A party seeking Supreme Court review must petition the Court for a writ of certiorari, which commands the lower court to forward the trial records to the Court for a criminal trial court proceeding.
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The permanent employment laws in many countries have resulted in differences between the Untied States and countries like France and Germany. Which of the following is an example of these differences?
a. The possibility of firing someone quickly without cause is a simple matter in Germany
b. It is a simple matter to fire an employee in France after a relatively short probationary period
c. German workers get an average of four time more severance pay than U.S. workers
d. In France, 45 hours is the legal weekly work limit for all employees
The differences between the United States and countries like France and Germany regarding permanent employment laws are: German workers get an average of four times more severance pay than U.S. workers.
Hence, option C is the correct answer. Labor laws across the world vary significantly, and it's fascinating to look at different countries' labor laws.
Europe is known for its more extensive labor protections, such as maximum workweeks and more significant vacation time. One of the most important areas of difference between US law and that of many European nations is labor law. In the US, it is relatively easy to hire and fire employees, while in Europe, there is a lot more job security in exchange for more challenging hiring procedures.
Permanent employment means that you are hired to work for a business, organization, or agency and will continue to work there as long as you like, provided that you follow the rules and do your job well. The only way your employment could come to an end is if you decide to quit or if the company has a valid reason to terminate you.
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Is the Fed meant to be controlled or independent from the government?
The Fed is autonomous in the sense that it determines its own monetary policy and other related issues without requiring input from the federal government.
The term "central bank independence" relates to the issue of whether those in charge of monetary policy should be totally cut off from the executive branch.People who support independence are aware of how politics may encourage monetary policy, which can help candidates win re-election in the short term but have long-term negative effects on the economy.Independence opponents assert that the government and central bank's economic policies need to be closely linked.Some opponents contend that strict regulatory control of central banks is necessary.The Fed and other central banks are really given a fair deal of independence, but they still have some ties to the government.Learn more about federal government.
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The U.S. Constitution was a unique combination of political principles. Identify the features below that describe the principles embodied in the Constitution.
-federalism
-checks and balances
-public liberty
-private liberty
The U.S. Constitution embodies federalism, checks and balances, public and private liberty. Federalism divides power between national and state governments. Checks and balances prevent abuse of power.
The U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. It was drafted in 1787 at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was later ratified by the original thirteen states. The Constitution outlines the structure of the federal government and sets forth the powers and limitations of its three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The Constitution also outlines the rights and freedoms of American citizens, including the Bill of Rights, which includes the first ten amendments to the Constitution. Since its adoption, the Constitution has been amended several times to address issues such as voting rights, slavery, and presidential succession. It is widely regarded as one of the most important documents in world history and has served as a model for many other constitutions around the world.
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Which of the following are true statements about the development of women's rights during the early republic? Check all that apply.1.Women were uninterested in participating in political life.2.Some women believed that fulfilling their domestic responsibilities was a kind of political participation.3.Massachusetts extended the vote to women on Abigail Adams's recommendation.4.Many believed that politics and government were inappropriate places for women.
2 and 4 are true statements about the development of women's rights during the early republic.
2. Some women believed that fulfilling their domestic responsibilities was a kind of political participation. During this time, women were generally excluded from formal political participation, such as voting and holding office. However, some women, like Abigail Adams, believed that their work in the home was a form of political participation because it contributed to the success of the nation and the well-being of its citizens.
4. Many believed that politics and government were inappropriate places for women. During the early republic, it was widely believed that women were too emotional and irrational to participate in politics and government. Many people, including some women, believed that women's proper role was in the home and that they should not be involved in public affairs.
1 and 3 are false statements.
1. Women were not uninterested in participating in political life. Many women were interested in participating in politics and government but were excluded from doing so because of their gender.
3. Massachusetts did not extend the vote to women on Abigail Adams's recommendation. Abigail Adams did advocate for women's rights, but she did not recommend that Massachusetts extend the vote to women. Women's suffrage did not become a reality in the United States until the 20th century.
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fill in the blank. the___perspective of the criminal justice system holds that criminals choose to commit crimes and must be punished harshly for their actions.
The Crime control perspective of the criminal justice system holds that criminals choose to commit crimes and must be punished harshly for their actions.
Criminal justice referred to all methods that individuals could use to exact retribution for the harm committed by a crime. The idea of criminal justice has since developed.
