock solution, V1 is the volume of the stock solution used, C2 is the desired concentration of the diluted solution, and V2 is the final volume of the diluted solution.

In this case, we have:

C1 = 12 M

V1 = 49 mL

C2 = 0.113 M

V2 = unknown

Let's do some math.

12 M x 49 mL = 0.113 M x V2

(12 x 0.049) / 0.113 = 5.22 L

The diluted volume is 5.22 L.

The stock HNO3 solution of 49 ml must be diluted to a volume of 5.22 L to obtain a 0.113 m HNO3 solution.

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X = 2n, where n is the number οf stereο genic atοms in the mοIecuIe, is the fοrmuIa fοr determining the maximum number οf stereοisοmers.

The fοrmuIa X = 2n cοnsistentIy deIivers the maximum number οf stereοisοmers, but it faiIs tο prοduce the true number in circumstances with great symmetry. If a mοIecuIe cοntains twο stereοcenters, it shοuId have fοur stereοisοmers. If a mοIecuIe cοntains three stereοcenters, it shοuId have nο mοre than eight stereοisοmers.

Thus, fοr a given cοmpοsitiοn, the maximum number οf stereοisοmers is 2n, where n is the number οf chiraI centers. Therefοre there are fοur structuraI isοmers and fοur stereοisοmers. As a resuIt, οptiοn 'D' is the right answer. Chain isοmerism is a sοrt οf structuraI isοmerism in which the cοmpοnents οf these isοmers are branched in distinct ways.

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In  which way the Chain isomerism is a sort of structural isomerisam  andd what are the components of these isomers ?

The  number of moles of CaCO3 and number of moles of CO2 produced by one tablet is 0.00974 mol.

Based on the given information, we can use stoichiometry to calculate the number of moles of CaCO3 in one tablet and the number of moles of CO2 produced.

To calculate the number of moles of CaCO3 in one tablet, we need to know the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3):

CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of CaCO3 produces 1 mole of CO2.

Therefore, the number of moles of CaCO3 in one tablet is equal to the number of moles of CO2 produced by the tablet.

The given information states that one tablet reacted with excess hydrochloric acid to produce 0.24 dm3 of carbon dioxide at r.t.p. We can convert the volume of CO2 to moles using the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

where;

P is the pressure (which is 1 atm at r.t.p.),

V is the volume (0.24 dm3),

n is the number of moles of gas,

R is the gas constant, and

T is the temperature (which is 273 K at r.t.p.).

Rearranging the equation and solving for n, we get:

n = PV/RT = (1 atm)(0.24 dm3)/(0.08206 L·atm/mol·K)(273 K)

n = 0.00974 mol

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The mass of CaCl2 and water that were used are 168.56g and 313.04g, respectively.

The total mass of the mixture is 481.6g, and it is found that the solution of CaCl2 in water forms a mixture that is 35.0% calcium chloride by mass. Therefore, we are supposed to find the masses of CaCl2 and water that were used.

In the given mixture, let's assume the mass of CaCl2 is ‘x’ g, and the mass of water is ‘y’ g.

Now, from the question, it is given that the total mass of the mixture is 481.6 g:

x + y = 481.6 g

1. As per the question, it is also given that the mixture is 35.0% calcium chloride by mass. This means that the ratio of the mass of CaCl2 to the total mass of the mixture is 35/100 or 0.35. So, the mass of CaCl2 present in the mixture is:

Mass of CaCl2 = 0.35 × 481.6 g = 168.56 g

Also, the mass of water in the mixture is the difference between the total mass of the mixture and the mass of CaCl2.

Thus, the mass of CaCl2 and water that were used are 168.56g and 313.04g, respectively.

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The total volume (in ml) of the titrant that has been dispensed from the burette is 13.75 ml.

A burette is a laboratory apparatus that is used in analytical chemistry to dispense a liquid reagent in a precise and controlled volume to conduct experiments. It consists of a graduated glass tube with a stopcock at the bottom and a funnel at the top that is attached to a burette stand.

Titrant refers to a solution of known concentration that is slowly added to a solution of unknown concentration until a reaction has been completed. When the reaction has been completed, the amount of titrant that has been added is calculated from the burette readings and used to determine the concentration of the unknown solution given that the reaction equation is known.

