Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is generated by using energy to run in reverse the reactions of glycolysis.
This process occurs primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys. It allows the body to produce glucose from non-carbohydrate sources during periods of fasting or starvation when glucose is in high demand for energy production or to maintain blood sugar levels.
The term "gluconeogenesis" literally means "the generation of new glucose." It involves the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, such as amino acids (derived from proteins) and glycerol (derived from triglycerides).
The pathway essentially runs in reverse compared to glycolysis, which is the breakdown of glucose into smaller molecules to produce energy.
In glycolysis, glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate, generating ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in the process. Gluconeogenesis reverses these reactions to produce glucose from pyruvate or other intermediates.
However, three of the irreversible steps in glycolysis must be bypassed or circumvented in gluconeogenesis through different enzymatic reactions.
The key substrates for gluconeogenesis are lactate, glycerol, and certain amino acids. Lactate is produced as a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism in tissues like muscles during intense exercise or in red blood cells. Glycerol is released from stored triglycerides in adipose tissue when energy is needed.
Amino acids can be derived from the breakdown of muscle proteins or from dietary protein sources.
Gluconeogenesis consists of a series of enzymatic reactions occurring in different cellular compartments, including the cytoplasm and mitochondria.
These reactions involve the conversion of lactate or pyruvate to oxaloacetate, followed by a series of intermediate conversions, eventually leading to the synthesis of glucose.
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PLZ HELP I"LL GIVE BRAINLIEST
Answer:
gotchu
Explanation:
1. His symptoms consist of difficulty walking and an abnormal gait (pattern of movement such as walking, running, etc)
2. a. one purpose of the blood test was to test his creatine kinase enzyme to see if there were any medical conditions connected to the way he was walking and why it was abnormal
b. the other purpose is to be sure that he has something wrong with his gait. If he does have a medical condition, it was best to see if he had it early on to treat it faster
3. the function of dystrophin gene connects to the cytoskeleton of a fiber which has to do with brain function; we need that to walk. For DMD, that is a condition that alters the way people walk.
4. DMD is inherited from family's genes, so he got it from his birth family probably from his dad's part of the family as DMD effects men more than women
5. It is pretty likely as this medical condition is inheritably passed on. It is likely that his grandchild will get DMD
6. To treat DMD to the best of the ability since there isnt a cure, they could participate in physical therapy and steroids
What is the the process responsible for the synthesis of proteins and mention the cellular structure where the genetic program responsible for this synthesis is located.
Answer: Translation
Explanation:
During the transcription the double stranded DNA act as a separate template strand to produce mRNA molecule. The mRNA molecule encode for amino acid chain that collectively forms the protein. The ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis the mRNA get attached to the ribosome. Within the ribosome the rRNA molecule instruct the catalytic steps for the synthesis of protein. The amino acid sequence or chain gets stitched together to form the protein.
how do we know that change is taking place around us ? what is the need to study change ? explain some example
Answer:
Specialisation in the knowledge society and its need
Posted by Bernardo Lajus on Mon, 01/07/2013 - 11:54.
Contemporary society is characterized by globalization. The information and the speed with which they reach society amaze anyone who has experienced the 1980s and 1990s. Because of the technology and facilities it brings, the recipients of this information become increasingly demanding, in every way. Demanding with you, with others, with things, with everything, making the world so demanding, to the point that services and information are insufficient, exhausting, poor.
Because of this, the world specializes. The professions have gained new directions, new perspectives. The courses that were previously generic, such as engineering, law, medicine, became insufficient and were gaining tributaries. If before the general practitioners of mechanical engineering and law realized the professional demand, over the years and the evolution of society, it required professionals to become specialists, creating branches and opening possibilities.
Today, specialists, masters and doctors are essential for the rapid development of society, required everywhere. Despite the harm spawned (such as time demanded, or "knowing much about little), specialization in the knowledge society brings inegulable benefits. The creation of new jobs, the deepening of knowledge and the quality of services makes society evolve even more.
Thus, although the human being, in his individuality, is not expanding his way of knowing, but rather reducing himself to specificity, society as a whole plunges into a profound expansion of knowledge, bringing this to everyday life, from the most trivial to the most complex of works, specialization is necessary and beneficial.
Explanation:
Estimate the number of cells that belong to each phase of the cell cycle. Then, explain how you made your decision and describe what occurs at each phase of mitosis.
Answer:
well, it starts from one parent cell, every complete phase makes. at least 4 and then i. think those can multiply
Explanation:
What will happen if you cross a white (bb) rabbit with another white (bb) rabbit?
all of the following are nucleus acids , except
a - adenine
b - iodine
c - guanine
d - cytosine
Answer:
iodine
Explanation:
Iodine is a chemical not a base. There are only 4 nucleus acids and these are adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine.
Disadvantages of smoking
Answer:
lung cancer
Explanation:
people die everyday due to smoking so we must take action also smoking has no benifits only losses
Which type of cell is considered the least complex?