With a focus on the complexities and connections between crime and justice, Criminal Justice: The System in Perspective offers a novel perspective on the criminal justice system. Recent studies, current events, and the criminal court system are the main topics of criminal justice.
According to the due process model, every person should have access to a just and equitable criminal justice system that respects their constitutional rights.
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Upon conviction of a felony, what punishment is a court required to issue if possible? 1) A revocation of the defendant's POST certification 2) A revocation of the defendant's Civilian Firearms License 3) All of the above 4) None of the above
A prison term for a felony offence could range from a year to life in jail or perhaps the death penalty.
What are a few felonies?Although felonies typically entail violent offences, they can also involve major crimes like murder, robbery, sexual assault, or kidnapping as well as white-collar offences like tax evasion and stock fraud.
What does "upon conviction" mean?Following conviction is defined as a reasonable period of time following the conviction, sentencing, or disposal of the case, but prior to the offender's release or transfer from state or county custody, as appropriate.
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this is a document guaranteeing the appearance of a defendant in court as required. it is a pledge of money or property to be paid to the court.
In a 2003 case involving admissions practices at the University of Michigan, the Supreme Court reaffirmed its decision Bakke by rejecting the use of___
In a 2003 case involving admissions practices at the University of Michigan, the Supreme Court reaffirmed its decision Bakke by rejecting the use of racial quotas.
The case, Grutter v. Bollinger, centered around the University of Michigan's law school's affirmative action program, which used race as a factor in admissions decisions. The Court upheld the constitutionality of the program, stating that a diverse student body is a compelling state interest in the context of higher education. However, the Court also noted that race cannot be the sole factor in admissions decisions and that universities must consider other factors as well. The decision affirmed the principle of affirmative action in higher education while also establishing limits on its implementation.
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fill in the blank. the policy area in which a particular congressional committee is authorized to act is called the ___ of a congressional committee.
The policy area in which a particular congressional committee is authorized to act is called the jurisdiction of a congressional committee.
Each committee in Congress has a specific jurisdiction that defines the policy areas under its purview. These jurisdictions can vary widely depending on the committee, with some overseeing broad policy areas like the Ways and Means Committee, which has jurisdiction over taxes and revenue, while others are more narrowly focused on specific issues like the Energy and Commerce Committee, which has jurisdiction over healthcare, energy, and telecommunications. The jurisdiction of a committee is determined by the rules of the House or Senate and can be changed over time through the amendment of those rules or through the creation or dissolution of committees.
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what type of case would involve a person suing someone else for money?
A monetary damages lawsuit is a case in which one party sues another for monetary compensation for losses, damages, or injuries caused by the other party’s negligence, breach of contract, or other wrongdoing.
Monetary damages typically include medical costs, pain and suffering, lost wages, and property damage, but may also include punitive damages, which are designed to punish wrongdoers and deter others from similar behavior. These lawsuits can be filed by individuals or by a representative on behalf of a deceased or incapacitated individual. Monetary damages lawsuits may be brought to civil court in a variety of circumstances, including car accidents, workplace accidents, product liability cases, or medical malpractice cases.
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What part should intent play in determining the punishment for crime? (For instance, if a man attempts to kill another man but fails to kill him and, instead, only wounds him, should he receive any lighter a sentence than the man who intends to kill another man and succeeds in doing so?)
Answer:
Intent is an important factor in determining the punishment for a crime. In the case of attempted murder versus actual murder, the intent to kill is the same in both cases, but the outcome is different. The person who attempted to kill but failed may still be held responsible for their actions and face punishment, but the punishment may be less severe than that of the person who successfully killed another person.This is because the severity of a crime is often determined by the harm caused, as well as the intent behind the action. However, the specific circumstances of the crime, including the intent of the perpetrator, the harm caused, and other factors, should all be taken into account when determining an appropriate punishment.Overall, while intent should be considered when determining the punishment for a crime, it should not be the only factor taken into account. The severity of the harm caused and other relevant factors should also be considered to ensure that the punishment fits the crime.Inadvertently, Morris leaves his backpack at NuWay Launderers when he stops to pick up his clothes. The backpack is
a. abandoned property
b. gifted property
c. lost property
d. mislaid property
The correct answer is C. Lost Property. Lost property is any property unintentionally left behind or forgotten. It is important to note that the person who left the property must not have had the intention of abandoning it.
C. Lost property. The classification for Morris's backpack at NuWay Launderers when he stops to pick up his clothes is "lost property." "Lost property Lost is property that has been unintentionally left by its owner.