Here, initial burette reading (Vi) = 3.50 ml, final burette reading (Vf) after first addition = 12.75 ml

Volume of titrant used in the first addition = Vf - Vi = 12.75 ml - 3.50 ml = 9.25 ml

Final burette reading (Vf) after second addition = 15.60 ml

Volume of titrant used in the second addition = Vf - Vi = 15.60 ml - 12.75 ml = 2.85 ml

Final burette reading (Vf) after third addition = 17.25 ml

Volume of titrant used in the third addition = Vf - Vi = 17.25 ml - 15.60 ml = 1.65 ml

The total volume of titrant that has been dispensed from the burette is the sum of the volume of titrant used in all three additions. Therefore, Total volume of titrant = Volume of titrant in first addition + Volume of titrant in second addition + Volume of titrant in third addition= 9.25 ml + 2.85 ml + 1.65 ml= 13.75 ml

Hence, the total ml of titrant that has been dispensed from the burette is 13.75 ml.

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The value of Z for the chemical symbol Y76XZ given that the atom has 70 electrons and 114 neutrons is 70.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is equal to its atomic number(Z). Therefore, to calculate the value of Z, you need to subtract the number of neutrons from the mass number (A).

The number of neutrons is calculated as follows:

Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number

The mass number(A) is calculated as follows: Number of protons + number of neutrons = mass number.

The total number of electrons is given as 70.

So, number of electrons = number of protons.

Each atom is neutral, so the total positive charge (protons) is equal to the total negative charge (electrons).

Therefore, the number of protons is also equal to 70.

The mass number (A) is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons:

mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons.

Substituting the known values into the above equation:

A = 70 + 114 = 184

Therefore, to calculate the atomic number (Z), you need to subtract the number of neutrons from the mass number:

Z = A - number of neutrons

Z = 184 - 114

Z = 70

Therefore, the value of Z for the chemical symbol Y76XZ given that the atom has 70 electrons and 114 neutrons is 70, and the mass number is 184.

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Volume difference between back titration and controlHCI neutralized by NaOH volume difference is 0.0056 moles.

Given,

* Mass of Antacid = 0.5g

* [HCl] = 1M

* [tex]V_{HCl}[/tex] = 5 ml (pipetted out)

* [NaOH] = 1M

* [tex]V_{NaOH}[/tex] - 1.2 ml (consumed)

* Amt. of HCl avaliable for neutralisation = 0.1825 g

* No. of moles of NaOH req. to reach eq. point = 0.0012

* Amt. of HCl neutralised by antalid = 0.1387 g

* Amt. of HCl neutralised by antalid = 0.1387 g

* Amt. of HCl neutralised per gram of antalid = 0.1387 g

Solution: [tex]([/tex][tex]N[/tex] × [tex]V[/tex][tex])_{HCl}[/tex] =  [tex]([/tex][tex]N[/tex] × [tex]V[/tex][tex])_{NaOH}[/tex]

               (1 x 5 ) =  [tex]([/tex][tex]1[/tex] × [tex]V[/tex][tex])_{NaOH}[/tex]

             = [tex]V(NaOH)[/tex] = ( 1 x 5) / 1 = 5ml

In control expt. data  [tex]V(NaOH)[/tex] = 5.6ml

But in given data, [tex]V(NaOH)[/tex] = 1.2ml

So, Volume diff. of NaOH between back titration and control = 5.6 - 1.2 = 4.4ml

So, given follows

So, 4.4 ml of HCl means,

its Conc. will be equal to, 4.4 x 36.5 / 1000 = 0.1606 g

This is correct in control expt. results

In control expt. data, [tex]V(NaOH)[/tex] = 5.6ml

This corresponds to 5.6 x 40 / 1000 = 0.224g

This correspond to 0.224 / 40 = 0.0056 moles

This is correct in control expt. results.

Titration is a laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a known solution. It is a quantitative method used to determine the amount of a substance in a sample. Titration is often used in chemistry to determine the concentration of acids, bases, and salts.