Answer:
tissues.
organs.
organ systems.
organism.
Explanation:
Answer:
the answer would be tissues
state birth control methods according to Islam view?
Answer:
Writings of Muslim jurists make it clear that Islam allows for the use of reversible methods of contraception (birth control), including oral contraceptives (birth control), condoms, coitus interruptus, emergency contraception, injections, subdermal implants, IUDs, spermicides, and diaphragms.
Explanation:
What would happen if there was too much Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere? What if there were no processes to pull Carbon
Dioxide out of the atmosphere?
Put "Gene Pool" in a sentence
Answer:
A gene pool is a collection of all the genes in a population. This can be any population - frogs in a pond, trees in a forest, or people in a town.
Explanation:
Im stuck in this question if you know please comment
Answer:
C
Explanation:
meiosis increases the genetic variability due to mixing of genetic material between chromosomes.
it produces genetic variation by a process known as recombination.
An example of a nucleotide is?
A. cytosine, ribose, and deoxyribose
B. guanine, deoxyribose, and phosphate
C. uracil, deoxyribose, and phosphate
D. thymine, ribose, and phosphate
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A nucleotide always consists of 3 things:
1. A sugar group (either ribose or deoxyribose, ribose if the nucleotide is from RNA, deoxyribose if it is from DNA.
2. A phosphate group
3. A nitrogenous base (A/T/U/C/G) This base depends on whether you have RNA or DNA, U is only for RNA. DNA has either A/T or C/G but never U.
Make a concept map with the following terms:
Stimulus, function of relation, response senses or receptors, touch, smell, environment, individual, stimulus, taste, hearing, sight, processing center, nervous system, somatic, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, neurons, synapses, sensory, brain, motor, interneurons, electrical, chemical, spinal cord, autonomic, voluntary and involuntary actions
Please is for today :(
Answer: igu bro, ok first u add my bbrother to class and then u subrtarct the ugly kids and you omneof them so dieeeee
Explanation:
Soil erosion can be BEST prevented by
- Heavily watering the vegetation on the slope
- Increasing the slope of the land by adding more soil
- Building terraces into the sides of a slope
- removing grass from the steepest slope.
I need help!!
Answer: Following are some of the methods of soil erosion prevention: Plant trees on barren lands to limit erosion of soil. Add mulch and rocks to prevent the plants and grass underneath to prevent soil erosion. Mulch matting can be used to reduce erosion on the slopes.
Answer:
Building terraces into the sides of a slope
What is the definition for polyploidy?
A femur is a leg bone found in a human skeleton. When evaluating the human body's levels of organization, a femur is best classified as —
A.
an organ, because it is part of the skeletal system.
B.
an organ system, because it is composed of many cells.
C.
an organelle, because it is composed of many tissues.
D.
an organism, because it is part of the skeletal system.
Answer:
Option A
Explanation:
The femur is classified as an organ, because it is part of the skeletal system
The level of organization is the order that includes cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms. The femur is a leg bone which is an organ which is a part of organ system called the skeletal system.
What is skeletal system?The basic framework of body is skeletal system, which is consists of bones, connective tissue, tendons, ligaments, etc.
The four main parts of this system include:
Bone.Ligament.Tendon.Joint.The femur is a leg bone which is an organ that is a part of an organ system called the skeletal system.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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please answer please, If we have a male hemophiliac (such as Leopold) marry a normal female, is there any way to have sons who have hemophilia? Provide a justification for your response.
The genetic makeup of an organism or its combination of alleles
Answer:
Genotype
Explanation:
The codon GAG becomes GTG due to a point mutation in the DNA, affecting the structure of the protein hemoglobin. What effect does this mutation have on the individual? WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
The individual suffers from sickle cell anemia.
The individual suffers from myotonic dystrophy.
The individual suffers from Fragile X syndrome.
The individual suffers no negative effects.
Answer:
The individual suffers from sickle cell anemia.
Explanation:
Deformed red blood cells occur in 1 in 500 African Americans. This is caused due to a gene mutation called point mutation that alters the structure of the red blood cell. This alteration affects the cell's ability to carry oxygen.
What is the process by which an organism undergoes a dramatic change in form called?
1. Morphology
2. Metastasis
3. Photosynthesis
4. Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis through which the insect develops by four distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, adult. A type of metamorphosis in which an organism's transformation is so dramatic that it is difficult to recognize the relationship between the larva and adult form.
Option 4) Metamorphosis
Answer:
4. Metamorphosis
Help me really quick please
Answer:
a
Explanation:
potential energy is highest at its highest point
PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS! THANKS!
Which of the following statements about salinity is true?
Question 1 options:
Ocean water near areas with low evaporation has higher salinity.
Ocean water in regions with high levels of precipitation has higher salinity.
Ocean water near rivers has a lower salinity.