It differs from "mislaid" property, which is property that has been intentionally set down by its owner but then forgotten. Inadvertently, Morris leaves his backpack at NuWay Launderers when he stops to pick up his clothes, which means he unintentionally left his property behind. Therefore, the backpack is lost property, not abandoned, gifted, or mislaid property. Abandoned property: property that the owner has given up completely with no intention of reclaiming it.
Gifted property: Property that is intentionally transferred from one person to another without payment or consideration. Mislaid property: Property that is intentionally set down by the owner but then forgotten.
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which of the following us federal agencies investigate hacking cases that appear to involve espionage, nation-states, and counterintelligence?
Federal Bureau of Investigation investigate hacking cases that appear to involve espionage, nation-states, and counterintelligence.
Option (A) is correct.
The primary federal law enforcement organisation in the United States as well as its domestic intelligence and security service is the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is responsible for upholding federal law and conducting investigations into a range of serious offences, involving terrorism, espionage, white collar crimes, financial fraud, and other serious crimes.
The FBI is primarily a domestic agency with field offices in significant American cities, unlike the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which lacks law enforcement jurisdiction and is primarily focused on gathering intelligence abroad.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (A)
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The question is incomplete, the complete question is:
which of the following us federal agencies investigate hacking cases that appear to involve espionage, nation-states, and counterintelligence?
a) FBI
b) CBI
C) both
D) None
Elaborate on the evidence that shows the Hooman Khanloo's (appellant) exclusive use of room No. 1109? in case Dato ARahman
Answer:
The case of Dato ArRahman involves a dispute over a property at the Platinum Park, Kuala Lumpur. One of the key pieces of evidence in the case is related to the exclusive use of room No. 1109 by Hooman Khanloo, the appellant in the case.
According to the evidence presented in the case, Hooman Khanloo had exclusive use of room No. 1109 for a period of time. The evidence shows that the appellant was the only person who had access to the room and had the authority to use it. The evidence also shows that Hooman Khanloo had been living in the room for some time and had made significant changes to the room to make it his own.
In addition to this, the evidence shows that Hooman Khanloo had been paying the rent for the room and had been using it for his personal and business purposes. The appellant had also made significant investments in the room, such as purchasing and installing furniture and equipment.
The evidence presented in the case also includes witness testimony that supports the claim of Hooman Khanloo's exclusive use of the room. Witnesses who had interacted with Hooman Khanloo in the past testified that they had seen him using the room for various purposes, including business meetings and personal use.
Overall, the evidence presented in the case suggests that Hooman Khanloo had exclusive use of room No. 1109 for a significant period of time and had made significant investments in the room. This evidence is important because it helps establish the appellant's claim to the property and supports his argument that he had a right to continue using the room.
Halfway houses provide reintegration assistance, but they are primarily geared toward minimizing risk. Therefore, workers may experience role conflict, which is a clash between ____ and treatment goals
Halfway houses provide reintegration assistance, but they are primarily geared toward minimizing risk. Therefore, workers may experience role conflict, which is a clash between rehabilitation and treatment goals.
Role conflict can be defined as a type of social conflict that occurs when there are incompatible expectations between two or more social positions held by a single individual.
This is particularly challenging when the individual is unable to fulfill the requirements of these roles or when the demands of one role conflict with the demands of another.
A halfway house is a type of supportive housing that aims to help people transition from a correctional facility, drug rehabilitation center, or psychiatric hospital to the community.
These homes are intended to provide a structured, safe, and supportive environment where residents can continue their rehabilitation while learning how to live independently. Since the ultimate goal of these institutions is to reintegrate the person into society, the workers who work there may experience role conflict if they feel that the needs of the individual are in conflict with the overall objective of the facility.
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what does the public law regulate
Public law sees on constitutional, administrative and criminal law. Public law is the part of law that governs relations between legal persons and a government.
Also between different institutions within a state, between different branches of government and relations between persons of direct interest to society.
An illustration of a public law?The entitlement to social benefits, which are only available to natural persons and are given by administrative action of the state budget, is a prime illustration of public law. Slippage laws could say to both public and private legislation.
Does it mean in the legal context?Not private; under the control of the government; or belongs to and accessible to the public. It could be referring to a thing, an organization, or something you do.
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true/false. When at the zero bound, one of the policy alternatives that we discussed would be for the Fed to lower or eliminate the reserve requirement ratio
One of the policy options we explored was for the Fed to reduce or remove the reserve requirement ratio when it reached the zero bound. True.