In a titration, a measured amount of the unknown solution is slowly added to a known solution of a substance with a known concentration called the titrant. The titrant is added until the reaction is complete, and a color change or other observable change occurs. The point at which the reaction is complete is known as the endpoint, and it is usually determined using an indicator, which changes color when the reaction is complete.

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The oxidation number of atoms (a) 1. (b) 6, and (c) 7 are as follows:The oxidation number of atom 1 is +8,The oxidation number of atom 6 is +5,The oxidation number of atom 7 is -2.The average oxidation number for carbon in this compound is -1.875.

The algorithm method with the formula is used to determine the average oxidation number for carbon in the compound. The formula to calculate the oxidation state of carbon can be given as:

Oxidation state of carbon = (number of carbon atoms x oxidation state of carbon) / total number of atoms.The given compound 8 N 5 2.3.4 consists of 19 atoms, of which 8 are carbon atoms, 5 are nitrogen atoms, and 6 are hydrogen atoms.

The oxidation state of nitrogen is -3 in the compound, and the oxidation state of hydrogen is +1.Now, the oxidation state of carbon is calculated as follows:

Oxidation state of carbon = (8 × oxidation state of carbon) / 19

We are supposed to find the average oxidation number of carbon atoms. To do this, we sum up the oxidation numbers of all carbon atoms and divide the sum by the total number of carbon atoms.

Oxidation state of carbon = (5* -1 + 3* -2 + 6 * +1) / 8

Oxidation state of carbon = (-5 - 6 + 6) / 8

Oxidation state of carbon = -1.875

Thus, the average oxidation number for carbon in this compound is -1.875.

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An unknown gas effuses at a rate 0.667 times the rate of co₂. The molar mass of the unknown gas is 120 g/mol.

The rate of effusion for an ideal gas is proportional to the inverse square root of the gas' molar mass. It's known as Graham's law. Graham's Law explains the rate of effusion of a gas through a small hole into a vacuum. The rate of effusion for an ideal gas is proportional to the inverse square root of the gas' molar mass (relative molecular mass). According to the question, the effusion rate of the unknown gas is 0.667 times that of CO₂.

Let the molar mass of the unknown gas be "x".

Therefore, the effusion rate for the unknown gas is proportional to

.[tex]\[\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\].[/tex]

The effusion rate of CO₂ is proportional to \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{44}}\].

Now,

[tex]\[\frac{\text{Effusion rate of the unknown gas}}{\text{Effusion rate of CO}_2}=\frac{0.667}{1}\][/tex]

or,

\[tex]\[\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{0.667}{\sqrt{44}}\][/tex]]

or,

[tex]\[\sqrt{x}=\frac{\sqrt{44}}{0.667}\][/tex]

or,

[tex]\[x=\left ( \frac{\sqrt{44}}{0.667} \right )^{2}\][/tex]

Therefore, the molar mass of the unknown gas is 120 g/mol.

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The electrostatic potential for an atom is also called D) coulomb potential.

Coulomb's law is the law of electric force that states that the force of attraction or repulsion between two charges is directly proportional to their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

The electrostatic potential energy between two charges is also proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them squared.

Therefore, for an atom, the electrostatic potential is directly proportional to the charge of the nucleus and inversely proportional to the distance between the electrons and the nucleus.

Thus, the coulomb potential is the electrostatic potential between the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons of an atom. The correct option is d) coulomb potential.

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6-step synthesis of a carboxylic acid.

This question requires a 6-step synthesis of a carboxylic acid from ethyne using the reagents provided. Here is the solution:

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Methane and carbon dioxide are both greenhouse gases that are crucial in controlling the temperature of Earth's atmosphere.

Both natural processes like respiration and volcanic eruptions, as well as human activity like burning fossil fuels, emit carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. It aids in keeping the planet warm enough to support life by retaining heat in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide levels that are too high, however, can exacerbate climate change and global warming.

Methane (CH4) is another greenhouse gas that is emitted into the atmosphere as a result of human activity such as cattle husbandry and natural gas production as well as natural processes such as decomposition. Even though it decomposes more quickly in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide, it is even more efficient at trapping heat.

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