Ocean water in areas with high humidity has a higher salinity
How are latitude and temperature related?
Question 2 options:
Lower latitudes will have warmer water because it is closer to the equator.
Higher latitudes will have warmer water because it is closer to the equator.
Higher latitudes will have warmer water because it is closer to the poles.
Lower latitudes will have warmer water because it is closer to the poles
How does salinity vary with freezing and melting?
Question 3 options:
Both freezing and melting decrease salinity.
Both freezing and melting increase salinity.
Freezing decreases salinity, while melting increases salinity.
Freezing increases salinity, while melting decreases salinity.
How does salinity vary with evaporation?
Question 4 options:
When water evaporates, it takes salt with it, increasing its salinity.
When water evaporates, it leaves salt behind, increasing its salinity.
When water evaporates, it leaves salt behind, decreasing its salinity.
When water evaporates, it takes salt with it, decreasing its salinity.
Answer:
that guys answers are all wrong except for #3
Explanation:
i took the quiz and got 1/4
Due to the size of the Universe and the number of galaxies and stars in it, scientists must devise indirect ways to study it. Which of these represents the best way for scientists to study the Universe?
Answer:
A. Scientists should create a graph showing a comparison of the relative sizes of all the galaxies and stars.
Explanation:
Due to the size of the universe and the number of galaxies and stars in it, scientists must use different methods for the purpose of the study, such as the analysis of cosmic microwave background radiation, gravitational lensing, etc.
What is the significance of the cosmology studies?Scientists can conduct cosmology research in a variety of ways, including using computer simulations to model and predict the evolution of the universe and all of its materials, using gravitational lensing to measure the distribution of dark matter, and so on. Apart from that, the universe can be studied by using telescopes at various wavelengths,
Hence, due to the size of the universe and the number of galaxies and stars in it, scientists must use different methods for the purpose of the study, such as the analysis of cosmic microwave background radiation, gravitational lensing, etc.
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1. Which statement is NOT true?
a. Metals tend to lose electrons and form cations, or positive ions.
b. Nonmetals tend to gain electrons and form anions, or negative ions.
c. Ionic bond is formed between two metals or two nonmetals.
d. Ionic bond is formed between a metal and a nonmetal.
Answer:
c.Ionic bond is formed between two metals or two non metals.
science animal cell, please help thanKS ASAP
Answer:
a (so 6)
Explanation:
I hope this is helpful :)
The North Pole and the South Pole are
A:Classified as tundra biomes
B: Not home to any animals
C: not classified into major biomes.
D: Part of Aquatic Ecosystems
Answer:
A
Explanation:
classified as tundra biomes
Match each term to the appropriate description.
Answer:
Have a great day!
Explanation:
The appropriate term for each description would be ecosystem, community, population, organism, and species respectively.
Definition of ecological terms?An ecosystem is a community of all living organisms interacting with their environment as a system.
A community is a collection of different populations of organisms.
A population is a group of organisms of the same species capable of mating.
Species are a group of organisms that is capable of breeding to produce fertile offspring.
Thus, the term for each description would be ecosystem, community, population, organism, and species respectively.
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Arrange the following concepts from simplest to most complex: Chromosomes, DNA, Genome, Gene
Answer:
DNA -> Gene -> Chromosome -> Genome
Explanation:
A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA including all of its genes. Each genome contains all of the information needed to build and maintain that organism. Chromosomes are the threadlike structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.
The material and components that are vital for the growth and functioning of an organism that gets inherited from parent to offspring are the components of genetic information.
From simplest to complex they are arranged as:
DNA ⇒ Gene ⇒ Chromosome ⇒ Genome
DNA is the deoxyribose nucleic acid and is the genetic material that transports the instruction for development and function for growth. Gene is a unit of hereditary that codes for gene products.DNA molecules packed as a thread-like structure is called chromosomes.The entire set of genes that pass from parent to offspring is called the genome.To learn more about genome and genes follow the link:
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If a chromosome comes apart because it is not well attached at the center, 1 point
then there is most likely a problem with the
centromere
chromatids
chromatin
gene
Answer: The most problem is likely with chromatin
Explanation:
If a chromosome comes apart because it is not well attached at the center, The most problem is likely with chromatin.
What is chromosome ?
A chromosome is a thread-like structure present in the nucleus of cells such as both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell and it is made of a molecule of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and histone proteins.
It is composed of three components, DNA, proteins and RNA, amount of the DNA content ranges from 30 to 40 %, the amount of proteins from 50 to 65%, and small amount of RNA from 1 to 10%.
Two types of protein present in DNA such as histone and non-histones proteins, histone constitute large amount (90% of total protein), whereas non-histone is present in small amount (around 10% of total protein).
The histone protein is basic, whereas, the DNA is acidic, so it can be neutralized; DNA in chromosome is present in two forms such as Euchromatin and Heterochromatin.
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