The notion that interest rates cannot be decreased farther than zero is known as the "Zero Lower Limit." Historically, central banks have utilised monetary policy to influence the economy's interest rate in order to achieve its budgetary goal (s).
In fact, the Fed used a variety of other tactics to overcome the ZLB restriction after the crisis, including large-scale asset purchases (quantitative easing) and providing market participants with advance information on the direction of interest rates. The ZLB issue was not entirely solved by these policy improvements.
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question which of the following accurately compares the formal and informal powers of the president?
Holding the position of chief military commander. The president's formal and informal powers are contrasted in a suitable way by signing executive agreements with foreign countries. So the right answer is: Formal Power: Serving as military commander in chief; Informal Power: Executing executive agreements with foreign governments.
The correct option is C.
What authority does the president have both formally and informally?The President has the following formal and unofficial powers:
Formal authority:
Being in charge of an army, navy, or air force of the US.the power to veto legislation to influence Congress.the capacity to coordinate political events and conduct negotiations with foreign nations.the authority to call and adjourn sessions of Congress.Informal power:
Having the authority to enact legislative goals and executive orders.Without declaring war, dispatch troops.In charge of foreign policy projects.The correct option is C.The question is incomplete, complete question "Which of the following accurately compares the formal and informal powers of the president?
A. Formal Power: Vetoing legislation to prevent a bill from becoming law
Informal Power: Using a pocket veto to prevent a bill from becoming law
B. Formal Power: Using the bully pulpit to influence public opinion
Informal Power: Appointing ambassadors and receiving diplomats from other nations
C. Formal Power: Acting as commander in chief of the military
Informal Power: Signing executive agreements with foreign nations
D. Formal Power: Using the power of the purse to support government programs
Informal Power: Using signing statements to shape legislation
C. Formal Power: Acting as commander in chief of the military
Informal Power: Signing executive agreements with foreign nations"
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in which of the following ways does the british democracy differ from most other parliamentary democracies in europe?
The British democracy differs from the majority of other parliamentary democracies in Europe in that the ruling party may adopt policies with essentially no checks from other levels of government.
The Westminster Parliament represents the idea of full power to legislate on all topics, free from any restrictions from underlying principles of international law or human rights, and now also from EU legislation.
The UK is a parliamentary democracy in europe. After the passage of the First Reform Act in 1832, which gave the vote to 7% of males and reallocated house seats for fairer representation, the UK became a democracy. This was the initial reform in a series that aimed to increase the electorate.
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Correct Question:
In what ways does the british democracy differ from most other parliamentary democracies in europe?
Question 1
Blood type AB is the rarest blood type, occurring in only 4% of the population in the United States. In Australia, only 1.5% of the population has blood type AB. Suppose a random sample of 50 U.S. residents and 40 Australians is obtained. Consider the random variables described below:
X: the number of US residents (out of 50) with blood type AB.
Y: the number of Australians (out of 40) with blood type AB.
Z: the total number of individuals (out of 90) with blood type AB.
Which of the following is true about the random variables X, Y, and Z? Check all that apply.
X is a binomial random variable with n = 50 and p = 0.04
Y is a binomial random variable with n = 30 and p = 0.015
Z is a binomial random variable with n = 90 and p = 0.055
Question 2
In Texas, 30% of parolees from prison return to prison within 3 years. Suppose 15 prisoners are released from a Texas prison on parole. Assume that whether or not one prisoner returns to prison is independent of whether any of the others return to prison. Let the random variable X be the number of parolees out of 15 that return to prison within 3 years. What are the values of the parameters for the binomial random variable X?
n =
p =
X is a binomial random variable with n = 50 and p = 0.04, Y is a binomial random variable with n = 40 and p = 0.015.
The value of n is 15 and p is 0.30 of the parameters for the binomial random variable X
1. X is a binomial random variable with n = 50 and p = 0.04
Y is a binomial random variable with n = 40 and p = 0.015
Z is not a binomial random variable, as it represents the total number of individuals with blood type AB, which is not a fixed number of trials with a constant probability of success.
2. The binomial distribution models the number of successes in a fixed number of independent trials, where each trial has the same probability of success. In this case, X represents the number of parolees out of 15 that return to prison within 3 years, where each parolee is either a success (returns to prison) or a failure (does not return to prison). Since each prisoner's return to prison is independent of the other prisoners' returns, we can model X as a binomial random variable with n = 15 (the number of trials) and p = 0.3 (the probability of success, or the proportion of parolees who return to prison within 3 years).
Therefore, final answer for question 1 is n = 40 and p =0.015 and for question 2 is n = 15 and p = 0.30.
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jerome and jana relinquish the legal right to exercise control of their 17 year old daughter meredith because
Jerome and jana relinquish the legal right to exercise control of their 17 year old daughter Meredith because of the act emancipation.
The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, as the country was approaching its third year of a bloody civil war. In the rebellious states, the proclamation stated "that all persons held as slaves are, and henceforth shall be free."
Instead, it sought to abolish the extensive plantation slavery that existed in Britain's tropical colonies, where the population of slaves was frequently greater than that of the white colonists. In British North America, there were far fewer and more isolated enslaved Africans. In 1774, Rhode Island became the first state to outlaw slavery.
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discuss the differences between individualizing items of evidence and associative items of evidence?
Answer:
Individualizing evidence is evidence that can be linked to a specific person or thing, such as DNA or fingerprints. Associative evidence is evidence that does not have a direct link to a specific person or thing, but can be used to make connections or draw inferences, such as a witness testimony or surveillance footage. The main difference is that individualizing evidence can provide more direct and conclusive proof of a person's involvement, while associative evidence requires more interpretation and analysis to draw conclusions.
Explanation:
fill in the blank. a criminologist who believes that crime is caused by societal pressures such as social structures and culture would subscribe to___perspectives.
A criminologist who believes that crime is caused by societal pressures such as social structures and culture would subscribe to sociological perspectives.
Specifically, this perspective is often associated with the sociological theory of "social disorganization," which suggests that high levels of crime in certain neighborhoods or communities can be attributed to factors such as poverty, unemployment, racial segregation, and weak social institutions.
Criminologists who subscribe to this perspective argue that crime is not solely the result of individual choices or characteristics, but rather is influenced by larger societal factors. Other sociological perspectives that are commonly applied to the study of crime include strain theory, cultural deviance theory, and social learning theory.
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(p. 130) According to the chapter, the 2009 Credit Card Responsibility and Disclosure Act: A. requires credit cards companies to disclose specific reasons for increasing interest rates.
B. requires persons under 21 to show independent income or use a co-signer to acquire a credit card.
C. prohibits credit card companies from charging more than 18% interest.
D. requires students to disclose expected college loan debt when applying for a credit card.
According to the chapter, the 2009 Credit Card Responsibility and Disclosure Act: requires persons under 21 to show independent income or use a co-signer to acquire a credit card. (B)
The Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009, also known as the Credit CARD Act of 2009, is a federal statute that was signed into law by President Barack Obama on May 22, 2009.
The act is intended to protect consumers from abusive credit card practices and to improve transparency in the credit card sector.The Credit CARD Act of 2009 is a comprehensive credit card reform law that includes a number of provisions aimed at safeguarding customers from unfair and deceptive practices.
Some of the Credit CARD Act of 2009's key provisions include the following:Credit card issuers must give customers a minimum of 21 days to pay their bills;Credit card issuers must notify customers of changes to their account terms at least 45 days ahead of time;Credit card issuers are prohibited from charging interest on fees and penalties;
Credit card issuers are required to apply payments to high-interest balances first;
Credit card issuers are required to mail monthly statements to customers 21 days prior to their payment due date;
Credit card issuers must provide customers with a notice before increasing their interest rate;
Credit card issuers must provide customers with a warning before assessing an over-limit fee on their account; and
Persons under the age of 21 are required to demonstrate independent income or use a co-signer to acquire a credit card.
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3. Laws, policies, and their associated penalties only provide deterrence if three conditions are present. List and describe them.The three conditions due to which Laws, policies, and their associated penalties only provide deterrence are:Fear of penaltyProbability of being apprehendedProbability of a penalty being applied
Laws, policies, and their associated penalties only provide deterrence if three conditions are present. These conditions are fear of penalty, probability of being apprehended and probability of a penalty being applied
Laws, policies, and their associated penalties are essential elements that ensure a law-abiding society. The objective of laws, policies, and their associated penalties is to deter individuals from committing offenses. However, laws, policies, and their associated penalties only provide deterrence if three conditions are present:Fear of penalty: In order to prevent a crime from being committed, individuals must fear the punishment that would follow if they were to violate the law. A penalty must be severe enough to dissuade potential offenders from engaging in criminal behavior.Probability of being apprehended: Individuals are less likely to engage in criminal behavior if they believe they will be caught. Criminals who believe they will not be caught are more likely to engage in illegal activities than those who believe they will be caught.Probability of a penalty being applied: Laws, policies, and their associated penalties must be enforced. Individuals will be less likely to engage in criminal behavior if they believe they will be caught and punished for their actions. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that laws, policies, and their associated penalties are enforced with consistency and fairness.Learn more about policies: https://brainly.com/question/28271379
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Subsidiary sources include writings and commentaries by legal-----------
a.
activists
b.
entities
c.
profession
d.
scholars
Subsidiary sources include writings and commentaries by legal Activists or by publicist, who have great exposure among people.
Therefore, answer is option a. Activists.
Do laws have definitions?Law is a discipline and profession that deals with a community's accepted norms, practices, and standards of conduct. A governing authority is responsible for enforcing the body of regulations.
What is it, and what does it serve?Every members of a community must do by the laws that are done. Laws safeguard our rights as citizens and safeguard our general safety against violations by individuals, groups, and even the government. We have laws to assist ensure our overall safety.
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Burt terminated his exclusive right-to-sell listing agreement with Scott, his listing broker, without cause. Burt may legally do this as long as he's ______.
A. Unhappy with Scott's servicesB. Willing to find his own buyerC. A real estate licenseeD. Willing to pay Scott's commission anyway
Burt may legally terminate his exclusive right-to-sell listing agreement with Scott, his listing broker, without cause as long as he is willing to find his own buyer. (B)
This is because in an exclusive right-to-sell listing agreement, the seller agrees to pay the broker's commission regardless of who finds the buyer.
Therefore, regardless of whether Burt or the broker finds the buyer, Burt is still responsible for the commission. Option A is incorrect because it is not required that Burt be unhappy with Scott's services to terminate the listing agreement.
Option C is incorrect because it is not necessary for Burt to be a real estate licensee to terminate the listing agreement. Option D is incorrect because Burt does not need to be willing to pay Scott's commission for him to terminate the listing agreement.
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The law requiring buyers and sellers to be given an itemization of all costs and expenses of the buying and selling of a home is
a. the Equal Credit Opportunity Act
b. the Fair Credit Reporting Act
c. RESPA
d. the Truth in lending Act
The law requiring buyers and sellers to be given an itemization of all costs and expenses of the buying and selling of a home is RESPA, which stands for the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act.
In this case, Option C is correct
RESPA is a federal law that was enacted in 1974 to protect homebuyers and sellers from unfair practices and to provide them with information about the costs associated with buying or selling a home. Among other things, RESPA requires that borrowers receive a Good Faith Estimate (GFE) of the costs associated with their loan, as well as a HUD-1 Settlement Statement that outlines all of the charges and fees associated with the transaction.
By requiring lenders and other settlement service providers to disclose their fees and charges to borrowers, RESPA helps to ensure that homebuyers and sellers are not taken advantage of and are able to make informed decisions about their real estate transactions.
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Describe the THREE (3) elements of possession that were established in Dato ARahman case.
Answer:
In the Dato' Menteri Othman bin Baginda & Anor v Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim case, which is commonly referred to as the "Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim Sodomy II" case, there were three elements of possession that were established by the Malaysian courts. These elements are:
Actual possession: This refers to physical control over an object or thing. In the case of Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim, he was found to have had actual possession of the semen-stained mattress on which the alleged sodomy occurred.
Exclusive possession: This means that the person in possession has the right to exclude others from using or accessing the object. In this case, the court found that Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim had exclusive possession of the mattress, as no one else had used or accessed it since the alleged incident.
Intention to possess: This element refers to the mental state of the person in possession, in that they must have the intention to possess the object. In this case, the court found that Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim had the intention to possess the mattress, as he had kept it in his possession for several years and had not disposed of it.
which constitutional principle did the supreme court decision in marbury v. madison strengthen?
The Supreme Court's decision in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) strengthened the constitutional principle of judicial review.
In this landmark case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) , Chief Justice John Marshall and the Supreme Court held that the Court has the power to declare acts of Congress as unconstitutional. This decision established the principle of judicial review in this case , which is the power of the federal courts to determine the constitutionality of laws and executive actions.
By establishing the principle of judicial review, the Supreme Court upheld its authority as an equal branch of government and established an important control and check on the power of the other branches. This decision also helped to establish the role of the Supreme Court as the final arbiter of constitutional questions in the United States.
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